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{{Infobox_gene}}
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'''Decorin''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the DCN [[gene]].
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = no
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_DCN_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1xcd.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1xcd}}, {{PDB2|1xec}}, {{PDB2|1xku}}
| Name = Decorin
| HGNCid = 2705
| Symbol = DCN
| AltSymbols =; CSCD; DSPG2; PG40; PGII; PGS2; SLRR1B
| OMIM = 125255
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 22430
| MGIid = 94872
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_DCN_201893_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_DCN_209335_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_DCN_211813_x_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005578 |text = proteinaceous extracellular matrix}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009887 |text = organ morphogenesis}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 1634
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000011465
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001911
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001920
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 12
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 90063167
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 90100937
    | Hs_Uniprot = P07585
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 13179
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000019929
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007833
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031859
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 10
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 96912055
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 96947839
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3TSV1
  }}
}}
'''Decorin''' is a [[proteoglycan]] on average 90 - 140 [[Dalton (unit)|kilodaltons]] (kD) in size.  


It belongs to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family and consists of a protein core containing leucine repeats with a [[glycosaminoglycan]] (GAG) chain consisting of either [[chondroitin sulfate]] (CS) or [[dermatan sulfate]] (DS).
Decorin is a [[proteoglycan]] that is on average 90 - 140 [[Dalton (unit)|kilodaltons]] (kDa) in molecular weight.  It belongs to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family and consists of a protein core containing [[Leucine-rich repeat|leucine repeats]] with a [[glycosaminoglycan]] (GAG) chain consisting of either [[chondroitin sulfate]] (CS) or [[dermatan sulfate]] (DS).


Desmin is a small cellular or pericellular matrix proteoglycan and is closely related in structure to [[biglycan]] protein. Decorin and biglycan are thought to be the result of a [[gene duplication]]. This protein is a component of [[connective tissue]], binds to [[type I collagen]] [[fibril]]s, and plays a role in [[extracellular matrix|matrix]] assembly.<ref name=Entrez />
Decorin is a small cellular or pericellular matrix proteoglycan and is closely related in structure to [[biglycan]] protein. Decorin and biglycan are thought to be the result of a [[gene duplication]]. This protein is a component of [[connective tissue]], binds to [[type I collagen]] [[fibril]]s, and plays a role in [[extracellular matrix|matrix]] assembly.<ref name=Entrez />


==Naming==
== Naming ==
Decorin's name is a derivative of both the fact that it "decorates" [[collagen]], and that it interacts with the "d" and "e" bands.


==Function==
Decorin's name is a derivative of both the fact that it "decorates" [[collagen type I]], and that it interacts with the "d" and "e" bands of fibrils of this collagen.
Decorin appears to influence [[fibrillogenesis]], and also interacts with [[fibronectin]], [[thrombospondin]], the [[C1Q complex|complement component C1q]], [[epidermal growth factor receptor]] (EGFR) and transforming growth factor-beta ([[TGF-beta]]).  


In some publications, decorin has been shown to enhance the bioactivity of [[TGF-beta 1]], in other publications, TGF-beta 1's bioactivity has been shown to be inhibited. Because of this, it is believed the primary function of decorin lies in certain aspects of regulation during the [[cell cycle]].
== Function ==
 
Decorin appears to influence [[fibrillogenesis]], and also interacts with [[fibronectin]], [[thrombospondin]], the [[C1Q complex|complement component C1q]], [[epidermal growth factor receptor]] (EGFR) and transforming growth factor-beta ([[TGF-beta]]).
 
Decorin has been shown to either enhance or inhibit the activity of [[TGF-beta 1]]. The primary function of decorin involves regulation during the [[cell cycle]].
 
