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== Syncope ==
==Syncope==


=== Syncope Definition ===
===Syncope Definition===
Syncope is classified to three types:
[[Syncope]] is classified to three types:


* Cardiac
*[[Cardiac]]
* Neurogenic
*[[Neurogenic]]
* Vasovagal  
*[[Vasovagal syncope|Vasovagal]]





Revision as of 13:37, 16 July 2021

Syncope

Syncope Definition

Syncope is classified to three types:



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Syncope
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
cardiac
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
neurogenic
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
C01
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
D01
 
D02
 
 
 
 
 
D03
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
E01
 
 
 
 
 
 
E02
 
 
E03
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F01
 
 
F02



Case courtesy of Dr Mohamed Mahmoud Elthokapy, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 91033



Aortic dissection is a life-threating disorder.


Differential Diagnosis of Aortic Dissection

Differential Diagnosis of Aortic Dissection

The ddx includes:

Aortic dissection DDX
Disease Histrory Physical exam findings


overview

Syncope is classified into three types:

  • Cardiac
  • Vasovagal
  • Neurogenic


Differentiating diagnosis of Lymphoma Symptoms Signs Diagnosis Additional Findings
Fever Rash Diarrhea Abdominal pain Weight loss Painful lymphadenopathy Hepatosplenomegaly Arthritis Lab Findings
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
Lymphoma + + + + Increase ESR, increased LDH Night sweats, constant fatigue
Brucellosis + + + + + + + Relative lymphocytosis Night sweats, often with characteristic smell, likened to wet hay
Typhoid fever + + + + + Decreased hemoglobin Incremental increase in temperature initially and than sustained fever as high as 40°C (104°F)
Malaria + + + + + Microcytosis,

elevated LDH

"Tertian" fever: paroxysms occur every second day
Tuberculosis + + + + + + Mild normocytic anemiahyponatremia, and

hypercalcemia

Night sweats, constant fatigue
Mumps + + Relative lymphocytosis, serum amylaseelevated Parotidswelling/tenderness
Rheumatoid arthritis + + ESR and CRP elevated, positive rheumatoid factor Morning stiffness
SLE + + + + ESR and CRP elevated, positive ANA Fatigue
HIV + + + + Leukopenia Constant fatigue

CNS lymphoma must be differentiated from other causes of seizures, headache, and fever in immunocompromised patients such as disseminated tuberculosis and disseminated aspergillosis.

Disease Differentiating signs and symptoms Differentiating tests
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
CNS lymphoma
Disseminated tuberculosis
Aspergillosis
Cryptococcosis
Chagas disease
CMV infection
HSV infection
Varicella Zoster infection
Brain abscess
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
  • Symptoms are often more insidious in onset and progress over months. Symptoms include progressive weakness, poor coordination, with gradual slowing of mental function. Only seen in the immunosuppressed. Rarely associated with fever or other systemic symptoms











Case courtesy of Dr Bahman Rasuli, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 90579

Classification

Syncope is classified into three components:


Classification of Syncope
Type Pathophysiology Treatment Additional information




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
syncope
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
cardiac
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
neurogenic
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
C01
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
D01
 
D02
 
 
 
 
 
D03
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
E01
 
 
 
 
 
 
E02
 
 
E03
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F01
 
 
F02








File:Fl000816-300x300.jpg
wikimedia commons


disease



Syncope is classified into three types.


Wikimedia commons



Syncope classification
Cardia

Syncope

Syncope is classified to three types:

Syncope is classified into three types:



Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2]


<nowiki>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Syncope
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
B01
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
C01
 
 
 
 
C03
 
 
 
 
C02
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
D01'
D01
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
D02'
D02
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
E01
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
E02
 
E03
 
 
E04
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F01
 
F02
 
 
F03
Source:Wikimedia commons
Source:Wikimedia commons


Syncope classifications:

  • Orthostatic:
  • Cardiac
  • Neurolgoic


Syncope ddx
Clinical manifestations