Mucormycosis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
While most individuals are exposed to the [[fungi]] on a regular basis, those with [[Immune disorder|immune disorders]] are more prone to an [[infection]]. In humans mucormycosis is most prevalent in [[Immunocompromised|immunocompromised patients]] ([[AIDS|HIV/AIDS]], the [[Old age|elderly]], [[Severe combined immunodeficiency|SCID]], etc) and patients in [[acidosis]] ([[diabetes]], burns), particularly after barrier injury to the [[skin]] or [[Mucus membrane|mucus membranes]], [[malignancies]] such as [[Lymphoma|lymphomas]] and [[Leukemia|leukemias]], [[renal failure]], [[organ transplant]], long term [[corticosteroid]] and [[immunosuppressive therapy]], [[cirrhosis]], [[burns]] and energy [[malnutrition]]. Some 50-75% of patients diagnosed with mucormycosis are estimated to have underlying poorly controlled [[diabetes mellitus]] and [[ketoacidosis]]. | |||
==Risk factors== | ==Risk factors== | ||
The following conditions predispose patients to mucormycosis: | |||
* Immunodeficient states | * [[Immunodeficiency|Immunodeficient states]]: | ||
** Transplant recepients | ** [[Organ transplant|Transplant recepients]] | ||
** Diabetes (including diabetic ketoacidosis) | ** [[Diabetes mellitus|Diabetes]] (including diabetic [[ketoacidosis]]) | ||
** AIDS | ** [[AIDS]] | ||
** Severe lymphocytopenia | ** Severe [[lymphocytopenia]] | ||
** Malignancy | ** [[Malignancy]] | ||
* Dialysis patients on Iron chelation therapy (deferoxamine). | * [[Dialysis]] patients on [[Iron]] [[chelation therapy]] ([[deferoxamine]]). | ||
* Conatct with contaminated surgical instruments. | * Conatct with [[Contamination|contaminated]] [[surgical instruments]]. | ||
* Major trauma <ref name="pmid24476149">{{cite journal |vauthors=Binder U, Maurer E, Lass-Flörl C |title=Mucormycosis--from the pathogens to the disease |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Infect. |volume=20 Suppl 6 |issue= |pages=60–6 |year=2014 |pmid=24476149 |doi=10.1111/1469-0691.12566 |url=}}</ref> | * Major [[trauma]] <ref name="pmid24476149">{{cite journal |vauthors=Binder U, Maurer E, Lass-Flörl C |title=Mucormycosis--from the pathogens to the disease |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Infect. |volume=20 Suppl 6 |issue= |pages=60–6 |year=2014 |pmid=24476149 |doi=10.1111/1469-0691.12566 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* Iron overload | * [[Iron]] overload | ||
* Aluminium overload | * [[Aluminium]] overload | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{WH}}{{WS}} | {{WH}}{{WS}} | ||
<references /> | |||
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | |||
[[Category:Otolaryngology]] | |||
[[Category:Nephrology]] | |||
[[Category:Dermatology]] | |||
[[Category:Pulmonology]] | |||
Latest revision as of 22:46, 29 July 2020
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Mucormycosis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [2]
Overview
While most individuals are exposed to the fungi on a regular basis, those with immune disorders are more prone to an infection. In humans mucormycosis is most prevalent in immunocompromised patients (HIV/AIDS, the elderly, SCID, etc) and patients in acidosis (diabetes, burns), particularly after barrier injury to the skin or mucus membranes, malignancies such as lymphomas and leukemias, renal failure, organ transplant, long term corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy, cirrhosis, burns and energy malnutrition. Some 50-75% of patients diagnosed with mucormycosis are estimated to have underlying poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and ketoacidosis.
Risk factors
The following conditions predispose patients to mucormycosis:
- Immunodeficient states:
- Transplant recepients
- Diabetes (including diabetic ketoacidosis)
- AIDS
- Severe lymphocytopenia
- Malignancy
- Dialysis patients on Iron chelation therapy (deferoxamine).
- Conatct with contaminated surgical instruments.
- Major trauma [1]
- Iron overload
- Aluminium overload
References
- ↑ Binder U, Maurer E, Lass-Flörl C (2014). "Mucormycosis--from the pathogens to the disease". Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 20 Suppl 6: 60–6. doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12566. PMID 24476149.