Normocytic anemia: Difference between revisions

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! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ferritin
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ferritin
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" | Transferrin saturation
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" | Transferrin saturation
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Iron deficiency anemia]]<ref name="pmid25946282">{{cite journal |vauthors=Camaschella C |title=Iron-deficiency anemia |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=372 |issue=19 |pages=1832–43 |date=May 2015 |pmid=25946282 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra1401038 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Menorrhagia]]
* [[GI]] loss
* [[Gastrointestinal tract|GI]] surgery
* [[Pregnancy]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Koilonychia]]
* [[Pica]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Glossitis]]
* [[Cheilosis]]
* [[Dysphagia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Hypochromic anemia|Hypochromic]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Microcytic anemia|Microcytic]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl or ↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓↓↓
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Central [[pallor]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Iron deficiency anemia]] (early phase)<ref name="pmid24972460">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Andrade Cairo RC, Rodrigues Silva L, Carneiro Bustani N, Ferreira Marques CD |title=Iron deficiency anemia in adolescents; a literature review |journal=Nutr Hosp |volume=29 |issue=6 |pages=1240–9 |date=June 2014 |pmid=24972460 |doi=10.3305/nh.2014.29.6.7245 |url=}}</ref>
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Iron deficiency anemia]] (early phase)<ref name="pmid24972460">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Andrade Cairo RC, Rodrigues Silva L, Carneiro Bustani N, Ferreira Marques CD |title=Iron deficiency anemia in adolescents; a literature review |journal=Nutr Hosp |volume=29 |issue=6 |pages=1240–9 |date=June 2014 |pmid=24972460 |doi=10.3305/nh.2014.29.6.7245 |url=}}</ref>
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* [[Hereditary elliptocytosis|Elliptocytosis]]
* [[Hereditary elliptocytosis|Elliptocytosis]]
* Hypochromasia
* Hypochromasia
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Lead poisoning]]<ref name="pmid25220013">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bain BJ |title=Lead poisoning |journal=Am. J. Hematol. |volume=89 |issue=12 |pages=1141 |date=December 2014 |pmid=25220013 |doi=10.1002/ajh.23852 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* House painted with chipped paint
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Burtonian lines
* [[Basophilic]] [[Stippling (dentistry)|stippling]]
* [[Wrist drop]]
* [[Foot drop]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Wrist drop]]
* [[Foot drop]]
* Burtonian lines
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Intravascular|Hypochromic]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Microcytic anemia|Microcytic]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl or ↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl to ↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl to ↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Red blood cell|RBCs]] retain aggregates of [[Ribosomal RNA|rRNA]]
* Basophilic stippling
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Sideroblastic anemia]]<ref name="pmid25064706">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bottomley SS, Fleming MD |title=Sideroblastic anemia: diagnosis and management |journal=Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=653–70, v |date=August 2014 |pmid=25064706 |doi=10.1016/j.hoc.2014.04.008 |url=}}</ref>
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Defect in [[ALA synthase]] gene
* [[Autosomal dominant]]
* [[Autosomal recessive]]
* [[X-linked]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Alcohol]] abuse
* [[Isoniazid]] use
* [[Chloramphenicol]] use
* [[Idiopathic]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Seborrheic dermatitis]]
* Glossy Tongue
* [[Tingling]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Patient present with symptoms of [[Vitamin B6]], [[copper deficiency]] symptoms
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Hypochromic anemia|Hypochromic]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Microcytic anemia|Microcytic]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl or ↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl to ↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Ringed [[Sideroblastic|sideroblasts]]
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Disease
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Genetics
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hemolysis
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Intrinsic/Extrinsic
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hb concentration
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |MCV
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |RDW
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reticulocytosis
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Haptoglobin levels
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepcidin
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum iron
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum Tfr level
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |IBC
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ferritin
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Transferrin saturation
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Specific finding on blood smear
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Anemia of chronic disease]]<ref name="pmid21239806">{{cite journal |vauthors=Roy CN |title=Anemia of inflammation |journal=Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program |volume=2010 |issue= |pages=276–80 |date=2010 |pmid=21239806 |doi=10.1182/asheducation-2010.1.276 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
