Acute diarrhea classification: Difference between revisions

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{{family tree | | | C01 | | C02 | | | | | C03 | | C04 | | | | | | C05 | | | C06 | | | C07 | | | |C01= •[[Shigella]] species ( S.dysentriae, S.flexneri, S.sonneii, S.boydii)<br>
{{family tree | | | C01 | | C02 | | | | | C03 | | C04 | | | | | | C05 | | | C06 | | | C07 | | | |C01= •[[Shigella]] species ( S.dysentriae, S.flexneri, S.sonneii, S.boydii)<br>
•E.coli species (Enterotoxigenic E.coli, Enterohemorrhagic E.coli, Enteroinvasive E.coli, EPEC, EAEC)<br>
•[[E.coli]] species (Enterotoxigenic E.coli, Enterohemorrhagic E.coli, Enteroinvasive E.coli, EPEC, EAEC)<br>
•[[Cryptosporidium parvum]]<br>
•[[Cryptosporidium parvum]]<br>
•[[Vibrio cholerae]], [[Vibrio parahemolyticus]]<br>
•[[Vibrio cholerae]], [[Vibrio parahemolyticus]]<br>
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•[[Noro virus]]<br>
•[[Noro virus]]<br>
•[[Rota virus]]<br>
•[[Rota virus]]<br>
•CMV<br>
•[[CMV]]<br>
•Norwalk virus<br>
•[[Norwalk virus]]<br>
•Influenza virus<br>
•[[Influenza virus]]<br>
•Rubeola virus<br>
•[[Rubeola virus]]<br>
•Dengue virus<br>
•[[Dengue virus]]<br>
•Human immunodeficiency virus<br>
•[[Human immunodeficiency virus]]<br>
| C03=
| C03=
•Cryptococcus<br>
•[[Cryptococcus]]<br>
•Candida albicans<br>
•[[Candida albicans]]<br>
| C04=
| C04=
•Giardia lamblia<br>
•[[Giardia lamblia]]<br>
•Microsporidia<br>
•[[Microsporidia]]<br>
•Isospora<br>
•[[Isospora]]<br>
|C05=  
|C05=  
•Digoxin<br>
•[[Digoxin]]<br>
•Cephalosporins<br>
•[[Cephalosporins]]<br>
•Thiazide diuretics<br>
•[[Thiazide diuretics]]<br>
•Triptans<br>
•[[Triptans]]<br>
•Lactulose<br>
•[[Lactulose]]<br>
•Anti retroviral agents<br>
•[[Anti retroviral agents]]<br>
•Chemotherapeutic agents<br>
•[[Chemotherapeutic agents]]<br>
•Antifungals<br>
•[[Antifungals]]<br>
•Magnesium<br>
•[[Magnesium]]<br>
| C06=  
| C06=  
•Organophosphate Poisoning<br>
•[[Organophosphate Poisoning]]<br>
•Opium withdrawal<br>
•[[Opium withdrawal]]<br>
| C07=
| C07=
•Hyperthyroidism<br>
•[[Hyperthyroidism]]<br>
•Irritable bowel syndrome<br>
•[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]<br>
•Lactose intolerance<br>
•[[Lactose intolerance]]<br>
•Tumors: VIPoma<br>
•[[Tumors]]: [[VIPoma]]<br>
•Short bowel syndrome<br>
•[[Short bowel syndrome]]<br>
•Radiation enteritis<br>
•[[Radiation enteritis]]<br>
}}
}}
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{{family tree| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{family tree| | | | |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| | | | C03 | | | |C03=
{{family tree| | | | |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| | | | C03 | | | |C03=
•Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis<br>
•[[Crohn’s disease]] or [[Ulcerative colitis]]<br>
•Cytomegalovirus<br>
•[[Cytomegalovirus]]<br>
•Herpes simplex<br>
•[[Herpes simplex]]<br>
•Strongyloidiasis<br>
•[[Strongyloidiasis]]<br>
•Aeromonas<br>
•[[Aeromonas]]<br>
•Plesiomonas<br>
•[[Plesiomonas]]<br>
•Ischemic colitis<br>
•[[Ischemic colitis]]<br>
•Radiation colitis}}
•[[Radiation colitis]]}}
{{family tree| | | | C01 | | | | | | | | C02 | | | | | | | |C01= Secretory| C02= Osmotic}}
{{family tree| | | | C01 | | | | | | | | C02 | | | | | | | |C01= Secretory| C02= Osmotic}}
{{family tree| | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | |}}
{{family tree| | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | |}}
{{family tree| | | | C01 | | | | | | | | C02 | | | | | | | | C01= •Cholera<br>
{{family tree| | | | C01 | | | | | | | | C02 | | | | | | | | C01= •Cholera<br>
•Enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli<br>
•Enterotoxigenic strains of [[E. coli]]<br>
•Factitious diarrhea from laxative abuse<br>
•Factitious diarrhea from [[laxative abuse]]<br>
•Aeromonas<br>
•[[Aeromonas]]<br>
•Plesiomonas<br>
•[[Plesiomonas]]<br>
•Microsporidia<br>
•[[Microsporidia]]<br>
•Giardia<br>
•[[Giardia]]<br>
•Coccidia<br>
•[[Coccidia]]<br>
•Cryptosporidium
•[[Cryptosporidium]]
| C02=  
| C02=  
•Lactase deficiency<br>
•[[Lactase deficiency]]<br>
•Lactulose<br>
•[[Lactulose]]<br>
•Laxative use/abuse<br>
•[[Laxative use/abuse]]<br>
•Whipple's disease}}
•[[Whipple's disease]]}}
{{Family tree/end}}
{{Family tree/end}}



