Cystitis physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2], Usama Talib, BSc, MD [3]
Overview
Patients with cystitis are usually well-appearing. Common physical examination finding of cystitis includes suprapubic tenderness. A focused physical examination is helpful in confirming the suspicion of cystitis and in ruling out alternate pathology.
Physical Examination
The following features can be found during a physical examination of a patient with cystitis. The patient must be in supine position to facilitate a proper examination.[1]
General Appearance of the Patient
- Patients with cystitis are usually normal in appearance and not in distress.[2]
Vital Signs
Skin
- Skin examination of patients with cystitis is usually normal.
HEENT
- HEENT examination of patients with cystitis is usually normal.
Neck
- Neck examination of patients with cystitis is usually normal.
Lungs
- Pulmonary examination of patients with cystitis is usually normal.
Heart
Abdomen
- Suprapubic tenderness[2]
Back
- Back examination of patients with cystitis is usually normal.
Genitourinary
- Suprapubic tenderness[2][5][6]
- Urethral discharge (if the cause is urethritis)
Neuromuscular
- Patient is usually oriented to persons, place, and time.
Extremities
- Extremities examination of patients with cystitis is usually normal.
References
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 9781455748013.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Colgan R, Williams M (2011). "Diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis". Am Fam Physician. 84 (7): 771–6. PMID 22010614.
- ↑ Chang SL, Shortliffe LD (2006). "Pediatric urinary tract infections". Pediatr Clin North Am. 53 (3): 379–400, vi. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2006.02.011. PMID 16716786.
- ↑ Azzarone G, Liewehr S, O'Connor K (2007). "Cystitis". Pediatr Rev. 28 (12): 474–6. doi:10.1542/pir.28-12-474. PMID 18055650.
- ↑ Brill JR (2010). "Diagnosis and treatment of urethritis in men". Am Fam Physician. 81 (7): 873–8. PMID 20353145.
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 9781455748013.