Mucormycosis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Signs and symptoms of mucormycosis differ according to the organ system involvement. Severe infection of the facial sinuses, which may extend into the brain, is the most common presentation leading to proptosis, redness of skin above sinuses, mental status changes, dark scabbing in nasal cavities, fever and headache. Pulmonary mucormycosis may lead to development of cough, hemoptysis with or without chest pain and fever. Gastrointestinal mucormycosis presents as abdominal pain, hematemesis, diarrhea or constipation. | [[Medical sign|Signs]] and [[Symptom|symptoms]] of mucormycosis differ according to the [[organ system]] involvement. Severe [[infection]] of the facial [[sinuses]], which may extend into the [[brain]], is the most common presentation leading to [[proptosis]], redness of [[skin]] above [[sinuses]], mental status changes, dark scabbing in [[nasal cavities]], [[fever]] and [[headache]]. [[Pulmonary]] mucormycosis may lead to development of [[cough]], [[hemoptysis]] with or without chest pain and [[fever]]. [[Gastrointestinal tract|Gastrointestinal]] mucormycosis presents as [[abdominal]] pain, [[hematemesis]], [[diarrhea]] or [[constipation]]. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
Obtaining history is an important factor in making a diagnosis of mucormycosis since the signs and symptoms may be non-specific and mimic other conditions with similar presentations. Most mucormycosis infections are life-threatening, and develop in the presence of other risk factors such as diabetic ketoacidosis and neutropenia. Severe infection of the facial sinuses, which may extend into the brain, is the most common presentation. Pulmonary, cutaneous, and gastrointestinal (GI) infections are also recognized. | Obtaining history is an important factor in making a [[diagnosis]] of mucormycosis since the [[Medical sign|signs]] and [[Symptom|symptoms]] may be non-specific and mimic other conditions with similar presentations. Most mucormycosis infections are life-threatening, and develop in the presence of other risk factors such as [[diabetic ketoacidosis]] and [[neutropenia]]. Severe [[infection]] of the facial [[sinuses]], which may extend into the [[brain]], is the most common presentation. [[Pulmonary]], [[cutaneous]], and [[Gastrointestinal tract|gastrointestinal]] (GI) infections are also recognized. | ||
==Common Symptoms | ==Common Symptoms== | ||
Symptoms of '''rhinocerebral mucormycosis''' include: | Symptoms of '''rhinocerebral mucormycosis''' include: | ||
*Eyes that swell and stick out (protrude) | *[[Eye|Eyes]] that [[Swelling|swell]] and stick out (protrude) | ||
*Dark scabbing in nasal cavities | *Dark scabbing in [[nasal cavities]] | ||
*Fever | *[[Fever]] | ||
*Headache | *[[Headache]] | ||
*Mental status changes | *Mental status changes | ||
*Redness of skin above sinuses | *Redness of [[skin]] above [[sinuses]] | ||
*Sinus pain or congestion | *[[Sinus]] [[pain]] or [[congestion]] | ||
Symptoms of '''lung (pulmonary) mucormycosis''' include: | Symptoms of '''[[lung]] ([[pulmonary]]) mucormycosis''' include: | ||
*Cough | *[[Cough]] | ||
*Hemoptysis | *[[Hemoptysis]] | ||
*Fever | *[[Fever]] | ||
*Shortness of breath | *[[Shortness of breath]] | ||
Symptoms of [[gastrointestinal mucormycosis|'''gastrointestinal mucormycosis''']] include: | Symptoms of [[gastrointestinal mucormycosis|'''gastrointestinal mucormycosis''']] include: | ||
*Abdominal pain | *[[Abdominal]] [[pain]] | ||
*Blood in the stools | *[[Blood]] in the [[Human feces|stools]] | ||
*Diarrhea | *[[Diarrhea]] | ||
*Vomiting blood | *[[Vomiting]] [[blood]] | ||
*Inability to pass stools | *Inability to pass [[Human feces|stools]] | ||
Symptoms of | Symptoms of '''[[kidney]] ([[renal]]) mucormycosis''' include: | ||
*Fever | *[[Fever]] | ||
*Pain in the upper abdomen or back | *[[Pain]] in the upper [[abdomen]] or back | ||
*Hemeturia | *Hemeturia | ||
Symptoms of | Symptoms of '''[[skin]] ([[cutaneous]]) mucormycosis''' include: | ||
*A single, painful, hardened area of skin that may have a blackened center | *A single, painful, hardened area of skin that may have a blackened center. | ||