It has been involved in the regulation of [[autophagy]], of [[endothelial cell]] and inhibits [[angiogenesis]]. This process is mediated by a high-affinity interaction with [[VEGFR2]] ( vascular endothelial growth factor receptor) which leads to increased levels of tumor suppressor gene called ''PEG3''.<ref name="pmid23798385">{{cite journal | vauthors = Buraschi S, Neill T, Goyal A, Poluzzi C, Smythies J, Owens RT, Schaefer L, Torres A, Iozzo RV | title = Decorin causes autophagy in endothelial cells via Peg3 | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 110 | issue = 28 | pages = E2582-91 | date = Jul 2013 | pmid = 23798385 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1305732110 | pmc=3710796}}</ref> Other angiogenic growth factors that decorin inhibits are [[angiopoietin]], hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and platelet-derived growth factor ([[PDGF]]).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Järveläinen H, Sainio A, Wight TN | title = Pivotal role for decorin in angiogenesis | journal = Matrix Biology | volume = 43 | pages = 15–26 | date = Apr 2015 | pmid = 25661523 | doi = 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.01.023 | pmc=4560244}}</ref>
 
Decorin has recently been established as a [[myokine]]. In this role, it promotes muscle [[hypertrophy]] by binding with [[myostatin]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Kanzleiter | first1 = T | last2 = Rath | first2 = M | last3 = Görgens | first3 = SW | last4 = Jensen | first4 = J | last5 = Tangen | first5 = DS | last6 = Kolnes | first6 = AJ | last7 = Kolnes | first7 = KJ | last8 = Lee | first8 = S | last9 = Eckel | first9 = J | last10 = Schürmann | first10 = A | last11 = Eckardt | first11 = K | year = 2014 | title = The myokine decorin is regulated by contraction and involved in muscle hypertrophy | url = | journal = Biochem Biophys Res Commun | volume = 450| issue = | pages = 1089–1094| doi = 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.123 | pmid=24996176}}</ref>
 
== Clinical signifiance ==
 
[[Keloid scars]] have decreased decorin expression compared to healthy [[skin]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Jumper N, Paus R, Bayat A | title = Functional histopathology of keloid disease | journal = Histology and Histopathology | volume = 30 | issue = 9 | pages = 1033–57 | date = Sep 2015 | pmid = 25900252 | doi = 10.14670/HH-11-624 }}</ref>
 
== Animal studies ==


Infusion of decorin into experimental rodent spinal cord injuries has been shown to suppress scar formation and promote axon growth.
Infusion of decorin into experimental rodent spinal cord injuries has been shown to suppress scar formation and promote axon growth.


Decorin has been shown to have anti-tumorigenic properties in an experimental murine tumor model and is capable of suppressing the growth of various tumor cell lines. There are multiple [[alternative splicing|alternatively spliced]] transcript variants known for the decorin gene. It is a candidate gene for [[Marfan syndrome]].<ref name=Entrez>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: DCN decorin| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1634| accessdate = }}</ref>
Decorin has been shown to have anti-tumorigenic properties in an experimental murine tumor model and is capable of suppressing the growth of various tumor cell lines. There are multiple [[alternative splicing|alternatively spliced]] transcript variants known for the decorin gene. Mutations in the decorin gene are associated with [[congenital stromal corneal dystrophy]].<ref name=Entrez>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: DCN decorin| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1634| accessdate = }}</ref>


