Ketobemidone

Revision as of 16:42, 9 August 2012 by WikiBot (talk | contribs) (Robot: Automated text replacement (-{{SIB}} + & -{{EH}} + & -{{EJ}} + & -{{Editor Help}} + & -{{Editor Join}} +))
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Ketobemidone
File:Ketobemidon.svg
Clinical data
SynonymsKetobemidone, Cliradon, Cymidon, Ketogan, Ketorax
Routes of
administration
Oral, rectal, intravenous
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability34% (oral), 44% (rectal)
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
E number{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard{{#property:P2566}}Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC15H21NO2
Molar mass247.333 g/mol

WikiDoc Resources for Ketobemidone

Articles

Most recent articles on Ketobemidone

Most cited articles on Ketobemidone

Review articles on Ketobemidone

Articles on Ketobemidone in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Ketobemidone

Images of Ketobemidone

Photos of Ketobemidone

Podcasts & MP3s on Ketobemidone

Videos on Ketobemidone

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Ketobemidone

Bandolier on Ketobemidone

TRIP on Ketobemidone

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Ketobemidone at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Ketobemidone

Clinical Trials on Ketobemidone at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Ketobemidone

NICE Guidance on Ketobemidone

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Ketobemidone

CDC on Ketobemidone

Books

Books on Ketobemidone

News

Ketobemidone in the news

Be alerted to news on Ketobemidone

News trends on Ketobemidone

Commentary

Blogs on Ketobemidone

Definitions

Definitions of Ketobemidone

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Ketobemidone

Discussion groups on Ketobemidone

Patient Handouts on Ketobemidone

Directions to Hospitals Treating Ketobemidone

Risk calculators and risk factors for Ketobemidone

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Ketobemidone

Causes & Risk Factors for Ketobemidone

Diagnostic studies for Ketobemidone

Treatment of Ketobemidone

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Ketobemidone

International

Ketobemidone en Espanol

Ketobemidone en Francais

Business

Ketobemidone in the Marketplace

Patents on Ketobemidone

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Ketobemidone

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]


Ketobemidone is a powerful opioid analgesic. Its potency is equal to morphine, and it also has some NMDA-antagonist properties. This makes it useful for some types of pain that don't respond well to other opioids.

It is used for all types of severe pain, such as postoperative, cancer, kidney stones and fractures.

History

It was first synthesized in 1942 by Eisleb. The first study of it in man was published in 1946, and it was introduced in clinical medicine shortly after.

Chemistry

Ketobemidone is 1-methyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propionylpiperidine. It is usually available as the hydrochloride, which is a white powder. It is synthesized by alkylating (3-methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile with bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine, followed by reaction with ethylmagnesiumbromide, and finally O-demethylation with hydrobromic acid.

Pharmacology

Experiments on former addicts indicated it was more addictive than other opioids, so in 1954 the Economic and Social Council took a resolution urging governments to stop manufacture and use of ketobemidone[1] . As a result ketobemidone is mostly used in the Scandinavian countries, with Denmark topping the statistics[2] . This result was not in agreement with clinical observations, and another study in 1958 didn't find it more addictive than morphine[3]. That study noticed that while for morphine the dose for euphoria is the same as that for analgesia, for ketobemidone the analgesic dose was well below the euphoric dose.

Analgesia after 5-10 mg orally or 5-7.5 mg intravenously lasts 3-5 hours. Ketobemidone is also available in preparations with a spasmolytic, which can improve the analgesia.

Ketobemidone is mainly metabolised by conjugation of the phenolic hydroxyl group, and by N-desmethylation. Only about 16% is excreted unchanged.

Pfizer manufactures ketobemidone under the tradenames Ketogan and Ketorax. It is available as tablets, suppositories and injection fluid. A sustained release formulation exists sold as Ketodur in some countries containing 10 or 25 mg ketobemidone.

References

  1. UNODC. "Development of Synthetic Narcotic Drugs". Retrieved 2006-09-07.
  2. INCB. "Statistical information on narcotic drugs" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-09-07.
  3. Bondesson, Ulf (1982). "Biological fate of ketobemidone in man". Abstracts of Uppsala dissertations from the Faculty of Pharmacy. 68.

da:Ketogan sv:Ketobemidon

Template:WikiDoc Sources