* [[SLE]]
* [[Neoplasm]]
* [[Chronic kidney disease]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Headache]]
* [[Shortness of breath]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Hypochromic anemia|Hypochromic]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Microcytic anemia|Microcytic]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl or ↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | NA
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Thalassemia]]<ref name="pmid25500521">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zainal NZ, Alauddin H, Ahmad S, Hussin NH |title=α-Thalassemia with Haemoglobin Adana mutation: prenatal diagnosis |journal=Malays J Pathol |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=207–11 |date=December 2014 |pmid=25500521 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | '''[[Thalassemia|α-thalassemia]]'''
* '''''α'''''- globin gene deletions
* [[Cis]] deletions
* [[Trans]] deletions
'''[[Thalassemia|β-thalassemia]]'''
* [[Point mutation]] in [[Splice site|splice sites]] and promoter sequences
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Associated with [[parvovirus B19]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Thalassemia|'''α-thalassemia''']]
* [[Hydrops fetalis]]
[[Thalassemia|'''β-thalassemia''']]
* [[Skeletal]] deformities
* Chipmunk facies
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Hepatomegaly]]
* [[Splenomegaly]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Hypochromic anemia|Hypochromic]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Microcytic anemia|Microcytic]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Thalassemia trait: Nl or ↓
* Thalassemia Syndromes: ↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl to ↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl to ↑
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Target cell|Target cells]]
* Anisopoikilocytosis
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency|G6pd deficiency]]<ref name="pmid24372186">{{cite journal |vauthors=Luzzatto L, Seneca E |title=G6PD deficiency: a classic example of pharmacogenetics with on-going clinical implications |journal=Br. J. Haematol. |volume=164 |issue=4 |pages=469–80 |date=February 2014 |pmid=24372186 |pmc=4153881 |doi=10.1111/bjh.12665 |url=}}</ref>
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency|G6pd deficiency]]<ref name="pmid24372186">{{cite journal |vauthors=Luzzatto L, Seneca E |title=G6PD deficiency: a classic example of pharmacogenetics with on-going clinical implications |journal=Br. J. Haematol. |volume=164 |issue=4 |pages=469–80 |date=February 2014 |pmid=24372186 |pmc=4153881 |doi=10.1111/bjh.12665 |url=}}</ref>
Line 568: Line 393:
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
* [[Red blood cell|RBC]] agglutination
* [[Red blood cell|RBC]] agglutination
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Disease
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Genetics
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hemolysis
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Intrinsic/Extrinsic
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hb concentration
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |MCV
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |RDW
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reticulocytosis
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Haptoglobin levels
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepcidin
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum iron
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum Tfr level
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |IBC
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ferritin
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Transferrin saturation
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Specific finding on blood smear
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Aplastic anemia]]<ref name="pmid24424170">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dolberg OJ, Levy Y |title=Idiopathic aplastic anemia: diagnosis and classification |journal=Autoimmun Rev |volume=13 |issue=4-5 |pages=569–73 |date=2014 |pmid=24424170 |doi=10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.014 |url=}}</ref>
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Aplastic anemia]]<ref name="pmid24424170">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dolberg OJ, Levy Y |title=Idiopathic aplastic anemia: diagnosis and classification |journal=Autoimmun Rev |volume=13 |issue=4-5 |pages=569–73 |date=2014 |pmid=24424170 |doi=10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.014 |url=}}</ref>
Line 603: Line 448:
* [[Pancytopenia]]
* [[Pancytopenia]]
* Fatty [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]]
* Fatty [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]]
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Disease
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Genetics
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hemolysis
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Intrinsic/Extrinsic
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hb concentration
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |MCV
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |RDW
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reticulocytosis
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Haptoglobin levels
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepcidin
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum iron
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum Tfr level
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |IBC
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ferritin
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Transferrin saturation
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Specific finding on blood smear
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Folate deficiency]]<ref name="pmid25663227">{{cite journal |vauthors=Koike H, Takahashi M, Ohyama K, Hashimoto R, Kawagashira Y, Iijima M, Katsuno M, Doi H, Tanaka F, Sobue G |title=Clinicopathologic features of folate-deficiency neuropathy |journal=Neurology |volume=84 |issue=10 |pages=1026–33 |date=March 2015 |pmid=25663227 |doi=10.1212/WNL.0000000000001343 |url=}}</ref>