==References==
== Interactions ==
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Further reading==
Decorin has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with:
{{refbegin | 2}}
* [[Collagen type I]]<ref name = pmid9675033>{{cite journal | vauthors = Schönherr E, Broszat M, Brandan E, Bruckner P, Kresse H | title = Decorin core protein fragment Leu155-Val260 interacts with TGF-beta but does not compete for decorin binding to type I collagen | journal = Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics | volume = 355 | issue = 2 | pages = 241–8 | date = Jul 1998 | pmid = 9675033 | doi = 10.1006/abbi.1998.0720 }}</ref>
{{PBB_Further_reading
* [[Epidermal growth factor receptor]]<ref name = pmid12105206>{{cite journal | vauthors = Santra M, Reed CC, Iozzo RV | title = Decorin binds to a narrow region of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, partially overlapping but distinct from the EGF-binding epitope | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 38 | pages = 35671–81 | date = Sep 2002 | pmid = 12105206 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M205317200 }}</ref><ref name = pmid9988678>{{cite journal | vauthors = Iozzo RV, Moscatello DK, McQuillan DJ, Eichstetter I | title = Decorin is a biological ligand for the epidermal growth factor receptor | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 274 | issue = 8 | pages = 4489–92 | date = Feb 1999 | pmid = 9988678 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.274.8.4489 }}</ref>  and
| citations =  
* [[TGF beta 1]],<ref name = pmid9675033 /><ref name = pmid8093006>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hildebrand A, Romarís M, Rasmussen LM, Heinegård D, Twardzik DR, Border WA, Ruoslahti E | title = Interaction of the small interstitial proteoglycans biglycan, decorin and fibromodulin with transforming growth factor beta | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 302 | issue = 2 | pages = 527–34 | date = Sep 1994 | pmid = 8093006 | pmc = 1137259 | doi =  10.1042/bj3020527}}</ref><ref name = pmid7798269>{{cite journal | vauthors = Takeuchi Y, Kodama Y, Matsumoto T | title = Bone matrix decorin binds transforming growth factor-beta and enhances its bioactivity | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 269 | issue = 51 | pages = 32634–8 | date = Dec 1994 | pmid = 7798269 | doi =  }}</ref>
*{{cite journal  | author=Ständer M, Naumann U, Wick W, Weller M |title=Transforming growth factor-beta and p-21: multiple molecular targets of decorin-mediated suppression of neoplastic growth. |journal=Cell Tissue Res. |volume=296 |issue= 2 |pages= 221-7 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10382266 |doi= }}
* [[TLR2]],<ref name="pmid22087031">{{cite journal | vauthors = Merline R, Moreth K, Beckmann J, Nastase MV, Zeng-Brouwers J, Tralhão JG, Lemarchand P, Pfeilschifter J, Schaefer RM, Iozzo RV, Schaefer L | title = Signaling by the matrix proteoglycan decorin controls inflammation and cancer through PDCD4 and MicroRNA-21 | journal = Science Signaling | volume = 4 | issue = 199 | pages = ra75 | year = 2011 | pmid = 22087031 | doi = 10.1126/scisignal.2001868 | pmc=5029092}}</ref> and
*{{cite journal | author=Fujisawa R |title=[Recent advances in research on bone matrix proteins] |journal=Nippon Rinsho |volume=60 Suppl 3 |issue= |pages= 72-8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11979972 |doi= }}
* [[TLR4]].<ref name="pmid22087031"/>
*{{cite journal | author=Krumdieck R, Höök M, Rosenberg LC, Volanakis JE |title=The proteoglycan decorin binds C1q and inhibits the activity of the C1 complex. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=149 |issue= 11 |pages= 3695-701 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1431141 |doi=  }}
 
*{{cite journal | author=Winnemöller M, Schön P, Vischer P, Kresse H |title=Interactions between thrombospondin and the small proteoglycan decorin: interference with cell attachment. |journal=Eur. J. Cell Biol. |volume=59 |issue= 1 |pages= 47-55 |year= 1993 |pmid= 1468447 |doi=  }}
== References ==
*{{cite journal | author=Murphy-Ullrich JE, Schultz-Cherry S, Höök M |title=Transforming growth factor-beta complexes with thrombospondin. |journal=Mol. Biol. Cell |volume=3 |issue= 2 |pages= 181-8 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1550960 |doi= }}
{{reflist|33em}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Pulkkinen L, Alitalo T, Krusius T, Peltonen L |title=Expression of decorin in human tissues and cell lines and defined chromosomal assignment of the gene locus (DCN). |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=60 |issue= 2 |pages= 107-11 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1611907 |doi=  }}
 
