Hypercalcemia differential diagnosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
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Overview
Differential Diagnosis
(In alphabetical order)
- Abnormal parathyroid gland function
- Acromegaly
- Acute osteoporosis
- Acute renal failure
- Addison's disease
- Adrenal insufficiency
- After kidney transplant
- Aluminum intoxication
- Aspirin (in large amounts)
- Autonomous hyperparathyroidism (post long-term renal failure)
- Bartter's Syndrome
- Berylliosis
- Bone fracture
- Breast cancer
- Bronchial carcinoma
- Carcinoma
- Chronic renal failure
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Cushing's syndrome
- Dehydration
- Drugs
- Familial hypocalcuric hypercalcemia
- Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) 146200)
- Gitelman syndrome
- Granulomatous diseases with tuberculosis
- Hematologic malignancy (multiple myeloma, lymphoma, leukemia)
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Histoplasmosis
- Hodgkin's Lymphoma
- Hyperparathyroidism (in the preceding oliguric-anuric phase)
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypervitaminosis D (vitamin D intoxication)
- Idiopathic hypercalcemia (in infants)
- Immobilization
- Isolated or multinodal adenoma
- Kidney cancer
- Leprosy
- Leukemia
- Lithium
- Lymphoma
- Malignancy
- Medullary sponge kidney
- Milk-alkali syndrome
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)
- Multiple myeloma
- Oral candidiasis
- Osteomalacia
- Ovarian cancer
- Paget's disease
- Paraplegia
- Parathyroid carcinoma (C75.0)
- Parathyroid hyperplasia
- Pheochromocytoma
- Plasma cell granuloma
- Polycythemia
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Primary Parathyroid hyperplasia
- Rebound hypercalcemia after rhabdomyolysis
- Renal failure
- Sarcoidosis
- Secretion of prostaglandins
- Severe secondary hyperparathyroidism
- Silicone-induced granuloma
- Sjogren's syndrome
- Solid tumor with humoral mediation of hypercalcemia (e.g. lung or kidney cancer, pheochromocytoma)
- Solid tumor with metastasis (e.g. breast cancer)
- Solitary parathyroid adenoma
- Thiazide diuretics
- Total parenteral nutrition
- Tuberculosis
- Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-producing tumor (VIPoma)
- Vitamin A intoxication
- Vitamin D intoxication
- Vitamin D metabolic disorders
- William's syndrome
Hypercalcemia must be differentiated from other causes of diabetes insipidus.
| Type of DI | Subclass | Disease | Defining signs and symptoms | Lab/Imaging findings |
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| Central | Acquired | Histiocytosis |
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| Craniopharyngioma |
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| Sarcoidosis |
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| Congenital | Hydrocephalus |
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Dilated ventricles on CT and MRI
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| Wolfram Syndrome (DIDMOAD) |
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| Nephrogenic | Acquired | Drug-induced (demeclocycline, lithium) |
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| Hypercalcemia |
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| Hypokalemia |
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| Multiple myeloma |
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| Sickle cell disease |
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| Primary polydipsia | Psychogenic |
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| Gestational diabetes insipidus |
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| Diabetes mellitus |
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References
- ↑ Ghosh KN, Bhattacharya A (1992). "Gonotrophic nature of Phlebotomus argentipes (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the laboratory". Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 34 (2): 181–2. PMID 1340034.