Cardiac tamponade anatomy

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the great vessels.

Layers

There are two layers to the pericardial sac: the fibrous pericardium and the serous pericardium. The serous pericardium, in turn, is divided into two layers, the parietal pericardium, which is fused to and inseparable from the fibrous pericardium, and the visceral pericardium, which is in fact the epicardium, or the outer surface of the heart.

In between the parietal and visceral pericardial layers there is a potential space called the pericardial cavity. It is normally lubricated by a film of pericardial fluid. Too much fluid in the cavity (such as in a pericardial effusion) can result in pericardial tamponade, which refers to compression of the heart within the pericardial sac.

Pericardial Sinuses

There are two small chambers or sinuses are located where the visceral and parietal pericardia are continuous with one another within the pericardial cavity.

The pericardial sinuses are:

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Diseases of the Pericardium


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