*{{cite journal | author=McBride OW, Fisher LW, Young MF |title=Localization of PGI (biglycan, BGN) and PGII (decorin, DCN, PG-40) genes on human chromosomes Xq13-qter and 12q, respectively. |journal=Genomics |volume=6 |issue= 2 |pages= 219-25 |year= 1990 |pmid= 1968422 |doi=  }}
== Further reading ==
*{{cite journal | author=Fleischmajer R, Fisher LW, MacDonald ED, ''et al.'' |title=Decorin interacts with fibrillar collagen of embryonic and adult human skin. |journal=J. Struct. Biol. |volume=106 |issue= 1 |pages= 82-90 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2059554 |doi=  }}
{{refbegin|33em}}
*{{cite journal | author=Pulkkinen L, Kainulainen K, Krusius T, ''et al.'' |title=Deficient expression of the gene coding for decorin in a lethal form of Marfan syndrome. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=265 |issue= 29 |pages= 17780-5 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2211661 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ständer M, Naumann U, Wick W, Weller M | title = Transforming growth factor-beta and p-21: multiple molecular targets of decorin-mediated suppression of neoplastic growth | journal = Cell and Tissue Research | volume = 296 | issue = 2 | pages = 221–7 | date = May 1999 | pmid = 10382266 | doi = 10.1007/s004410051283 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yamaguchi Y, Mann DM, Ruoslahti E |title=Negative regulation of transforming growth factor-beta by the proteoglycan decorin. |journal=Nature |volume=346 |issue= 6281 |pages= 281-4 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2374594 |doi= 10.1038/346281a0 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Fujisawa R | title = [Recent advances in research on bone matrix proteins] | journal = Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine | volume = 60 Suppl 3 | issue = | pages = 72–8 | date = Mar 2002 | pmid = 11979972 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Greve H, Blumberg P, Schmidt G, ''et al.'' |title=Influence of collagen lattice on the metabolism of small proteoglycan II by cultured fibroblasts. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=269 |issue= 1 |pages= 149-55 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2375748 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Krumdieck R, Höök M, Rosenberg LC, Volanakis JE | title = The proteoglycan decorin binds C1q and inhibits the activity of the C1 complex | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 149 | issue = 11 | pages = 3695–701 | date = Dec 1992 | pmid = 1431141 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Roughley PJ, White RJ |title=Dermatan sulphate proteoglycans of human articular cartilage. The properties of dermatan sulphate proteoglycans I and II. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=262 |issue= 3 |pages= 823-7 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2590169 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Winnemöller M, Schön P, Vischer P, Kresse H | title = Interactions between thrombospondin and the small proteoglycan decorin: interference with cell attachment | journal = European Journal of Cell Biology | volume = 59 | issue = 1 | pages = 47–55 | date = Oct 1992 | pmid = 1468447 | doi = }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fisher LW, Termine JD, Young MF |title=Deduced protein sequence of bone small proteoglycan I (biglycan) shows homology with proteoglycan II (decorin) and several nonconnective tissue proteins in a variety of species. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=264 |issue= 8 |pages= 4571-6 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2647739 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Murphy-Ullrich JE, Schultz-Cherry S, Höök M | title = Transforming growth factor-beta complexes with thrombospondin | journal = Molecular Biology of the Cell | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | pages = 181–8 | date = Feb 1992 | pmid = 1550960 | pmc = 275517 | doi = 10.1091/mbc.3.2.181 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yamaguchi Y, Ruoslahti E |title=Expression of human proteoglycan in Chinese hamster ovary cells inhibits cell proliferation. |journal=Nature |volume=336 |issue= 6196 |pages= 244-6 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3194009 |doi= 10.1038/336244a0 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Pulkkinen L, Alitalo T, Krusius T, Peltonen L | title = Expression of decorin in human tissues and cell lines and defined chromosomal assignment of the gene locus (DCN) | journal = Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics | volume = 60 | issue = 2 | pages = 107–11 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1611907 | doi = 10.1159/000133314 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Krusius T, Ruoslahti E |title=Primary structure of an extracellular matrix proteoglycan core protein deduced from cloned cDNA. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=83 |issue= 20 |pages= 7683-7 |year= 1986 |pmid= 3484330 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = McBride OW, Fisher LW, Young MF | title = Localization of PGI (biglycan, BGN) and PGII (decorin, DCN, PG-40) genes on human chromosomes Xq13-qter and 12q, respectively | journal = Genomics | volume = 6 | issue = 2 | pages = 219–25 | date = Feb 1990 | pmid = 1968422 | doi = 10.1016/0888-7543(90)90560-H }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fisher LW, Hawkins GR, Tuross N, Termine JD |title=Purification and partial characterization of small proteoglycans I and II, bone sialoproteins I and II, and osteonectin from the mineral compartment of developing human bone. