Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease

This article is about an enzyme. For the non-profit organization, see Professional Associations Research Network.

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External IDs	GeneCards: [1]
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Species	Human	Mouse
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Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN), also known as polyadenylate-specific ribonuclease or deadenylating nuclease (DAN), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PARN gene.

Function

Exonucleolytic degradation of the poly(A) tail is often the first step in the decay of eukaryotic mRNAs. The amino acid sequence of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease shows homology to the RNase D family of 3'-exonucleases. The protein appears to be localized in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It is not stably associated with polysomes or ribosomal subunits.

Further reading

• Körner CG, Wahle E (1997). "Poly(A) tail shortening by a mammalian poly(A)-specific 3'-exoribonuclease". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (16): 10448–56. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.16.10448. PMID 9099687.
• Körner CG, Wormington M, Muckenthaler M, et al. (1998). "The deadenylating nuclease (DAN) is involved in poly(A) tail removal during the meiotic maturation of Xenopus oocytes". EMBO J. 17 (18): 5427–37. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.18.5427. PMC 1170868. PMID 9736620.
• Dehlin E, Wormington M, Körner CG, Wahle E (2000). "Cap-dependent deadenylation of mRNA". EMBO J. 19 (5): 1079–86. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.5.1079. PMC 305646. PMID 10698948.
• Martinez J, Ren YG, Thuresson AC, et al. (2000). "A 54-kDa fragment of the Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease is an oligomeric, processive, and cap-interacting Poly(A)-specific 3' exonuclease". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (31): 24222–30. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001705200. PMID 10801819.
• Gao M, Fritz DT, Ford LP, Wilusz J (2000). "Interaction between a Poly(A)-Specific Ribonuclease and the 5′ Cap Influences mRNA Deadenylation Rates In Vitro". Mol. Cell. 5 (3): 479–88. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80442-6. PMC 2811581. PMID 10882133.
• Gao M, Wilusz CJ, Peltz SW, Wilusz J (2001). "A novel mRNA-decapping activity in HeLa cytoplasmic extracts is regulated by AU-rich elements". EMBO J. 20 (5): 1134–43. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.5.1134. PMC 145468. PMID 11230136.
• Martînez J, Ren YG, Nilsson P, et al. (2001). "The mRNA cap structure stimulates rate of poly(A) removal and amplifies processivity of degradation". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (30): 27923–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M102270200. PMID 11359775.
• Copeland PR, Wormington M (2001). "The mechanism and regulation of deadenylation: identification and characterization of Xenopus PARN". RNA. 7 (6): 875–86. doi:10.1017/S1355838201010020. PMC 1370141. PMID 11424938.
• Chen CY, Gherzi R, Ong SE, et al. (2002). "AU binding proteins recruit the exosome to degrade ARE-containing mRNAs". Cell. 107 (4): 451–64. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00578-5. PMID 11719186.
• Ren YG, Martínez J, Virtanen A (2002). "Identification of the active site of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease by site-directed mutagenesis and Fe(2+)-mediated cleavage". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (8): 5982–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111515200. PMID 11742007.
• Andersen JS, Lyon CE, Fox AH, et al. (2002). "Directed proteomic analysis of the human nucleolus". Curr. Biol. 12 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00650-9. PMID 11790298.
• Scherl A, Couté Y, Déon C, et al. (2003). "Functional Proteomic Analysis of Human Nucleolus". Mol. Biol. Cell. 13 (11): 4100–9. doi:10.1091/mbc.E02-05-0271. PMC 133617. PMID 12429849.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Lai WS, Kennington EA, Blackshear PJ (2003). "Tristetraprolin and Its Family Members Can Promote the Cell-Free Deadenylation of AU-Rich Element-Containing mRNAs by Poly(A) Ribonuclease". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (11): 3798–812. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.11.3798-3812.2003. PMC 155217. PMID 12748283.
• Lejeune F, Li X, Maquat LE (2003). "Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in mammalian cells involves decapping, deadenylating, and exonucleolytic activities". Mol. Cell. 12 (3): 675–87. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00349-6. PMID 14527413.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
• Gherzi R, Lee KY, Briata P, et al. (2004). "A KH domain RNA binding protein, KSRP, promotes ARE-directed mRNA turnover by recruiting the degradation machinery". Mol. Cell. 14 (5): 571–83. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2004.05.002. PMID 15175153.
• Lehner B, Sanderson CM (2004). "A Protein Interaction Framework for Human mRNA Degradation". Genome Res. 14 (7): 1315–23. doi:10.1101/gr.2122004. PMC 442147. PMID 15231747.
• Ren YG, Kirsebom LA, Virtanen A (2005). "Coordination of divalent metal ions in the active site of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (47): 48702–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M403858200. PMID 15358788.