Cardiac arrhythmia

Resident Survival Guide

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. [2]

Overview

Cardiac arrhythmia is any of a large and heterogeneous group of conditions in which there is abnormal electrical activity in the heart. The heart beat may be too fast or too slow, and may be regular or irregular. A heart beat that is too fast is called tachycardia and a heartbeat that is too slow is called bradycardia. Although many arrhythmias are not life-threatening, some can cause cardiac arrest.

Classification of Cardiac Arrhythmia

Arrhythmia

Bradyarrhythmia

Arrhythmia with normal heart rate

Tachyarrhythmia

The origin of the impulse: Atria

The origin of the impulse: AV junction

The origin of the impulse: Ventricles

Sinus arrhythmia Atrial bigeminy

Accelerated junctional rhythm Junctional bigeminy

Accelerated idioventricular rhythm Ventricular bigeminy

The origin of the impulse: Atria

The origin of the impulse: AV junction

The origin of the impulse: Ventricles

Narrow complex tachycardia (SVT)

Wide complex tachycardia

Normal variant: Respiratory sinus arrhythmia Sinus node dysfunction: Sinus bradycardia Sinoatrial block Sinus arrest Sick sinus syndrome Abnormality in the atria: Low atrial focus bradycardia Atrial bigeminy AV node dysfunction: First degree AV block Second degree AV block Complete or third-degree AV block

Junctional escape rhythm Junctional bigeminy

Isorhythmic A-V dissociation Slow VT (idioventricular rhythm) Ventricular escape rhythm Escape capture bigeminy

The origin of the impulse: Atria

The origin of the impulse: AV junction

The origin of the impulse: Atria or AV junction

The origin of the impulse: Ventricles

Atrial fibrillation Atrial flutter Ectopic atrial rhythm Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) with block Premature atrial contractions (PAC) Sinus tachycardia Wandering atrial pacemaker Sick sinus syndrome

AVNRT AVRT (accessory pathway): - Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) - Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome (LGL)

Accelerated junctional rhythm Junctional ectopic tachycardia

SVTAC (SVT with aberrant conduction): Left bundle branch block Left anterior hemi-block Lefo posterior hemi-block Right bundle branch block Trifascicular block

Ventricular tachycardia Ventricular fibrillation Ventricular parasystole Ventricular bigeminy

The origin of the impulse: Atria, AV junction or ventricles Presence of an accessory pathway

The origin of the impulse: Pacemaker

Accessory pathway Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome (LGL)

Paced rhythm Pacemaker-mediated tachycardia Runaway pacemaker syndrome Sensor induced tachycardia

Cardiac Arrhythmias in Alphabetical Order

• Accelerated idioventricular rhythm

• Accessory pathway

• Andersen–Tawil syndrome

• Artificial pacemaker

• Atrial fibrillation

• Atrial flutter

• Atrial tachycardia

• AV nodal reentrant tachycardia

• AV reentrant tachycardia

• Bradycardia

• Broad complex tachycardia

• Bundle of His

• Bundle of Kent

• Cardiac arrhythmia following heart transplantation

• Ectopic atrial rhythm

• First degree AV block

• Focal atrial tachycardia

• Heart transplantation associated arrhythmias

• Idioventricular rhythm

• Isorhythmic A-V Dissociation

• Junctional bradycardia

• Junctional tachycardia

• Left anterior hemiblock

• Left bundle branch block

• Left posterior fascicular block

• Low atrial focus tachycardia

• Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome

• Mahaim fibers

• Multifocal atrial tachycardia

• Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

• Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) with Block

• Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

• Premature atrial contraction

• Right bundle branch block

• Runaway pacemaker syndrome

• Second degree AV block

• Sensor induced tachycardia

• Sick sinus syndrome

• Sinoatrial nodal reentry tachycardia

• Sinus arrhythmia

• Sinus bradycardia

• Sinus tachycardia

• Slow VT

• Supraventricular tachycardia

• SVT with aberrancy

• Tachycardia

• Tachycardia bradycardia syndrome

• Third degree AV block

• Trifascicular block

• Ventricular escape

• Ventricular fibrillation

• Ventricular parasystole

• Ventricular tachycardia

• Wandering atrial pacemaker

• Wide complex tachycardias

• Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Cardiac arrhythmia developed by WikiDoc.org

Drug Side Effect

• Agalsidase beta
• Bromocriptine
• Calcium gluconate.
• Caspofungin acetate.
• Cefotaxime sodium.
• Clomifene.
• Crizotinib.
• Cyclobenzaprine.
• Cyclophosphamide.
• Dipivefrine
• Doxorubicin Hydrochloride.
• Gadoterate
• Granisetron
• Idarubicin hydrochloride
• Idursulfase
• interferon alfacon-1
• Tretinoin.
• Meprobamate
• Metaproterenol
• Muromonab-CD3
• Nabilone
• Nalmefene.
• Omacetaxine
• Oprelvekin
• Oxaprozin
• Oxytocin.
• Pegylated interferon alfa-2b
• Pentamidine
• Pilocarpine
• Prednisolone.
• Rubidium Rb 82
• Sargramostim
• Sorafenib.
• Sodium phenylbutyrate
• Laxatives like sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate.
• Teniposide
• Valdecoxib,

Contraindicated medications

Cardiac arrhythmia is considered an absolute contraindication to the use of the following medications:

• Cyclobenzaprine
• Metaproterenol
• Sumatriptan

References

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