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=262 |issue= 20 |pages= 9702-8 |year= 1987 |pmid= 3597437 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Fleischmajer R, Fisher LW, MacDonald ED, Jacobs L, Perlish JS, Termine JD | title = Decorin interacts with fibrillar collagen of embryonic and adult human skin | journal = Journal of Structural Biology | volume = 106 | issue = 1 | pages = 82–90 | date = Feb 1991 | pmid = 2059554 | doi = 10.1016/1047-8477(91)90065-5 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lysiak JJ, Hunt J, Pringle GA, Lala PK |title=Localization of transforming growth factor beta and its natural inhibitor decorin in the human placenta and decidua throughout gestation. |journal=Placenta |volume=16 |issue= 3 |pages= 221-31 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7638106 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Pulkkinen L, Kainulainen K, Krusius T, Mäkinen P, Schollin J, Gustavsson KH, Peltonen L | title = Deficient expression of the gene coding for decorin in a lethal form of Marfan syndrome | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 265 | issue = 29 | pages = 17780–5 | date = Oct 1990 | pmid = 2211661 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Takeuchi Y, Kodama Y, Matsumoto T |title=Bone matrix decorin binds transforming growth factor-beta and enhances its bioactivity. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=269 |issue= 51 |pages= 32634-8 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7798269 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yamaguchi Y, Mann DM, Ruoslahti E | title = Negative regulation of transforming growth factor-beta by the proteoglycan decorin | journal = Nature | volume = 346 | issue = 6281 | pages = 281–4 | date = Jul 1990 | pmid = 2374594 | doi = 10.1038/346281a0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Scholzen T, Solursh M, Suzuki S, ''et al.'' |title=The murine decorin. Complete cDNA cloning, genomic organization, chromosomal assignment, and expression during organogenesis and tissue differentiation. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=269 |issue= 45 |pages= 28270-81 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7961765 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Greve H, Blumberg P, Schmidt G, Schlumberger W, Rauterberg J, Kresse H | title = Influence of collagen lattice on the metabolism of small proteoglycan II by cultured fibroblasts | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 269 | issue = 1 | pages = 149–55 | date = Jul 1990 | pmid = 2375748 | pmc = 1131544 | doi =  10.1042/bj2690149}}
*{{cite journal | author=Danielson KG, Fazzio A, Cohen I, ''et al.'' |title=The human decorin gene: intron-exon organization, discovery of two alternatively spliced exons in the 5' untranslated region, and mapping of the gene to chromosome 12q23. |journal=Genomics |volume=15 |issue= 1 |pages= 146-60 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8432526 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1993.1022 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Roughley PJ, White RJ | title = Dermatan sulphate proteoglycans of human articular cartilage. The properties of dermatan sulphate proteoglycans I and II | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 262 | issue = 3 | pages = 823–7 | date = Sep 1989 | pmid = 2590169 | pmc = 1133347 | doi =  }}
}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Fisher LW, Termine JD, Young MF | title = Deduced protein sequence of bone small proteoglycan I (biglycan) shows homology with proteoglycan II (decorin) and several nonconnective tissue proteins in a variety of species | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 264 | issue = 8 | pages = 4571–6 | date = Mar 1989 | pmid = 2647739 | doi =  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yamaguchi Y, Ruoslahti E | title = Expression of human proteoglycan in Chinese hamster ovary cells inhibits cell proliferation | journal = Nature | volume = 336 | issue = 6196 | pages = 244–6 | date = Nov 1988 | pmid = 3194009 | doi = 10.1038/336244a0 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Krusius T, Ruoslahti E | title = Primary structure of an extracellular matrix proteoglycan core protein deduced from cloned cDNA | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 83 | issue = 20 | pages = 7683–7 | date = Oct 1986 | pmid = 3484330 | pmc = 386785 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.83.20.7683 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Fisher LW, Hawkins GR, Tuross N, Termine JD | title = Purification and partial characterization of small proteoglycans I and II, bone sialoproteins I and II, and osteonectin from the mineral compartment of developing human bone | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 262 | issue = 20 | pages = 9702–8 | date = Jul 1987 | pmid = 3597437 | doi =  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lysiak JJ, Hunt J, Pringle GA, Lala PK | title = Localization of transforming growth factor beta and its natural inhibitor decorin in the human placenta and decidua throughout gestation | journal = Placenta | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | pages = 221–31 | date = Apr 1995 | pmid = 7638106 | doi = 10.1016/0143-4004(95)90110-8 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Takeuchi Y, Kodama Y, Matsumoto T | title = Bone matrix decorin binds transforming growth factor-beta and enhances its bioactivity | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 269 | issue = 51 | pages = 32634–8 | date = Dec 1994 | pmid = 7798269 | doi =  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Scholzen T, Solursh M, Suzuki S, Reiter R, Morgan JL, Buchberg AM, Siracusa LD, Iozzo RV | title = The murine decorin. Complete cDNA cloning, genomic organization, chromosomal assignment, and expression during organogenesis and tissue differentiation | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 269 | issue = 45 | pages = 28270–81 | date = Nov 1994 | pmid = 7961765 | doi =  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Danielson KG, Fazzio A, Cohen I, Cannizzaro LA, Eichstetter I, Iozzo RV | title = The human decorin gene: intron-exon organization, discovery of two alternatively spliced exons in the 5' untranslated region, and mapping of the gene to chromosome 12q23 | journal = Genomics | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 146–60 | date = Jan 1993 | pmid = 8432526 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1993.1022 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bredrup C, Knappskog PM, Majewski J, Rødahl E, Boman H | title = Congenital stromal dystrophy of the cornea caused by a mutation in the decorin gene | journal = Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science | volume = 46 | issue = 2 | pages = 420–6 | date = Feb 2005 | pmid = 15671264 | doi = 10.1167/iovs.04-0804 }}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


