Sandbox Ochuko: Difference between revisions

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Causes of hepatomegaly

Inflammatory Liver Disease

Hepatitis:Infectious

Bacterial
- Glandular fever (Infectious mononucleosis). This is caused by the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV).
- Malaria
- Hydatid cyst
- Leptospirosis
- Actinomycosis
Viral
Schistosomiasis

Others

Alcoholic hepatitis
Other toxins induced hepatitis
Drug-induced hepatitis
Autoimmune hepatitis
Steatohepatitis
Steatosis

Abscess

Pyogenic
Amebic

Cholangitis

Suppurative
Sclerosing

Pericholangitis (especially related to ulcerative colitis)

Chronic Liver Disease

Alcoholic
Posthepatitic
Postnecrotic
Cholestatic

Cirrhotic

Portal
Biliary
Cardiac

Tricuspid insufficiency

Metabolic Disorders

Hemochromatosis

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

Other Causes

Extrahepatic biliary obstruction

Choledocholithiasis
Biliary stricture
Pancreatitis
Carcinoma
- Bile ducts (cholangiocarcinoma)
- Head of pancreas
- Ampulla of Vater
External compression

Hepatic congestion

Congestive heart failure
Constrictive pericarditis
Budd-Chiari syndrome (hepatic outflow obstruction, hepatic vein obstruction)
- Thrombosis
- Tumor
- Web (inferior vena cava)

Veno-occlusive disease

Jamaican herbal tea
After bone-marrow transplantation

Infiltrative disorders, storage diseases

Lipid accumulation
- Fatty liver
  Alcohol
  
  Diabetes mellitus
  
  Obesity
  
  Severe protein malnutrition (Kwashiorkor: dietary protein deficiency)
  
  Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
  
  Jejunoileal bypass
  
  Parenteral hyperalimentation
  
  Corticosteroids, Cushing's syndrome
  
  Fatty liver of pregnancy
  
  Massive tetracycline therapy
  
  Toxins (e.g., carbon tetrachloride, dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane)
  
  Reye's syndrome
- Lipid storage disease (especially Gaucher's disease, Niemann-Pick disease)
Glycogen accumulation
- Glycogen storage disease
- Diabetic glycogenosis
Granulomatous infiltration (especially sarcoidosis, miliary tuberculosis, disseminated fungal diseases, some drug reactions)
Myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders
Amyloidosis
Congenital hepatic fibrosis
Hemochromatosis
Wilson's disease

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Hurler's syndrome

Neoplasms

Primary
- Malignant
  Hepatocellular carcinoma
  
  Cholangiocarcinoma
  
  Angiosarcoma
- Benign
  Hepatic adenoma
  
  Hemangioma
  
  Focal nodular hyperplasia
  
  Adenoma
Metastatic
- Pancreas
- Colon
- Lung
- Breast
- Stomach
- Kidney
- Esophagus
- Carcinoid

Cysts

Congenital
- Solitary
- Polycystic
Acquired (especially echinococcal)

Primary treatment option
Atropine

❑ Administer a first dose 0.5 mg IV bolus
❑ Repeat every 3-5 minutes
❑ Administer a maximum dose of 3 mg

Secondary treatment options
If atropine ineffective:

❑ Administer dopamine infusion (2-10 mcg/kg/min)
OR
❑ Administer epinephrine infusion (2-10 mcg/min)
OR
❑ Proceed with transcutaneous pacing

