Cystitis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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Once [[bacteria]] enter the bladder, they are normally removed through urination. When bacteria multiply faster than they are removed by urination, [[infection]] results. | Once [[bacteria]] enter the bladder, they are normally removed through urination. When bacteria multiply faster than they are removed by urination, [[infection]] results. | ||
Cystitis is rare in males. Females are more prone to the development of cystitis because of their relatively shorter [[urethra]]. Bacteria does not have to travel as far to enter the [[bladder]], which is in part due to the relatively short distance between the opening of the [[urethra]] and the [[anus]]. | Cystitis is rare in males. Females are more prone to the development of cystitis because of their relatively shorter [[urethra]]. Bacteria does not have to travel as far to enter the [[bladder]], which is in part due to the relatively short distance between the opening of the [[urethra]] and the [[anus]]. | ||
==Associated Conditions== | ==Associated Conditions== |
Revision as of 14:12, 9 February 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D. Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2]
Overview
Cystitis occurs when the normally sterile lower urinary tract (urethra and bladder) is infected by bacteria, which leads to irritation and inflammation.The pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis includes epithelial dysfunction, mast cell activation, and bladder sensory nerve up-regulation.[1] The urothelium acts as a barrier against damage to the bladder. The urothelium produces a mucous layer which regulates the entry of potassium in the bladder interstitium. Damage to the urothelium results in the production of cytokines which activate mast cells in the interstitium. Mast cell activation is further triggered by the diffusion of excess potassium into the bladder interstitium.[2] Interstitial cystitis may be associated with irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and Sjogren's syndrome.[3]
Pathophysiology
Cystitis occurs when the normally sterile lower urinary tract (urethra and bladder) is infected by bacteria and becomes irritated and inflamed. It is very common. Once bacteria enter the bladder, they are normally removed through urination. When bacteria multiply faster than they are removed by urination, infection results. Cystitis is rare in males. Females are more prone to the development of cystitis because of their relatively shorter urethra. Bacteria does not have to travel as far to enter the bladder, which is in part due to the relatively short distance between the opening of the urethra and the anus.
Associated Conditions
Interstitial cystitis may be associated with:[3]
References
- ↑ Sant GR (2002). "Etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of interstitial cystitis". Rev Urol. 4 Suppl 1: S9–S15. PMC 1476007. PMID 16986036.
- ↑ French LM, Bhambore N (2011). "Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome". Am Fam Physician. 83 (10): 1175–81. PMID 21568251.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Interstitial Cystitis. Wikipedia.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_cystitis#Association_with_other_conditions Accessed on February 8, 2016