== External links ==
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2690/  GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Congenital Stromal Corneal Dystrophy]
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=1634}}


{{TGF beta signaling}}
{{TGF beta signaling}}
{{Proteoglycans}}
{{Proteoglycans}}
[[Category:Proteins]]
{{Fibrous proteins}}
{{TGFβ receptor superfamily modulators}}
 
[[Category:Extracellular matrix proteins]]
[[Category:LRR domain]]
[[Category:LRR domain]]
[[Category:Proteoglycans]]
[[Category:Proteoglycans]]
 
[[Category:LRR proteins]]
{{protein-stub}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Revision as of 20:48, 30 August 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
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Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Decorin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DCN gene.

Decorin is a proteoglycan that is on average 90 - 140 kilodaltons (kDa) in molecular weight. It belongs to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family and consists of a protein core containing leucine repeats with a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain consisting of either chondroitin sulfate (CS) or dermatan sulfate (DS).

Decorin is a small cellular or pericellular matrix proteoglycan and is closely related in structure to biglycan protein. Decorin and biglycan are thought to be the result of a gene duplication. This protein is a component of connective tissue, binds to type I collagen fibrils, and plays a role in matrix assembly.[1]

Naming

Decorin's name is a derivative of both the fact that it "decorates" collagen type I, and that it interacts with the "d" and "e" bands of fibrils of this collagen.

Function

Decorin appears to influence fibrillogenesis, and also interacts with fibronectin, thrombospondin, the complement component C1q, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta).

Decorin has been shown to either enhance or inhibit the activity of TGF-beta 1. The primary function of decorin involves regulation during the cell cycle.

It has been involved in the regulation of autophagy, of endothelial cell and inhibits angiogenesis. This process is mediated by a high-affinity interaction with VEGFR2 ( vascular endothelial growth factor receptor) which leads to increased levels of tumor suppressor gene called PEG3.[2] Other angiogenic growth factors that decorin inhibits are angiopoietin, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).[3]

Decorin has recently been established as a myokine. In this role, it promotes muscle hypertrophy by binding with myostatin.[4]

Clinical signifiance

Keloid scars have decreased decorin expression compared to healthy skin.[5]

Animal studies

Infusion of decorin into experimental rodent spinal cord injuries has been shown to suppress scar formation and promote axon growth.

Decorin has been shown to have anti-tumorigenic properties in an experimental murine tumor model and is capable of suppressing the growth of various tumor cell lines. There are multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants known for the decorin gene. Mutations in the decorin gene are associated with congenital stromal corneal dystrophy.[1]

Interactions

Decorin has been shown to interact with:

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: DCN decorin".
  2. ↑ Buraschi S, Neill T, Goyal A, Poluzzi C, Smythies J, Owens RT, Schaefer L, Torres A, Iozzo RV (Jul 2013). "Decorin causes autophagy in endothelial cells via Peg3". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (28): E2582–91. doi:10.1073/pnas.1305732110. PMC 3710796. PMID 23798385.
  3. ↑ Järveläinen H, Sainio A, Wight TN (Apr 2015). "Pivotal role for decorin in angiogenesis". Matrix Biology. 43: 15–26. doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2015.01.023. PMC 4560244. PMID 25661523.
  4. ↑ Kanzleiter, T; Rath, M; Görgens, SW; Jensen, J; Tangen, DS; Kolnes, AJ; Kolnes, KJ; Lee, S; Eckel, J; Schürmann, A; Eckardt, K (2014). "The myokine decorin is regulated by contraction and involved in muscle hypertrophy". Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 450: 1089–1094. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.123. PMID 24996176.
  5. ↑ Jumper N, Paus R, Bayat A (Sep 2015). "Functional histopathology of keloid disease". Histology and Histopathology. 30 (9): 1033–57. doi:10.14670/HH-11-624. PMID 25900252.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Schönherr E, Broszat M, Brandan E, Bruckner P, Kresse H (Jul 1998). "Decorin core protein fragment Leu155-Val260 interacts with TGF-beta but does not compete for decorin binding to type I collagen". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 355 (2): 241–8. doi:10.1006/abbi.1998.0720. PMID 9675033.
  7. ↑ Santra M, Reed CC, Iozzo RV (Sep 2002). "Decorin binds to a narrow region of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, partially overlapping but distinct from the EGF-binding epitope". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (38): 35671–81. doi:10.1074/jbc.M205317200. PMID 12105206.
  8. ↑ Iozzo RV, Moscatello DK, McQuillan DJ, Eichstetter I (Feb 1999). "Decorin is a biological ligand for the epidermal growth factor receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (8): 4489–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.8.4489. PMID 9988678.
  9. ↑ Hildebrand A, Romarís M, Rasmussen LM, Heinegård D, Twardzik DR, Border WA, Ruoslahti E (Sep 1994). "Interaction of the small interstitial proteoglycans biglycan, decorin and fibromodulin with transforming growth factor beta". The Biochemical Journal. 302 (2): 527–34. doi:10.1042/bj3020527. PMC 1137259. PMID 8093006.
  10. ↑ Takeuchi Y, Kodama Y, Matsumoto T (Dec 1994). "Bone matrix decorin binds transforming growth factor-beta and enhances its bioactivity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (51): 32634–8. PMID 7798269.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Merline R, Moreth K, Beckmann J, Nastase MV, Zeng-Brouwers J, Tralhão JG, Lemarchand P, Pfeilschifter J, Schaefer RM, Iozzo RV, Schaefer L (2011). "Signaling by the matrix proteoglycan decorin controls inflammation and cancer through PDCD4 and MicroRNA-21". Science Signaling. 4 (199): ra75. doi:10.1126/scisignal.2001868. PMC 5029092. PMID 22087031.