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Impaired [[DNA]] synthesis
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Long-term effects of alcohol|Alcohol consumption]]
* History of using drugs like [[methotrexate]], [[trimethoprim]], and [[phenytoin]]
* Low socioeconomic groups with poor nutrition
* Older people
* [[Pregnancy|Pregnant]] and [[lactating]] women
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* No neurological symptoms vs [[Vitamin B12 deficiency|B12 deficiency]]
* [[Odinophagia|Odynophagia]]
* [[Stomatitis|Angular stomatitis]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Glossitis]]
* Signs of [[Congestive heart failure|heart failure]]
* [[Anencephaly]] and [[spina bifida]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Macrocytosis|RBC macrocytosis]]
* [[Neutrophil|Hypersegmented neutrophils]]
* [[Pancytopenia]] in severe cases
*
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Vitamin B12 deficiency]]<ref name="pmid25189324">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hunt A, Harrington D, Robinson S |title=Vitamin B12 deficiency |journal=BMJ |volume=349 |issue= |pages=g5226 |date=September 2014 |pmid=25189324 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Impaired [[DNA synthesis]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Pernicious anemia]]
* [[Crohn's disease]]
* [[Gastrectomy]]
* [[Vegan|Veganism]]
* [[Diphyllobothrium|Diphyllobothrium latum]] infection
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Psychosis]]
* [[Insomnia]]
* [[Depression]]
* Cognitive slowing
* [[Restless leg syndrome]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Neurological deficit
* [[Myelopathy]]
* [[Memory loss]] with reduced attention span
* [[Nystagmus]]
* Positive [[Romberg test|romberg sign]]
* Positive [[Lhermitte's sign]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Senile]] [[neutrophil]]
* [[Anisocytosis]]
* [[Ovalocytosis|Ovalocytes]]
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Orotic aciduria]]<ref name="pmid25757096">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grohmann K, Lauffer H, Lauenstein P, Hoffmann GF, Seidlitz G |title=Hereditary orotic aciduria with epilepsy and without megaloblastic anemia |journal=Neuropediatrics |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=123–5 |date=April 2015 |pmid=25757096 |doi=10.1055/s-0035-1547341 |url=}}</ref>
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Autosomal recessive]]
* Deficiency of enzyme [[Uridine monophosphate synthetase|UMPS]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Episodic [[Nausea and vomiting|vomiting]]
* [[Rhabdomyolysis]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Coma]]
* [[Gastrointestinal tract|Gastrointestinal]] manifestation
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Neurological manifestation
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Fanconi anemia]]<ref name="pmid25455269">{{cite journal |vauthors=Alter BP |title=Fanconi anemia and the development of leukemia |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Haematol |volume=27 |issue=3-4 |pages=214–21 |date=2014 |pmid=25455269 |pmc=4254647 |doi=10.1016/j.beha.2014.10.002 |url=}}</ref>
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Autosomal recessive]]
* [[X-linked recessive]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* History of [[anemia]] at age 16
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Hypopigmentation]]
* [[Café au lait spot|Cafe-au-lait patches]]
* Radial ray anomaly
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Significant for bilateral short thumbs
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Nl appearing [[White blood cells|WBC]], [[Red blood cell|RBC]] and [[Platelet|Platelets]]
* But the number is greatly reduced
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Disease
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Genetics
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hemolysis
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Intrinsic/Extrinsic
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hb concentration
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |MCV
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |RDW
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reticulocytosis
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Haptoglobin levels
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepcidin
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum iron
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum Tfr level
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |IBC
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ferritin
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Transferrin saturation
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Specific finding on blood smear
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Diamond-Blackfan anemia]]<ref name="pmid24665981">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vlachos A, Blanc L, Lipton JM |title=Diamond Blackfan anemia: a model for the translational approach to understanding human disease |journal=Expert Rev Hematol |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=359–72 |date=June 2014 |pmid=24665981 |doi=10.1586/17474086.2014.897923 |url=}}</ref>
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Mutations in:
* ''RPL5''
* ''RPL11''
* ''RPL35A''
* ''RPS7''
* ''RPS10''
* ''RPS17''
* ''RPS19''
* ''RPS24''
* ''RPS26''
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Associated with [[myelodysplastic syndrome]]
* Increased risk of [[AML]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Pale skin]]
* Sleepiness
* [[Murmur|Heart murmurs]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Triphalangeal  thumbs
* [[Short stature]]
* [[Microcephaly]]
* [[Hypertelorism]]
* [[Ptosis]]