❑ Consult a cardiologist
❑ Consider transvenous pacing

Overview

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Diagnosis

Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation

Complete Evaluation

A01

B01

C01

D01

D02

E01

E02

F01

Treatment

Do's

Don'ts

References

Template:WH Template:WS

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
+==Causes of hepatomegaly==
+===Inflammatory Liver Disease===
+*[[Hepatitis]]:Infectious
+:*Bacterial
+:*:*[[Glandular fever]] ([[Infectious mononucleosis]]).  This is caused by the [[Epstein-Barr Virus]] ([[EBV]]).
+:*:*[[Malaria]]
+:*:*[[Hydatid cyst]]
+:*:*[[Leptospirosis]]
+:*:*[[Actinomycosis]]
+:*Viral
+:*:*[[Hepatitis A]]
+:*:*[[Hepatitis B]]
+:*:*[[HIV]]
+:*[[Schistosomiasis]]
+*Others
+:*Alcoholic hepatitis
+:*Other toxins induced hepatitis
+:*Drug-induced hepatitis
+:*Autoimmune hepatitis
+:*Steatohepatitis
+:*[[Steatosis]]
+*Abscess
+:*Pyogenic
+:*Amebic
+*[[Cholangitis]]
+:*Suppurative
+:*Sclerosing
+*Pericholangitis (especially related to [[ulcerative colitis]])
+===[[Chronic Liver Disease]]===
+*Alcoholic
+*Posthepatitic
+*Postnecrotic
+*Cholestatic
+===Cirrhotic===
+*Portal
+*Biliary
+*Cardiac
+:*[[Tricuspid insufficiency]]
+===Metabolic Disorders===
+*[[Hemochromatosis]]
+===[[Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency]]===
+*[[Wilson's disease]]
+*[[Cystic fibrosis]]
+===Other Causes===
+*Extrahepatic biliary obstruction
+:*[[Choledocholithiasis]]
+:*Biliary stricture
+:*[[Pancreatitis]]
+:*[[Carcinoma]]
+:*:*[[Bile duct]]s ([[cholangiocarcinoma]])
+:*:*Head of pancreas
+:*:*[[Ampulla of Vater]]
+:*External compression
+*Hepatic congestion
+:*[[Congestive heart failure]]
+:*[[Constrictive pericarditis]]
+:*[[Budd-Chiari syndrome]] (hepatic outflow obstruction, [[hepatic vein obstruction]])
+:*:*Thrombosis
+:*:*[[Tumor]]
+:*:*Web ([[inferior vena cava]])
+*Veno-occlusive disease
+:*Jamaican herbal tea
+:*After bone-marrow transplantation
+*Infiltrative disorders, storage diseases
+:*Lipid accumulation
+:*:*[[Fatty liver]]
+:*:*:*Alcohol
+:*:*:*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
+:*:*:*[[Obesity]]
+:*:*:*Severe protein malnutrition ([[Kwashiorkor]]: dietary protein deficiency)
+:*:*:*Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
+:*:*:*Jejunoileal bypass
+:*:*:*Parenteral hyperalimentation
+:*:*:*[[Corticosteroid]]s, [[Cushing's syndrome]]
+:*:*:*Fatty liver of pregnancy
+:*:*:*Massive [[tetracycline]] therapy
+:*:*:*Toxins (e.g., [[carbon tetrachloride]], dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane)
+:*:*:*[[Reye's syndrome]]
+:*:*[[Lipid storage disease]] (especially [[Gaucher's disease]], [[Niemann-Pick disease]])
+:*Glycogen accumulation
+:*:*[[Glycogen storage disease]]
+:*:*Diabetic glycogenosis
+:*Granulomatous infiltration (especially [[sarcoidosis]], [[miliary tuberculosis]], disseminated fungal diseases, some drug reactions)
+:*Myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders
+:*:*[[Lymphoma]]
+:*:*[[Myeloid metaplasia]]
+:*:*[[Multiple myeloma]]
+:*:*[[Leukemia]]
+:*[[Amyloidosis]]
+:*[[Congenital hepatic fibrosis]]
+:*[[Hemochromatosis]]
+:*[[Wilson's disease]]
+*[[Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency]]
+:*[[Hurler's syndrome]]
+*Neoplasms
+:*Primary
+:*:*Malignant
+:*:*:[[Hepatocellular carcinoma]]
+:*:*:[[Cholangiocarcinoma]]
+:*:*:[[Angiosarcoma]]
+:*:*Benign
+:*:*:[[Hepatic adenoma]]
+:*:*:[[Hemangioma]]
+:*:*:[[Focal nodular hyperplasia]]
+:*:*:[[Adenoma]]
+:*Metastatic
+:*:*[[Pancreas]]
+:*:*[[Colon]]
+:*:*[[Lung]]
+:*:*[[Breast]]
+:*:*[[Stomach]]
+:*:*[[Kidney]]
+:*:*[[Esophagus]]
+:*:*[[Carcinoid]]
+*Cysts
+:*Congenital
+:*:*Solitary
+:*:*Polycystic
+:*Acquired (especially echinococcal)
+*[[Hunter syndrome]]
+*[[Zellweger's syndrome]]
+*[[Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency]]
+*[[Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency]]
+*[[Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency]]
 {{familytree/start}}