Sandbox Ochuko: Difference between revisions

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*[[Bioprosthetic valves]]
*[[Bioprosthetic valves]]
*[[Bleeding disorders]]  
*[[Bleeding disorders]]  
*[[CADASIL]]
*[[CADASIL]]<ref name="pmid8878478">{{cite journal| author=Joutel A, Corpechot C, Ducros A, Vahedi K, Chabriat H, Mouton P et al.| title=Notch3 mutations in CADASIL, a hereditary adult-onset condition causing stroke and dementia. | journal=Nature | year= 1996 | volume= 383 | issue= 6602 | pages= 707-10 | pmid=8878478 | doi=10.1038/383707a0 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8878478  }} </ref>
*[[CARASIL]]
*[[CARASIL]]<ref name="pmid21215656">{{cite journal| author=Fukutake T| title=Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL): from discovery to gene identification. | journal=J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis | year= 2011 | volume= 20 | issue= 2 | pages= 85-93 | pmid=21215656 | doi=10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2010.11.008 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21215656  }} </ref>
*[[Cardiac arrest]]
*[[Cardiac arrest]]
*[[Carotid artery dissection]]
*[[Carotid artery dissection]]
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*[[Cerebral hemorrhage]]
*[[Cerebral hemorrhage]]
*[[Cerebral ventricle neoplasm]]  
*[[Cerebral ventricle neoplasm]]  
*[[Cocaine overdose]]  
*[[cocaine|Cocaine overdose]]  
*[[Congenital heart disease]]
*[[Congenital heart disease]]
*[[Congestive heart failure]]
*[[Congestive heart failure]]
*[[Conn's adenoma]]
*[[adenoma|Conn's adenoma]]
*[[Conn's syndrome ]]  
*[[Conn's syndrome]]  
*[[Conn-Louis carcinoma ]]
*[[adrenocortical carcinoma|Conn-Louis carcinoma]]
*[[Conversion disorder]]  
*[[Conversion disorder]]  
*[[Coronary angiography]]
*[[Coronary angiography]]
*[[Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery]]
*[[coronary artery bypass surgery|Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery]]
*[[Crack addiction ]]  
*[[Crack addiction ]]  
*[[Crystal meth addiction]]
*[[Crystal meth addiction]]
*[[Cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency]]
*[[Cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency]]
*[[Decompression sickness]]
*[[Decompression sickness]]
*[[Diabetes mellitus type I]]
*[[diabetes mellitus|Diabetes mellitus type I]]
*[[Diabetes mellitus type II]]
*[[Diabetes mellitus type II]]
*[[Dilated cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Dilated cardiomyopathy]]
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*[[Essential thrombocytosis]]  
*[[Essential thrombocytosis]]  
*[[Fabry's disease]]
*[[Fabry's disease]]
*[[Factor V leiden mutation]]  
*[[Factor V Leiden mutation]]  
*[[Familial hemiplegic migraine]]
*[[Familial hemiplegic migraine]]
*[[Familial hypercholesterolemia]]
*[[Familial hypercholesterolemia]]
*[[Fibromuscular dysplasia]]  
*[[Fibromuscular dysplasia]]  
*[[Giant cell arteritis]]
*[[Giant cell arteritis]]
*[[Hemophilia type A]]
*[[Hemophilia A]]
*[[Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia]]
*[[Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia]]
*[[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]
*[[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]
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*[[Pulmonary embolism]]
*[[Pulmonary embolism]]
*[[Rheumatic heart disease]]
*[[Rheumatic heart disease]]
*[[Rheumatoid vasculitis ]]  
*[[Rheumatoid vasculitis]]  
*[[Sick sinus syndrome]]
*[[Sick sinus syndrome]]
*[[Sickle cell anemia ]]
*[[Sickle cell anemia]]
*[[Sickle cell disease]]  
*[[Sickle cell disease]]  
*[[Sleep apnea ]]  
*[[Sleep apnea ]]  
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*[[Subarachnoid haemorrhage]]
*[[Subarachnoid haemorrhage]]
*[[Substance abuse]]  
*[[Substance abuse]]  
*[[Sustained atrial flutter]]
*[[atrial flutter|Sustained atrial flutter]]
*[[Syphilis ]]
*[[Syphilis]]
*[[Systemic hypertension]]  
*[[Systemic hypertension]]  
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
*[[Takayasu arteritis]]
*[[Takayasu arteritis]]
*[[essential thrombocytosis|Thrombocythemia ]]
*[[essential thrombocytosis|Thrombocythemia]]
*[[Thromboembolism]]  
*[[Thromboembolism]]  
*[[Thrombosis]]
*[[Thrombosis]]
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*[[Wolfram syndrome]]
*[[Wolfram syndrome]]


==References==
{{Reflist|2}}


==Causes of Stroke==
==Causes of Stroke==

Revision as of 23:18, 24 August 2014


Stroke in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ Joutel A, Corpechot C, Ducros A, Vahedi K, Chabriat H, Mouton P; et al. (1996). "Notch3 mutations in CADASIL, a hereditary adult-onset condition causing stroke and dementia". Nature. 383 (6602): 707–10. doi:10.1038/383707a0. PMID 8878478.
  2. ↑ Fukutake T (2011). "Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL): from discovery to gene identification". J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 20 (2): 85–93. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2010.11.008. PMID 21215656.

Causes of Stroke

Ischemic Stroke

Thrombotic Stroke

Thrombotic stroke can be divided into two types depending on the type of vessel the thrombus is formed on:

  • Small vessel disease involves the intracerebral arteries, branches of the Circle of Willis, middle cerebral artery, stem, and arteries arising from the distal vertebral and basilar artery. Diseases that may form thrombi in the small vessels include (in descending incidence):
    • Lipohyalinosis (lipid hyaline build-up secondary to hypertension and aging) and fibrinoid degeneration (stroke involving these vessels are known as lacunar infarcts)
    • Microatheromas from larger arteries that extend into the smaller arteries (atheromatous branch disease)

Embolic Stroke

High Risk Cardiac Causes[1]
Potential Cardiac Causes
  • Atrial septal aneurysm
  • Atrial septal aneurysm with patent foramen ovale
  • Complex atheroma in the ascending aorta or proximal arch
  • Isolated left atrial smoke on echocardiography (no mitral stenosis or atrial fibrillation)
  • Left ventricular aneurysm without thrombus
  • Mitral annular calcification
  • Patent foramen ovale

Systemic Hypoperfusion (Watershed stroke)

Hypoxemia (low blood oxygen content) may precipitate the hypo-perfusion.

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Intracerebral Hemorrhage

References

  1. ↑ Ay H; Furie KL; Singhal A; Smith WS; Sorensen AG; Koroshetz WJ (2005). "An evidence-based causative classification system for acute ischemic stroke". Ann Neurol. 58 (5): 688–97. PMID 16240340.

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The upper part of the GI tract will usually cause black stools due to:


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 









Primary treatment option
Atropine
❑ Administer a first dose 0.5 mg IV bolus
❑ Repeat every 3-5 minutes
❑ Administer a maximum dose of 3 mg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Secondary treatment options
If atropine ineffective:
❑ Administer dopamine infusion (2-10 mcg/kg/min)
OR
❑ Administer epinephrine infusion (2-10 mcg/min)
OR
❑ Proceed with transcutaneous pacing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
❑ Consult a cardiologist
❑ Consider transvenous pacing
 
 
 
 
 
 






References

Overview

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Diagnosis

Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation

Complete Evaluation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Treatment

Do's

Don'ts

References

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