Revision as of 19:03, 6 February 2018

Acute Diarrhea Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sudarshana Datta, MD [2]

Overview

Diarrhea is defined as passage of unformed or abnormally liquid stools at an increased frequency. Acute diarrhea has a duration of <2 weeks and may be classified on the basis of etiology and presentation. On the basis of etiology, acute diarrhea may be classified into infectious and non-infectious subtypes. Based on the type of presentation, acute diarrhea may be classified into watery and inflammatory types. Watery diarrhea may further be classified into secretory and osmotic types of diarrhea.

Classification

Classification based on etiology

  • Acute diarrhea may be classified according to etiology into infectious and non-infectious subtypes/groups. The infectious group may further be classified into bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoal subgroups. The non-infectious group is further classified into diarrhea due to medications, poisoning and systemic illnesses.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acute diarrhea
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Infectious
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Infectious
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bacterial
 
Viral
 
 
 
 
Fungal
 
Protozoa
 
 
 
 
 
Medications
 
 
Poisoning
 
 
Systemic illness
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shigella species ( S.dysentriae, S.flexneri, S.sonneii, S.boydii)

E.coli species (Enterotoxigenic E.coli, Enterohemorrhagic E.coli, Enteroinvasive E.coli, EPEC, EAEC)
Cryptosporidium parvum
Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahemolyticus
Clostridium perfringens
•Non-Typhoidal Salmonella: S.typhimurium, S.enterica
Campylobacter jejuni
Clostridium difficle
Yersinia enterocolitica
Staphylococcus aureus (staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome [TSS]
Aeromonas
Plesiomonas shigelloides
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (Shiga toxin producing E. coli ETEC)
Mycobacterium Avium complex
Bacillus cereus

Listeria monocytogenes
 
Astro virus

Calcivirus
Noro virus
Rota virus
CMV
Norwalk virus
Influenza virus
Rubeola virus
Dengue virus

Human immunodeficiency virus
 
 
 
 
Cryptococcus
Candida albicans
 
Giardia lamblia

Microsporidia

Isospora
 
 
 
 
 
Digoxin

Cephalosporins
Thiazide diuretics
Triptans
Lactulose
Anti retroviral agents
Chemotherapeutic agents
Antifungals

Magnesium
 
 
Organophosphate Poisoning
Opium withdrawal
 
 
Hyperthyroidism

Irritable bowel syndrome
Lactose intolerance
Tumors: VIPoma
Short bowel syndrome

Radiation enteritis
 
 
 

Classification based on presentation

  • Based on the type of presentation, acute diarrhea may be classified into watery and inflammatory types. Watery diarrhea may further be classified into secretory and osmotic types of diarrhea.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acute diarrhea
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Watery
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Inflammatory
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Crohn’s disease or Ulcerative colitis

Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex
Strongyloidiasis
Aeromonas
Plesiomonas
Ischemic colitis

Radiation colitis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Secretory
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Osmotic
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
•Cholera

•Enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli
•Factitious diarrhea from laxative abuse
Aeromonas
Plesiomonas
Microsporidia
Giardia
Coccidia

Cryptosporidium
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lactase deficiency

Lactulose
Laxative use/abuse

Whipple's disease
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

References

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