Pulmonary embolism epidemiology and demographics
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Editor(s)-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; The APEX Trial Investigators; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
Overview
Each year in United States, there are between 300,000-600,000 cases of pulmonary embolism (PE). If left untreated almost one-third of the patients die, typically from recurrent PE. However, with prompt diagnosis and treatment, the mortality rate is approximately 2–8%. Unfortunately, two-thirds of all PE cases are diagnosed by autopsy. [1] PE causes death in approximately 16% of hospitalized patients.
Epidemiology and Demographics
- Horlander et al analyzed multiple-cause mortality files compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics from 1979 to 1998. They reported that out of 42,932,973 deaths that occurred, almost 600,000 patients (approximately 1.5 percent) had been diagnosed with PE. They also theorized that PE caused the death of 200,000 of those patients.[2]
- The incidence rate of massive, submassive and low-risk pulmonary emboli are 5%, 40% and 55% respectively.
- Only 10-20% of VTE is clinically recognized, as depicted by the figure below.
Gender
Pulmonary embolism can occur in any gender.
Age
The prevalence of disease increases with age.
References
- ↑ American Heart Association. (2007). Venous Thromboembolism & Pulmonary Embolism - Statistical Fact Sheet: 2007 Update. Retreived from http://stopdvt.org/Documents/AMA%20Fact%20Sheet%20Current%20Research.pdf
- ↑ Horlander KT, Mannino DM, Leeper KV (2003). "Pulmonary embolism mortality in the United States, 1979-1998: an analysis using multiple-cause mortality data". Arch Intern Med. 163 (14): 1711–7. doi:10.1001/archinte.163.14.1711. PMID 12885687.