* [[Micrognathia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Infection|Infections]]<ref name="pmid23324217">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bustinduy AL, Parraga IM, Thomas CL, Mungai PL, Mutuku F, Muchiri EM, Kitron U, King CH |title=Impact of polyparasitic infections on anemia and undernutrition among Kenyan children living in a Schistosoma haematobium-endemic area |journal=Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. |volume=88 |issue=3 |pages=433–40 |date=March 2013 |pmid=23324217 |pmc=3592521 |doi=10.4269/ajtmh.12-0552 |url=}}</ref>
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Infection|Infections]]<ref name="pmid23324217">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bustinduy AL, Parraga IM, Thomas CL, Mungai PL, Mutuku F, Muchiri EM, Kitron U, King CH |title=Impact of polyparasitic infections on anemia and undernutrition among Kenyan children living in a Schistosoma haematobium-endemic area |journal=Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. |volume=88 |issue=3 |pages=433–40 |date=March 2013 |pmid=23324217 |pmc=3592521 |doi=10.4269/ajtmh.12-0552 |url=}}</ref>
Line 872: Line 505:
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hepato-biliary diseases|Liver disease]]<ref name="pmid23953338">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marks PW |title=Hematologic manifestations of liver disease |journal=Semin. Hematol. |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=216–21 |date=July 2013 |pmid=23953338 |doi=10.1053/j.seminhematol.2013.06.003 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Hepatitis]]
* Binge drinking
* Gall bladder disease
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Jaundice]]
* [[Abdominal pain]]
* [[Itchy skin]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Ascites]]
* Right upper quadrant pain
* [[Hepatomegaly]]
* [[Edema|Swelling]] in the legs
* [[Ankle swelling]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Macrocyte|Round macrocytes]]
* [[Macrocyte|Target macrocytes]]
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Alcoholism]]<ref name="pmid24588059">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yokoyama A, Yokoyama T, Brooks PJ, Mizukami T, Matsui T, Kimura M, Matsushita S, Higuchi S, Maruyama K |title=Macrocytosis, macrocytic anemia, and genetic polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase-1B and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 in Japanese alcoholic men |journal=Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. |volume=38 |issue=5 |pages=1237–46 |date=May 2014 |pmid=24588059 |doi=10.1111/acer.12372 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* History of increased [[Effects of alcohol on the body|alcohol intake]]
* [[Folic acid deficiency]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Memory impairment]]
* [[Nausea]]
* [[Sweating]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Truncal [[obesity]]
* [[Asterixis]]
* [[Encephalopathy]]
* [[Spider angiomas]]
* [[Hematemesis]]
* [[Gynecomastia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Macrocyte|Oval macrocytes]]
* [[Neutrophil|Hypersegmented neutrophils]]
|-
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Disease
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Disease

Latest revision as of 16:56, 16 October 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Differentiating Normocytic Anemia from Other Diseases

To review the differential diagnosis of anemia, click here.

Disease Genetics Clinical manifestation Lab findings
History Symptoms Signs Hemolysis Intrinsic/Extrinsic Hb concentration MCV RDW Reticulocytosis Haptoglobin levels Hepcidin Iron studies Specific finding on blood smear
Serum iron Serum Tfr level Transferrin or TIBC Ferritin Transferrin saturation
Iron deficiency anemia (early phase)[1] Normochromic Normocytic Nl Nl
G6pd deficiency[2]
  • History of using
+ Intrinsic Normochromic Normocytic ↑ but usually causes resolution within 4-7 days Nl to ↑ Nl
Pyruvate kinase deficiency[3] + Intrinsic Normochromic Normocytic Nl Nl Nl
Disease Genetics History Symptoms Signs Hemolysis Intrinsic/Extrinsic Hb concentration MCV RDW Reticulocytosis Haptoglobin levels Hepcidin Serum iron Serum Tfr level IBC Ferritin Transferrin saturation Specific finding on blood smear
Sickle cell anemia[4] + Intrinsic Normochromic Normocytic Nl or moderately ↑ Nl Nl Nl or moderately ↑ Nl
HbC disease[5]
  • Glutamic acid–to-lysine mutation in β-globin
+ Intrinsic Normochromic Normocytic Nl Nl Nl Nl
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria[6][7] + Intrinsic Normochromic Normocytic Nl Nl NA
Hereditary spherocytosis[8] + Intrinsic Normochromic Normocytic Nl Nl Nl
  • Small, round RBCs with less surface area and no central pallor
Disease Genetics History Symptoms Signs Hemolysis Intrinsic/Extrinsic Hb concentration MCV RDW Reticulocytosis Haptoglobin levels Hepcidin Serum iron Serum Tfr level IBC Ferritin Transferrin saturation Specific finding on blood smear
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia[9][10] Associated with + Extrinsic Normochromic Normocytic Nl Nl
  • Helmet cells
Macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia[11] Associated with + Extrinsic Normochromic Normocytic Nl Nl
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia[12] Associated with:
  • Painful, blue fingers and toes with cold weather
+ Extrinsic Normochromic Normocytic Nl Nl
  • RBC agglutination
Disease Genetics History Symptoms Signs Hemolysis Intrinsic/Extrinsic Hb concentration MCV RDW Reticulocytosis Haptoglobin levels Hepcidin Serum iron Serum Tfr level IBC Ferritin Transferrin saturation Specific finding on blood smear
Aplastic anemia[13]
  • Symptoms based on underlying condition
Normochromic Normocytic Nl Nl Nl
Infections[14] Associated with + Extrinsic Normochromic Normocytic Nl Nl Nl
Chronic kidney disease[15] Normochromic Normocytic Nl/↑ Nl Nl
Disease Genetics History Symptoms Signs Hemolysis Intrinsic/Extrinsic Hb concentration MCV RDW Reticulocytosis Haptoglobin levels Hepcidin Serum iron Serum Tfr level IBC Ferritin Transferrin saturation Specific finding on blood smear

References

  1. De Andrade Cairo RC, Rodrigues Silva L, Carneiro Bustani N, Ferreira Marques CD (June 2014). "Iron deficiency anemia in adolescents; a literature review". Nutr Hosp. 29 (6): 1240–9. doi:10.3305/nh.2014.29.6.7245. PMID 24972460.
