Cardiomyopathy causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

There is a very wide range of factors that can cause cardiomyopathy, ranging from infectious causes, toxins, genetic causes and other disease processes.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, arterial calcification of infancy, Brugada syndrome, cardiac transplant rejection, cardiomyopathy with myopathy due to COX deficiency, cardiomyopathy-diabetes-deafness complex, cardiomyopathy-hypogonadism-metabolic anomalies complex, cardiomyopathy-renal anomalies, chronic tachycardia, coronary artery disease, endomyocardial fibrosis, eosinophilic endomyocardial disease, facio-cardio-musculo-skeletal syndrome, giant cell myocarditis, hypertension, Keshan disease, left ventricular noncompaction, Loeffler endocarditis, myocarditis, Naxos disease, obesity-colitis-hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy-developmental delay, prolonged QT syndrome, x-linked dilated cardiomyopathy, x-linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy

Chemical / poisoning

Arsenic, cobalt, endothall, ethanol, lead, thallium, allylamine, carbon monoxide, toxic mushrooms

Dermatologic

Familial cutaneous collagenoma, lentiginosis, dermatomyositis, Carvajal-Huerta syndrome, Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome, McLeod syndrome, multiple lentigines syndrome, Naxos disease, pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA), Refsum disease

Drug Side Effect

5-fluorouracil, aclarubicin, actinomycin D, alemtuzumab, amrubicin, bleomycin, certolizumab pegol, cisplatin, clozapine, cyclophosphamide, dasatinib, daunorubicin, disopyramide, doxorubicin, epirubicin, fenfluramine, hydralazine, idarubicin, imatinib, interferon-alfa, mitoxantrone, paclitaxel, paracetamol, pirarubicin, pixantrone, streptomycin, sunitinib, tacrolimus, trastuzumab, tricyclic anti-depressant abuse, valrubicin

Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine

Acromegaly, amyloidosis, carcinoid syndrome, cardiomyopathy-diabetes-deafness complex, cardiomyopathy-hypogonadism-metabolic anomalies complex, celiac disease, cushing syndrome, diabetes Mellitus, gout, hemochromatosis, hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, obesity-colitis-hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy developmental delay, paraneoplastic syndromes, pheochromocytoma, pituitary tumor (growth hormone secreting), WAGR syndrome, Whipple's disease

Environmental Heatstroke, hypothermia, lightening strike, radiation
Gastroenterologic Hemochromatosis, obesity-colitis-hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy-developmental delay complex, Whipple's Disease
Genetic

Alpers' syndrome, Brugada syndrome, Carvajal-Huerta syndrome, chromosome 11, partial deletion, congenital disorders of glycosylation type 1a, congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2, Costello syndrome, desmin myopathy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, facio-cardio-musculo-skeletal syndrome, familial cardiomyopathy, Friedreich's ataxia, hereditary spherocytosis, Hurler syndrome, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia (Cantu syndrome), Keshan disease, Laing distal myopathy, LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy, metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, recessive type, mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency, multiple lentigines syndrome, muscular dystrophy, Naxos disease, Noonan syndrome, porphyria, prolonged QT syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Refsum disease, Salih myopathy, sarcoglycanopathy, syndromic microphthalmia type 7, WAGR syndrome, x-linked dilated cardiomyopathy, x-linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy, Yunis-Varon syndrome

Hematologic Hereditary spherocytosis
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease

Bacteria: Beta-hemolytic streptococci, brucella, diptheria, enterococci leptospirosis, Lyme disease, pertussis, psittacosis, Q fever, rheumatic fever rocky mountain spotted fever, staphylococcus, syphilis, tetanus, tuberculosis, typhoid fever

Virus: Adenovirus, arbovirus, coxsackie virus A, coxsackie virus B1-B5, cytomegalovirus (cmv), echo virus (enterocytopathogenic human orphan viruses), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), flavivirus, HIV, influenza, measles, mumps, poliomyelitis, rabies, varicella-zoster virus

Fungi: Aspergillosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis

Parasites: African trypanosomiasis, ascariasis, Chagas disease, cysticercosis, filariasis, leishmaniasis, loeffler endocarditis, malaria, sarcosporidiosis, schistosomiasis, toxoplasmosis, trichinosis

