Sandbox ID Head and Neck: Difference between revisions

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===Anthrax, oropharyngeal===
===Anthrax, oropharyngeal===
*Post exposure prophylaxis <ref name="pmid24447897">{{cite journal| author=Hendricks KA, Wright ME, Shadomy SV, Bradley JS, Morrow MG, Pavia AT et al.| title=Centers for disease control and prevention expert panel meetings on prevention and treatment of anthrax in adults. | journal=Emerg Infect Dis | year= 2014 | volume= 20 | issue= 2 | pages=  | pmid=24447897 | doi=10.3201/eid2002.130687 | pmc=PMC3901462 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24447897  }} </ref>
 
:*Preferred regimen : [[ciprofloxacin]], 500 mg every 12 h {{or}} [[doxycycline]], 100 mg every 12 h {{or}} [[levofloxacin]], 750 mg every 24 h {{or}} [[moxifloxacin]], 400 mg every 24 h {{or}} [[clindamycin]], 600 mg every 8 h
:*Alternatives for penicillin-susceptible strains [[amoxicillin]], 1 g every 8 h {{or}} [[penicillin]] VK, 500 mg every 6 h
* Oropharyngeal anthrax<ref name="pmid21852539">{{cite journal| author=Sweeney DA, Hicks CW, Cui X, Li Y, Eichacker PQ| title=Anthrax infection. | journal=Am J Respir Crit Care Med | year= 2011 | volume= 184 | issue= 12 | pages= 1333-41 | pmid=21852539 | doi=10.1164/rccm.201102-0209CI | pmc=PMC3361358 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21852539  }} </ref>
* Oropharyngeal anthrax<ref name="pmid21852539">{{cite journal| author=Sweeney DA, Hicks CW, Cui X, Li Y, Eichacker PQ| title=Anthrax infection. | journal=Am J Respir Crit Care Med | year= 2011 | volume= 184 | issue= 12 | pages= 1333-41 | pmid=21852539 | doi=10.1164/rccm.201102-0209CI | pmc=PMC3361358 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21852539  }} </ref>
:* Preferred regimen: ([[Ciprofloxacin]] 400 mg IV q8h {{or}} [[Doxycycline]] 100 mg IV q12h) {{and}} ([[Clindamycin]] 600 mg IV q8h {{or}} [[Penicillin G]] 4 MU IV q4-6h {{or}} [[Meropenem]] 1 g IV q6-8h {{or}} [[Rifampin]] 300 mg IV q12h)
:* Preferred regimen: ([[Ciprofloxacin]] 400 mg IV q8h {{or}} [[Doxycycline]] 100 mg IV q12h) {{and}} ([[Clindamycin]] 600 mg IV q8h {{or}} [[Penicillin G]] 4 MU IV q4-6h {{or}} [[Meropenem]] 1 g IV q6-8h {{or}} [[Rifampin]] 300 mg IV q12h)

Revision as of 18:02, 9 June 2015

Anthrax, oropharyngeal

  • Oropharyngeal anthrax[1]
Note: Treatment for 60 days is recommended to avoid relapse or breakthrough of incubating disease. If initial therapy is intravenous, then convert to oral administration (Ciprofloxacin or Doxycycline) when clinically indicated. Steroids may be considered as an adjunct therapy for patients with severe edema and for meningitis. For pregnant women, avoid Doxycycline. Use Ciprofloxacin and switch to oral penicillin once susceptibilities are known.

Buccal cellulitis

  • Buccal cellulitis

Cervico-facial actinomycosis

  • Cervico-facial actinomycosis[2]

Deep neck infection

  • Empiric treatment
  • Either penicillin in combination with a β-lactamase inhibitor (such as amoxicillin or ticarcillin with clavulanic acid) or a β-lactamase–resistant antibiotic (such as cefoxitin, cefuroxime, imipenem, or meropenem) in combination with a drug that is highly effective against most anaerobes (such as clindamycin or metronidazole)
  • Vancomycin should be considered for empiric therapy in intravenous drug
  • Ceftriaxone and clindamycin can be used as empiric therapy against community-acquired MRSA

Facial cellulitis

Mastoiditis

Mastoiditis, Acute

  • Mastoiditis

Mastoiditis, Chronic

Odontogenic infection

Orbital cellulitis

  • Orbital cellulitis

Oropharyngeal candidiasis

  • Oropharyngeal candidiasis[3]

Otitis externa

  • Otitis externa [4]

Otitis externa, Chronic

  • Otitis externa [4]

Otitis externa, Fungal

  • Otitis externa [4]
  • Preferred Regimen : Fluconazole 200 mg po x 1 dose, then 100 mg po x 3–5 days

Otitis externa, Malignant

  • Otitis externa [4]

Otitis externa, Swimmer's ear

  • Otitis externa [5]

Otitis media

Otitis media, Acute

  • Otitis media [6]

Otitis media, Post-intubation

Otitis media, Prophylaxis

Otitis media, Treatment failure

  • Otitis media [6]

Parotitis

  • Preferred treatment
  • MSSA : Nafcillin or oxacillin 2 gm IV q4h
  • MRSA : vancomycin

jrp B-lactam antibiotics (Penicillin VK or Amoxicillin–clavulanate for staphylococcal coverage)

Short-term, low-dose corticosteroid therapy can reduce inflammation and promote faster restoration of glandular function.


viral

Currently, the accepted treatment for mumps includes supportive care consisting of hydration, oral hygiene and bed rest


References

  1. Sweeney DA, Hicks CW, Cui X, Li Y, Eichacker PQ (2011). "Anthrax infection". Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 184 (12): 1333–41. doi:10.1164/rccm.201102-0209CI. PMC 3361358. PMID 21852539.
  2. Wong VK, Turmezei TD, Weston VC (2011). "Actinomycosis". BMJ. 343: d6099. doi:10.1136/bmj.d6099. PMID 21990282.
  3. Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes D, Benjamin DK, Calandra TF, Edwards JE; et al. (2009). "Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Clin Infect Dis. 48 (5): 503–35. doi:10.1086/596757. PMID 19191635.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Rosenfeld RM, Schwartz SR, Cannon CR, Roland PS, Simon GR, Kumar KA; et al. (2014). "Clinical practice guideline: acute otitis externa executive summary". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 150 (2): 161–8. doi:10.1177/0194599813517659. PMID 24492208.
  5. Dohar JE (2003). "Evolution of management approaches for otitis externa". Pediatr Infect Dis J. 22 (4): 299–305, quiz 306-8. doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000059444.02851.1e. PMID 12690268.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Lieberthal AS, Carroll AE, Chonmaitree T, Ganiats TG, Hoberman A, Jackson MA; et al. (2013). "The diagnosis and management of acute otitis media". Pediatrics. 131 (3): e964–99. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-3488. PMID 23439909.