  2. Luzzatto L, Seneca E (February 2014). "G6PD deficiency: a classic example of pharmacogenetics with on-going clinical implications". Br. J. Haematol. 164 (4): 469–80. doi:10.1111/bjh.12665. PMC 4153881. PMID 24372186.
  3. Grace RF, Zanella A, Neufeld EJ, Morton DH, Eber S, Yaish H, Glader B (September 2015). "Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency: 2015 status report". Am. J. Hematol. 90 (9): 825–30. doi:10.1002/ajh.24088. PMC 5053227. PMID 26087744.
  4. Singh PC, Ballas SK (March 2015). "Emerging drugs for sickle cell anemia". Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 20 (1): 47–61. doi:10.1517/14728214.2015.985587. PMID 25431087.
  5. Lemonne N, Billaud M, Waltz X, Romana M, Hierso R, Etienne-Julan M, Connes P (2016). "Rheology of red blood cells in patients with HbC disease". Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc. 61 (4): 571–7. doi:10.3233/CH-141906. PMID 25335812.
  6. Bunyaratvej A, Butthep P (January 1992). "Cytometric analysis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria erythrocytes". J Med Assoc Thai. 75 Suppl 1: 237–42. PMID 1402472.
  7. Kahng J, Kim Y, Kim JO, Koh K, Lee JW, Han K (January 2015). "A novel marker for screening paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria using routine complete blood count and cell population data". Ann Lab Med. 35 (1): 35–40. doi:10.3343/alm.2015.35.1.35. PMC 4272963. PMID 25553278.
  8. Da Costa L, Galimand J, Fenneteau O, Mohandas N (July 2013). "Hereditary spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, and other red cell membrane disorders". Blood Rev. 27 (4): 167–78. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2013.04.003. PMID 23664421.
  9. Morishita E (July 2015). "[Diagnosis and treatment of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia]". Rinsho Ketsueki (in Japanese). 56 (7): 795–806. doi:10.11406/rinketsu.56.795. PMID 26251142.
  10. George JN, Charania RS (March 2013). "Evaluation of patients with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia". Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 39 (2): 153–60. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1333538. PMID 23390027.
  11. Westphal RG, Azen EA (May 1971). "Macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia due to congenital cardiovascular anomalies". JAMA. 216 (9): 1477–8. PMID 5108522.
  12. Hill QA (October 2015). "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia". Hematology. 20 (9): 553–4. doi:10.1179/1024533215Z.000000000401. PMID 26447931.
  13. Dolberg OJ, Levy Y (2014). "Idiopathic aplastic anemia: diagnosis and classification". Autoimmun Rev. 13 (4–5): 569–73. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.014. PMID 24424170.
  14. Bustinduy AL, Parraga IM, Thomas CL, Mungai PL, Mutuku F, Muchiri EM, Kitron U, King CH (March 2013). "Impact of polyparasitic infections on anemia and undernutrition among Kenyan children living in a Schistosoma haematobium-endemic area". Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 88 (3): 433–40. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.12-0552. PMC 3592521. PMID 23324217.
  15. Drawz P, Rahman M (June 2015). "Chronic kidney disease". Ann. Intern. Med. 162 (11): ITC1–16. doi:10.7326/AITC201506020. PMID 26030647.