== Less Common Symptoms == | == Less Common Symptoms == | ||
Mucormycosis may present with atypical features and patient may have atypical signs and symptoms which include the following: | Mucormycosis may present with atypical features and patient may have atypical [[Medical sign|signs]] and [[Symptom|symptoms]] which include the following: | ||
* Maxillary necrosis (The infection begins in the nose and paranasal sinuses due to inhalation of fungal spores. The infection can spread to orbital and intracranial structures either by angioinvasion. The fungus invades the arteries leading to thrombosis and occlusion that subsequently causes necrosis of bone and soft | * [[Maxillary]] [[necrosis]] (The infection begins in the [[nose]] and [[Paranasal sinus|paranasal sinuses]] due to [[inhalation]] of [[fungal]] [[spores]]. The [[infection]] can spread to [[Orbit (anatomy)|orbital]] and intracranial structures either by angioinvasion. The [[fungus]] invades the [[arteries]] leading to [[thrombosis]] and occlusion that subsequently causes [[necrosis]] of [[bone]] and [[soft tissue]]<nowiki/>s) | ||
* Ophthalmoplegia (If there is invasion of the cavernous sinus by rhinocerebral disease) | * [[Ophthalmoplegia]] (If there is invasion of the [[cavernous sinus]] by rhinocerebral disease) | ||
* Seizures | * [[Seizure|Seizures]] | ||
* Paralysis (Secondary to intracranial hemorrhage causes by cerebral invasion) | * [[Paralysis]] (Secondary to [[intracranial hemorrhage]] causes by [[Cerebral|cerebral invasion]]) | ||
* Rhinorrhea | * [[Rhinorrhea]] | ||
* Cephalea | * Cephalea | ||
* | * [[Palpebrae|Palpebra]]<nowiki/>l [[edema]] | ||
* Facial edema | * Facial [[edema]] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | |||
Revision as of 15:25, 13 June 2017
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Mucormycosis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [2]
Overview
Signs and symptoms of mucormycosis differ according to the organ system involvement. Severe infection of the facial sinuses, which may extend into the brain, is the most common presentation leading to proptosis, redness of skin above sinuses, mental status changes, dark scabbing in nasal cavities, fever and headache. Pulmonary mucormycosis may lead to development of cough, hemoptysis with or without chest pain and fever. Gastrointestinal mucormycosis presents as abdominal pain, hematemesis, diarrhea or constipation.
History
Obtaining history is an important factor in making a diagnosis of mucormycosis since the signs and symptoms may be non-specific and mimic other conditions with similar presentations. Most mucormycosis infections are life-threatening, and develop in the presence of other risk factors such as diabetic ketoacidosis and neutropenia. Severe infection of the facial sinuses, which may extend into the brain, is the most common presentation. Pulmonary, cutaneous, and gastrointestinal (GI) infections are also recognized.
Common Symptoms
Symptoms of rhinocerebral mucormycosis include:
- Eyes that swell and stick out (protrude)
- Dark scabbing in nasal cavities
- Fever
- Headache
- Mental status changes
- Redness of skin above sinuses
- Sinus pain or congestion
Symptoms of lung (pulmonary) mucormycosis include:
Symptoms of gastrointestinal mucormycosis include:
Symptoms of kidney (renal) mucormycosis include:
Symptoms of skin (cutaneous) mucormycosis include:
- A single, painful, hardened area of skin that may have a blackened center.
Less Common Symptoms
Mucormycosis may present with atypical features and patient may have atypical signs and symptoms which include the following:
- Maxillary necrosis (The infection begins in the nose and paranasal sinuses due to inhalation of fungal spores. The infection can spread to orbital and intracranial structures either by angioinvasion. The fungus invades the arteries leading to thrombosis and occlusion that subsequently causes necrosis of bone and soft tissues)
- Ophthalmoplegia (If there is invasion of the cavernous sinus by rhinocerebral disease)
- Seizures
- Paralysis (Secondary to intracranial hemorrhage causes by cerebral invasion)
- Rhinorrhea
- Cephalea
- Palpebral edema
- Facial edema