Hydrochlorothiazide detailed information

Hydrochlorothiazide detailed information

Clinical data
Pregnancy category	B (D if used to treat pregnancy-induced hypertension)
Routes of administration	Oral (capsules, tablets, oral solution)
ATC code	C03AA03 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Variably absorbed from GI tract
Elimination half-life	5.6-14.8 hours
Excretion	Primarily excreted unchanged in urine
Identifiers
IUPAC name 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H- 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine- 7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide
CAS Number	58-93-5
PubChem CID	3639
E number	{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard	{{#property:P2566}}
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C7H8ClN3O4S2
Molar mass	297.742

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Hydrochlorothiazide, sometimes abbreviated HCT, HCTZ, or HZT is a popular diuretic drug that acts by inhibiting the kidneys' ability to retain water. This reduces the volume of the blood, decreasing blood return to the heart and thus cardiac output and, by other mechanisms, is believed to lower peripheral vascular resistance. Hydrochlorothiazide is sold both as a generic drug and under a large number of brand names, including: Apo-Hydro, Aquazide H, Dichlotride, Hydrodiuril, HydroSaluric, Microzide, Oretic.

Activity

Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to the thiazide class of diuretics, acting on the kidneys to reduce sodium (Na) reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule. This reduces the osmotic pressure in the kidneys, causing less water to be reabsorbed by the collecting ducts. This leads to increased urinary output.

Indications

HCT is often used in the treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure, symptomatic edema and the prevention of kidney stones. It is effective for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (paradoxical effect, which decreases urine formation) and is also sometimes used for hypercalciuria and Dent's Disease.

Hypokalemia, an occasional side-effect, can be usually prevented by potassium supplements or combining hydrochlorothiazide with a potassium-sparing diuretic.

Side effects

• Hypokalemia
• Hypomagnesemia
• Hyperuricemia and gout
• High blood sugar
• High cholesterol
• Headache
• Impotence
• Nausea/Vomiting

NOTE: This list needs references. The NIH link provided below does not agree with several items on this list.

External links

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a682571.html

de:Hydrochlorothiazid hr:Hidroklorotiazid hu:Hidroklorotiazid no:Hydroklortiazid nn:Hydroklortiazid

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