Esterase

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An esterase is a hydrolase enzyme that splits esters into an acid and an alcohol in a chemical reaction with water called hydrolysis.

A wide range of different esterases exist that differ in their substrate specificity, their protein structure, and their biological function.

EC classification/list of enzymes

• • Acetylesterase (EC 3.1.1.6), splits off acetyl groups
    • Cholinesterase
      • Acetylcholinesterase, inactivates the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
      • Pseudocholinesterase, broad substrate specificity, found in the blood plasma and in the liver
  • Pectinesterase (EC 3.1.1.11), clarifies fruit juices

• EC 3.1.2: Thiolester hydrolases
  • Thioesterase
    • Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1

• EC 3.1.3: Phosphoric monoester hydrolases
  • Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.x), hydrolyses phosphoric acid monoesters into a phosphate ion and an alcohol
    • Alkaline phosphatase, removes phosphate groups from many types of molecules, including nucleotides, proteins, and alkaloids.
    • Phosphodiesterase (PDE), inactivates the second messenger cAMP
      • cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5, is inhibited by Sildenafil (Viagra)
  • Fructose bisphosphatase (3.1.3.11), converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in gluconeogenesis

• EC 3.1.4: Phosphoric diester hydrolases

• EC 3.1.5: Triphosphoric monoester hydrolases

• EC 3.1.6: Sulfuric ester hydrolases (sulfatases)

• EC 3.1.7: Diphosphoric monoester hydrolases

• EC 3.1.8: Phosphoric triester hydrolases

• Exonucleases (deoxyribonucleases and ribonucleases)
  • EC 3.1.11: Exodeoxyribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
  • EC 3.1.13: Exoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
  • EC 3.1.14: Exoribonucleases producing 3'-phosphomonoesters
  • EC 3.1.15: Exonucleases active with either ribo- or

See also

• Enzyme
• List of enzymes
• Carboxylic acid
• Ester
• Leukocyte esterase
• Hemagglutinin esterase
• Nuclease

External links

• Enzyme nomenclature

v • d • e Proteins: enzymes
Topics	Active site - Allosteric regulation - Binding site - Catalytically perfect enzyme - Coenzyme - Cofactor - Cooperativity - EC number Enzyme catalysis - Enzyme inhibitor - Enzyme kinetics - Lineweaver-Burk plot - Michaelis-Menten kinetics - List of enzymes
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases/list - EC2 Transferases/list - EC3 Hydrolases/list - EC4 Lyases/list - EC5 Isomerases/list - EC6 Ligases/list

v • d • e Hydrolase: esterases (EC 3.1)
3.1.1: Carboxylic ester hydrolases	Cholinesterase - Pectinesterase - 6-phosphogluconolactonase - PAF acetylhydrolase Lipase (Gastric/Lingual, Pancreatic, Lysosomal, Hormone-sensitive, Endothelial, Hepatic, Lipoprotein, Monoacylglycerol, Diacylglycerol) Phospholipase (A1, A2, B)
3.1.2: Thioesterase	Palmitoyl thioesterase - Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1
3.1.3: Phosphatase	Alkaline phosphatase - Acid phosphatase (Prostatic)/Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase/Purple acid phosphatases - Nucleotidase - Glucose 6-phosphatase - Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase - Calcineurin - Phosphoprotein phosphatase (PP2A) - OCRL - Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase - Fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase - Protein tyrosine phosphatase - PTEN
3.1.4: Phosphodiesterase	Autotaxin - Phospholipase (C, D) - Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase - PDE1 - PDE2 - PDE3 - PDE5
3.1.6: Sulfatase	Arylsulfatase B - Steroid sulfatase - Galactosamine-6 sulfatase - Arylsulfatase A - Iduronate-2-sulfatase - N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase
other	Nuclease

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