Acinic cell carcinoma pathophysiology
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ramyar Ghandriz MD[2]
Overview
Acinic cell carcinoma, a salivary gland tumor, mainly develop in parotid gland (81000 out of 100000), less common, it occurs in the submandibular gland and minor salivary glands of palate. It belongs to the family of adenocarcinoma with similarities like: Adenoid cystic, Muco-epidermoid, low-grade adenocarcinoma, some breast cancers. The development of acinic cell carcinoma is the result of multiple genetic mutations that suggest association of tumor suppression genes such as: chromosome 5q, chromosome 6p, chromosome 17p, deletions of chromosome 6q, loss of chromosome Y, Trisomy 21, molecular studies suggest that retinoblastoma pathway also can be involved with acinic cell carcinoma.
Pathophysiology
- Acinic cell carcinoma mainly develop parotid gland (81000 out of 100000), less common, it occurs in the submandibular gland and minor salivary glands of palate.[1]
- Acinic cell carcinoma belongs to the family of adenocarcinoma and share many similarities include:
- Adenoid cystic
- Muco-epidermoid
- Low-grade adenocarcinoma
- Some breast cancers
Genetics
- The development of acinic cell carcinoma is the result of multiple genetic mutations that suggest association of tumor suppression genes such as:[2][3][4]
- Deletions of chromosome 6q
- Loss of chromosome Y
- Trisomy 21
- Molecular studies suggest that retinoblastoma pathway also can be involved with acinic cell carcinoma.
Gross Pathology
- On gross pathology, acinic cell carcinoma usually presents as a solitary, encapsulated, soft tumor of gray-white appearance.[5][6]
- In case of recurrent lesions, the tumor is often lobulated without capsule with necrosis area.
Microscopic Pathology
- On microscopic histopathological acinar cell carcinoma is defined by serous acinar cell differentiation.[9][10][11][12]
- Several growth patterns are recognized:
- Non-specific glandular
- Solid-lobular
- Microcystic
- Papillary-cystic
- Follicular
- Several cell types and their own differentiation are recognized:
- Acinar cells
- Intercalated ductal cells
- Vacuolated cells
- Clear cells
References
- ↑ Federspil, P. A.; Constantinidis, J.; Karapantzos, I.; Pahl, S.; Markmann, H.-U.; Iro, H. (2001). "Azinuszellkarzinome der Glandula parotidea". HNO. 49 (10): 825–830. doi:10.1007/s001060170031. ISSN 0017-6192.
- ↑ El-Naggar, Adel K; Abdul-Karim, Fadi W; Hurr, Kenneth; Callender, David; Luna, Mario A; Batsakis, John G (1998). "Genetic Alterations in Acinic Cell Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland Determined by Microsatellite Analysis". Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 102 (1): 19–24. doi:10.1016/S0165-4608(97)00273-2. ISSN 0165-4608.
- ↑ Sandros J, Mark J, Happonen RP, Stenman G (1988). "Specificity of 6q- markers and other recurrent deviations in human malignant salivary gland tumors". Anticancer Res. 8 (4): 637–43. PMID 3178153.
- ↑ Liu, T; Zhu, E; Wang, L; Okada, T; Yamaguchi, A; Okada, N (2005). "Abnormal expression of Rb pathway–related proteins in salivary gland acinic cell carcinoma". Human Pathology. 36 (9): 962–970. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2005.06.014. ISSN 0046-8177.
- ↑ "Tumors of the Salivary Glands, Atlas of Tumor Pathology: Third Series, Fascicle 17 G. L. Ellis and P. L. Auclair. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington D.C. ISBN: 1 881041 26 3 (Printed). 1996. Price: $69.00. ISBN: 1 881041 41 7 (CD-ROM). 1998. Price: $65.00". The Journal of Pathology. 192 (4): 564–565. 2000. doi:10.1002/1096-9896(200012)192:4<564::AID-PATH737>3.0.CO;2-M. ISSN 0022-3417.
- ↑ Cha, Wonjae; Kim, Min-Su; Ahn, Jae-Chul; Cho, Sung-Woo; Sunwoo, Woongsang; Song, Chang Myeon; Kwon, Tack-Kyun; Sung, Myung-Whun; Kim, Kwang Hyun (2011). "Clinical Analysis of Acinic Cell Carcinoma in Parotid Gland". Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology. 4 (4): 188. doi:10.3342/ceo.2011.4.4.188. ISSN 1976-8710.
- ↑ Sherwani, Rana; Akhtar, Kafil; Ahmad, Murad; Hasan, Abrar (2011). "Cytologic diagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma of minor salivary gland: a distinct rarely described entity". Clinics and Practice. 1 (3): 58. doi:10.4081/cp.2011.e58. ISSN 2039-7283.
- ↑ Ishikawa, S; Ishikawa, H; Fuyama, S; Kobayashi, T; Waki, T; Taira, Y; Iino, M (2016). "Report of a case of acinic cell carcinoma of the upper lip and review of Japanese cases of acinic cell carcinoma of the minor salivary glands". Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry: 0–0. doi:10.4317/jced.53049. ISSN 1989-5488.
- ↑ Spiro, Ronald H.; Huvos, Andrew G.; Strong, Elliot W. (1978). "Acinic cell carcinoma of salivary origin.A clinicopathologic study of 67 cases". Cancer. 41 (3): 924–935. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197803)41:3<924::AID-CNCR2820410321>3.0.CO;2-L. ISSN 0008-543X.
- ↑ Batsakis, John G.; Luna, Mario A.; El-Naggar, Adel K. (2016). "Histopathologic Grading of Salivary Gland Neoplasms: II. Acinic Cell Carcinomas". Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 99 (11): 929–933. doi:10.1177/000348949009901115. ISSN 0003-4894.
- ↑ Lewis, Jean E.; Olsen, Kerry D.; Weiland, Louis H. (1991). "Acinic cell carcinoma. Clinicopathologic review". Cancer. 67 (1): 172–179. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19910101)67:1<172::AID-CNCR2820670129>3.0.CO;2-X. ISSN 0008-543X.
- ↑ Seifert, Gerhard (1992). "Histopathology of malignant salivary gland tumours". European Journal of Cancer Part B: Oral Oncology. 28 (1): 49–56. doi:10.1016/0964-1955(92)90013-Q. ISSN 0964-1955.
- ↑ Geiger, Jessica L.; García, Joaquín J.; Price, Katharine A.R. (2014). "Acinic Cell Carcinoma of the Salivary Gland with Metastatic Spread to the Pancreas". Case Reports in Oncology. 7 (1): 195–198. doi:10.1159/000360395. ISSN 1662-6575.