Further reading

  • Ständer M, Naumann U, Wick W, Weller M (May 1999). "Transforming growth factor-beta and p-21: multiple molecular targets of decorin-mediated suppression of neoplastic growth". Cell and Tissue Research. 296 (2): 221–7. doi:10.1007/s004410051283. PMID 10382266.
  • Fujisawa R (Mar 2002). "[Recent advances in research on bone matrix proteins]". Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine. 60 Suppl 3: 72–8. PMID 11979972.
  • Krumdieck R, Höök M, Rosenberg LC, Volanakis JE (Dec 1992). "The proteoglycan decorin binds C1q and inhibits the activity of the C1 complex". Journal of Immunology. 149 (11): 3695–701. PMID 1431141.
  • Winnemöller M, Schön P, Vischer P, Kresse H (Oct 1992). "Interactions between thrombospondin and the small proteoglycan decorin: interference with cell attachment". European Journal of Cell Biology. 59 (1): 47–55. PMID 1468447.
  • Murphy-Ullrich JE, Schultz-Cherry S, Höök M (Feb 1992). "Transforming growth factor-beta complexes with thrombospondin". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 3 (2): 181–8. doi:10.1091/mbc.3.2.181. PMC 275517. PMID 1550960.
  • Pulkkinen L, Alitalo T, Krusius T, Peltonen L (1992). "Expression of decorin in human tissues and cell lines and defined chromosomal assignment of the gene locus (DCN)". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 60 (2): 107–11. doi:10.1159/000133314. PMID 1611907.
  • McBride OW, Fisher LW, Young MF (Feb 1990). "Localization of PGI (biglycan, BGN) and PGII (decorin, DCN, PG-40) genes on human chromosomes Xq13-qter and 12q, respectively". Genomics. 6 (2): 219–25. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(90)90560-H. PMID 1968422.
  • Fleischmajer R, Fisher LW, MacDonald ED, Jacobs L, Perlish JS, Termine JD (Feb 1991). "Decorin interacts with fibrillar collagen of embryonic and adult human skin". Journal of Structural Biology. 106 (1): 82–90. doi:10.1016/1047-8477(91)90065-5. PMID 2059554.
  • Pulkkinen L, Kainulainen K, Krusius T, Mäkinen P, Schollin J, Gustavsson KH, Peltonen L (Oct 1990). "Deficient expression of the gene coding for decorin in a lethal form of Marfan syndrome". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 265 (29): 17780–5. PMID 2211661.
  • Yamaguchi Y, Mann DM, Ruoslahti E (Jul 1990). "Negative regulation of transforming growth factor-beta by the proteoglycan decorin". Nature. 346 (6281): 281–4. doi:10.1038/346281a0. PMID 2374594.
  • Greve H, Blumberg P, Schmidt G, Schlumberger W, Rauterberg J, Kresse H (Jul 1990). "Influence of collagen lattice on the metabolism of small proteoglycan II by cultured fibroblasts". The Biochemical Journal. 269 (1): 149–55. doi:10.1042/bj2690149. PMC 1131544. PMID 2375748.
  • Roughley PJ, White RJ (Sep 1989). "Dermatan sulphate proteoglycans of human articular cartilage. The properties of dermatan sulphate proteoglycans I and II". The Biochemical Journal. 262 (3): 823–7. PMC 1133347. PMID 2590169.
  • Fisher LW, Termine JD, Young MF (Mar 1989). "Deduced protein sequence of bone small proteoglycan I (biglycan) shows homology with proteoglycan II (decorin) and several nonconnective tissue proteins in a variety of species". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 264 (8): 4571–6. PMID 2647739.
  • Yamaguchi Y, Ruoslahti E (Nov 1988). "Expression of human proteoglycan in Chinese hamster ovary cells inhibits cell proliferation". Nature. 336 (6196): 244–6. doi:10.1038/336244a0. PMID 3194009.
  • Krusius T, Ruoslahti E (Oct 1986). "Primary structure of an extracellular matrix proteoglycan core protein deduced from cloned cDNA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 83 (20): 7683–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.20.7683. PMC 386785. PMID 3484330.
  • Fisher LW, Hawkins GR, Tuross N, Termine JD (Jul 1987). "Purification and partial characterization of small proteoglycans I and II, bone sialoproteins I and II, and osteonectin from the mineral compartment of developing human bone". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 262 (20): 9702–8. PMID 3597437.
  • Lysiak JJ, Hunt J, Pringle GA, Lala PK (Apr 1995). "Localization of transforming growth factor beta and its natural inhibitor decorin in the human placenta and decidua throughout gestation". Placenta. 16 (3): 221–31. doi:10.1016/0143-4004(95)90110-8. PMID 7638106.
  • Takeuchi Y, Kodama Y, Matsumoto T (Dec 1994). "Bone matrix decorin binds transforming growth factor-beta and enhances its bioactivity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (51): 32634–8. PMID 7798269.
  • Scholzen T, Solursh M, Suzuki S, Reiter R, Morgan JL, Buchberg AM, Siracusa LD, Iozzo RV (Nov 1994). "The murine decorin. Complete cDNA cloning, genomic organization, chromosomal assignment, and expression during organogenesis and tissue differentiation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (45): 28270–81. PMID 7961765.
  • Danielson KG, Fazzio A, Cohen I, Cannizzaro LA, Eichstetter I, Iozzo RV (Jan 1993). "The human decorin gene: intron-exon organization, discovery of two alternatively spliced exons in the 5' untranslated region, and mapping of the gene to chromosome 12q23". Genomics. 15 (1): 146–60. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1022. PMID 8432526.
  • Bredrup C, Knappskog PM, Majewski J, Rødahl E, Boman H (Feb 2005). "Congenital stromal dystrophy of the cornea caused by a mutation in the decorin gene". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 46 (2): 420–6. doi:10.1167/iovs.04-0804. PMID 15671264.

External links

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