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{{Menopause}}
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== Overview ==
==Overview==
Patients with menopause usually well-appearing. Physical examination of patients with menopause is usually remarkable for elevated blood pressure, weight gain, decreased breast size, pale and dryness vagina, decrease ovary size, decrease uterus size
[[Women]] with [[menopause]] are usually well-appearing. Common [[physical examination]] of [[women]] with [[menopause]] include [[elevated blood pressure]], [[hot flushes]], [[weight gain]], change of [[breast]] size, [[Vaginal|vaginal atrophy]], [https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/biology-of-the-female-reproductive-system/female-external-genital-organs#:~:text=The%20external%20genital%20organs%20include,sperm%20to%20enter%20the%20body external genital organs] become thinner. In premature menopause, [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/turner-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20360782 Signs of Turner syndrome], and [https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/commonsymptoms Signs of Fragil X syndrome].
==Physical Examination==


== Physical Examination ==
===='''General Appearance:'''====
[[Women]] with natural  [[menopause]] usually well appearing.


==== '''General Appearance''' ====
====Vital Signs''':.'''====


* Women with menopause usually well appearing.<br />
*[[Elevated blood pressure]] may be noted in [[women]] with [[menopause]]<ref name="pmid19247469">{{cite journal| author=Maas AH, Franke HR| title=Women's health in menopause with a focus on hypertension. | journal=Neth Heart J | year= 2009 | volume= 17 | issue= 2 | pages= 68-72 | pmid=19247469 | doi=10.1007/BF03086220 | pmc=2644382 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19247469  }} </ref>
*Other [[vital signs]] ( [[heart rate]], [[respiratory rate]], [[temperature]]) are normal.


==== Vital Signs ====
====Face Sign:====


* Elevated blood pressure may be noted in menopausal women.
*[[Hot flushes]]


* Other vital signs are normal include heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature.
====Genital Signs:<ref name="pmid30601037">{{cite journal| author=Cagnacci A, Xholli A, Sclauzero M, Venier M, Palma F, Gambacciani M | display-authors=etal| title=Vaginal atrophy across the menopausal age: results from the ANGEL study. | journal=Climacteric | year= 2019 | volume= 22 | issue= 1 | pages= 85-89 | pmid=30601037 | doi=10.1080/13697137.2018.1529748 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30601037  }} </ref>====


<br />
*Pale and [[Vaginal dryness|dryness]] of the [[vagina]]
*[[Vaginal atrophy]]
*The [https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/biology-of-the-female-reproductive-system/female-external-genital-organs#:~:text=The%20external%20genital%20organs%20include,sperm%20to%20enter%20the%20body external genital organs] are thin


==== Genitourinary ====
====Premature menopause signs:<ref name="pmid19196677">{{cite journal| author=Nelson LM| title=Clinical practice. Primary ovarian insufficiency. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2009 | volume= 360 | issue= 6 | pages= 606-14 | pmc=2762081 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19196677  }} </ref>====


* vagina: pale, atrophy and dryness
*[https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/turner-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20360782 Signs of Turner syndrome]: such as [[short stature]], [[webbed neck]], and arched palate.
* Ovaries: decreased in size and no palpated by pelvic examenation
*[https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/commonsymptoms Signs of Fragil X syndrome]: such as [[dementia]], [[intellectual disability]], [[ataxia]] or [[tremor]].
* Uterus: small size
*[https://www.medicinenet.com/thyroid_disease_symptoms_and_signs/article.htm Signs of Thyroid disorder]: such as [[Goiter]], [[weight gain]].<ref name="pmid23998691">{{cite journal| author=del Ghianda S, Tonacchera M, Vitti P| title=Thyroid and menopause. | journal=Climacteric | year= 2014 | volume= 17 | issue= 3 | pages= 225-34 | pmid=23998691 | doi=10.3109/13697137.2013.838554 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23998691  }} </ref>


==== Breast atrophy ====
* [[skin pigmentation]]: such as [[Vitiligo]], [[hyperpigmentation]].


==== Weight gain ====
==== Other sign:<ref name="pmid15223108">{{cite journal| author=den Tonkelaar I, Peeters PH, van Noord PA| title=Increase in breast size after menopause: prevalence and determinants. | journal=Maturitas | year= 2004 | volume= 48 | issue= 1 | pages= 51-7 | pmid=15223108 | doi=10.1016/j.maturitas.2003.10.002 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15223108  }} </ref> ====
 
*Change b[[Breast|reast]] size.
*[[weight gain]]
*[[Dry skin]]





Latest revision as of 04:32, 16 February 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Rahmah Al-Edresi, M.D.[2]

Overview

Women with menopause are usually well-appearing. Common physical examination of women with menopause include elevated blood pressure, hot flushes, weight gain, change of breast size, vaginal atrophy, external genital organs become thinner. In premature menopause, Signs of Turner syndrome, and Signs of Fragil X syndrome.

Physical Examination

General Appearance:

Women with natural menopause usually well appearing.

Vital Signs:.

Face Sign:

Genital Signs:[2]

Premature menopause signs:[3]

Other sign:[5]


References

  1. Maas AH, Franke HR (2009). "Women's health in menopause with a focus on hypertension". Neth Heart J. 17 (2): 68–72. doi:10.1007/BF03086220. PMC 2644382. PMID 19247469.
  2. Cagnacci A, Xholli A, Sclauzero M, Venier M, Palma F, Gambacciani M; et al. (2019). "Vaginal atrophy across the menopausal age: results from the ANGEL study". Climacteric. 22 (1): 85–89. doi:10.1080/13697137.2018.1529748. PMID 30601037.
  3. Nelson LM (2009). "Clinical practice. Primary ovarian insufficiency". N Engl J Med. 360 (6): 606–14. PMC 2762081.
  4. del Ghianda S, Tonacchera M, Vitti P (2014). "Thyroid and menopause". Climacteric. 17 (3): 225–34. doi:10.3109/13697137.2013.838554. PMID 23998691.
  5. den Tonkelaar I, Peeters PH, van Noord PA (2004). "Increase in breast size after menopause: prevalence and determinants". Maturitas. 48 (1): 51–7. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2003.10.002. PMID 15223108.


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