Menopause prevention
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Menopause Microchapters |
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Menopause prevention On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Menopause prevention |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Rahmah Al-Edresi, M.D.[2]
Overview
Menopause is not preventable. Early menopause are preventable with the following strategie such as stop smoking, healthy food, regular exercies. Secondary prevention of menopause include HRT, followup of associated medical diseases and postmenopausal bleeding. Early determination of these conditions is very important in terms of morbidity/mortality and cost of the treatment.
Primary Prevention
There are no primary preventive measures available for natural menopause, but there are primary preventive measures available for early menopause include:
- Stop smoking.
- Treat menstrual disorders.
- Regular exercise.
- Maintain a normal weight.
- Eat healthy foods especially those rich in phytoestrogen, vegetables, fruit.
- Avoid stress.[1][2]
Secondary Prevention
Secondary prevention strategies following menopause include:
- Hormonal Replacement Therapy, do not recommend for the prevention of chronic conditions associated with menopause, but some studies recommended HRT as a preventive strategy, but in low dose and short duration.
- Manage of other chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes Mellitus, cardiovascular disease.
- Manage postmenopausal bleeding.
- Eat foods rich in calcium and vitamin D.[3][4][5]
References
- ↑ Keller C, Fullerton J, Fleury J (1998). "Primary and secondary prevention strategies among older postmenopausal women". J Nurse Midwifery. 43 (4): 262–72. doi:10.1016/s0091-2182(98)00014-7. PMID 9718881.
- ↑ Mikkelsen TF, Graff-Iversen S, Sundby J, Bjertness E (2007). "Early menopause, association with tobacco smoking, coffee consumption and other lifestyle factors: a cross-sectional study". BMC Public Health. 7: 149. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-149. PMC 1937001. PMID 17617919.
- ↑ Gartlehner G, Patel SV, Feltner C, Weber RP, Long R, Mullican K; et al. (2017). "Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force". JAMA. 318 (22): 2234–2249. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.16952. PMID 29234813. Review in: BMJ Evid Based Med. 2018 Dec;23(6):231-232
- ↑ US Preventive Services Task Force. Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Owens DK, Barry MJ, Davidson KW; et al. (2017). "Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement". JAMA. 318 (22): 2224–2233. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.18261. PMID 29234814. Review in: Ann Intern Med. 2018 Mar 20;168(6):JC26
- ↑ Lobo RA, Davis SR, De Villiers TJ, Gompel A, Henderson VW, Hodis HN; et al. (2014). "Prevention of diseases after menopause". Climacteric. 17 (5): 540–56. doi:10.3109/13697137.2014.933411. PMID 24969415.