Musculoskeletal / Ortho

Arthrogryposis due to muscular dystrophy, cardiomyopathy with myopathy due to cox deficency, dermatomyositis, duchenne muscular dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, facio-cardio-musculo-skeletal syndrome, Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome, Kearns-Sayre syndrome, metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, recessive type, mitochondrial myopathy, muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy

Neurologic

Alpers' syndrome, Friedreich's ataxia, Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome, Kearns-Sayre syndrome, MELAS syndrome Whipple's disease

Nutritional / Metabolic

3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 4, beriberi (thiamine or vitamin B1), carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1a, carnitine deficiency, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency, coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency, congenital disorder of glycosylation, cytochrome C Oxidase deficiency, d-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency, Fabry disease, fatty infiltration of the heart, gangliosidosis, Gaucher's disease, glutaric acidemia type 2, gout, hemochromatosis, Hunter syndrome, Hurler syndrome, isobutyryl-Coa dehydrogenase deficiency, Keshan disease, kwashiorkor, long-chain Acyl Coa dehydrogenase deficiency, malonic aciduria, malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency, MELAS syndrome, mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency, mucopolysaccharidoses, Neimann-Pick disease, niacin deficiency, oxalosis, paraneoplastic syndromes, Pompe disease, porphyria, Refsum disease, respiratory chain complex I deficiency, s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency, scurvy, selenium deficiency, subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy (Leigh's disease), triosephosphate isomerase deficiency, Uremia vitamin B deficiency, vitamin D overdose

Obstetric/Gynecologic Peripartum cardiomyopathy
Oncologic

Angioma, myxomas, pituitary tumour (growth hormone secreting), rhabdomyoma, sarcoma, leukemia, WAGR syndrome, carcinoid syndrome

Opthalmologic

Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome, microphthalmia, syndromic 7, myotonic dystrophy, WAGR syndrome

Overdose / Toxicity

Alcohol, cobalt poisoning, cocaine abuse, oxalosis, paracetamol, tricyclic antidepressant abuse, vitamin D overdose

Psychiatric Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte

Hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, uremia, WAGR syndrome, MELAS syndrome

Rheum / Immune / Allergy

Gout, Kawasaki disease, polyarteritis nodosa, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus

Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous

Black widow spider bite, cardiac transplant rejection, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, stress-induced cardiomyopathy

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Genetic Causes of Cardiomyopathy

Phenotype Inheritance Pattern Chromosomal Locus Gene Protein Skeletal Myopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy X-linked Xp21 dystrophin Dystrophin Duchenne / Becker muscular dystrophy
X-linked Xq28 G4.5 Tafazzin Barth syndrome
Autosomal dominant 15q14 actin Actin Nemaline myopathy
2q35 desmin Desmin Desmin myopathy
5q33 δ-sarcoglycan δ-sarcoglycan Limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2F
1q32 Troponin T Troponin T
14q11 β-myosin heavy chain β-myosin heavy chain
15q2 α-tropomyosin α-tropomyosin Nemaline myopathy
Midna Mitochondrial respiratory chain Mitochondrial respiratory chain Mitochondrial myopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction disease Autosomal dominant 1q21 lamin A/C Lamin A/C Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Autosomal dominant 14q11 β-myosin heavy chain β-myosin heavy chain
14q11 β-myosin heavy chain β-myosin heavy chain
1q32 Troponin T Troponin T
12q23 Troponin T Troponin T
15q2 α-tropomyosin α-tropomyosin Nemaline myopathy
11q11 myosin-binding protein C myosin-binding protein C
3p21 myosin essential light chain myosin essential light chain
3p21 myosin regulatory light chain myosin regulatory light chain
2p31 titin Titin
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome 7q3 AMPK AMPK
MIDINA Mitochondrial respiratory chain Mitochondrial respiratory chain Mitochondrial myopathy
Left ventricular noncompaction X-linked Xq28 G4.5 Tafazzin Barth syndrome
Autosomal dominant 18q12 α-dystrobrevin α-dystrobrevin Muscular dystrophy

Table from article *"The Failing Heart". Nature. June 15, 2007

References

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