Persistent truncus arteriosus common causes

Revision as of 00:23, 15 October 2012 by Kalsang Dolma (talk | contribs)
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Persistent truncus arteriosus Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Persistent truncus arteriosus from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

Echocardiography

CT

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Persistent truncus arteriosus common causes On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Persistent truncus arteriosus common causes

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Persistent truncus arteriosus common causes

CDC on Persistent truncus arteriosus common causes

Persistent truncus arteriosus common causes in the news

Blogs on Persistent truncus arteriosus common causes

Directions to Hospitals Treating Type page name here

Risk calculators and risk factors for Persistent truncus arteriosus common causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor-in-Chief: Keri Shafer, M.D. [2]

Overview

Causes

Most of the time, this defect occurs spontaneously. Genetic disorders, and teratogens (viruses, metabolic imbalance, and industrial or pharmacological agents) have been associated as possible causes. Up to 50% (varies in studies) of cases are associated with chromosome 22q11 deletions (DiGeorge Syndrome). The neural crest, specifically a population known as the cardiac neural crest, directly contributes to the aorticopulmonary septum.[1][2]

Microablation of the cardiac neural crest in developing chick embryos and genetic anomalies affecting this population of cells in rodents results in persistent truncus arteriosus.[3][4][5]

Numerous perturbations affecting the cardiac neural crest have been associated with persistent truncus arteriosus, some of which include growth factors (fibroblast growth factor 8 and bone morphogenetic protein), transcription factors (T-box, Pax, Nkx2-5, GATA-6, and Forkhead), and gap junction proteins (Connexin). The cardiac neural crest also contributes the smooth muscle of the great arteries.

References

  1. Kirby ML, Gale TF, and Stewart DE. (1983). "Neural crest cells contribute to normal aorticopulmonary septation". Science. 220 (4061): 1059–61. doi:10.1126/science.6844926. PMID 6844926.
  2. Jiang X, Rowitch DH, Soriano P, McMahon AP, Sucov HM.. (2000). "Fate of the mammalian cardiac neural crest...". Development (Cambridge, England). 127 (8): 1607–16. PMID 10725237.
  3. Hutson MR, Kirby ML.. (2003). "Neural crest and cardiovascular development: a 20-year perspective". Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 69 (1): 2–13. doi:10.1002/bdrc.10002. PMID 12768653.
  4. Waller BR 3rd, McQuinn T, Phelps AL, Markwald RR, Lo CW, Thompson RP, Wessels A. (2000). "Conotruncal anomalies in the trisomy 16 mouse: an immunohistochemical analysis with emphasis on the involvement of the neural crest". Anat. Rec. 260 (3): 279–93. doi:10.1002/1097-0185(20001101)260:3<279::AID-AR65>3.0.CO;2-2. PMID 11066038.
  5. Franz T. (1989). "Persistent truncus arteriosus in the Splotch mutant mouse". Anat. Embryol. (Berlin). 180 (5): 457–64. doi:10.1007/BF00305120. PMID 2619088.

Template:WH

Template:WS