Nasopharyngeal carcinoma screening: Difference between revisions

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{{Nasopharyngeal carcinoma}}
{{Nasopharyngeal carcinoma}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}}{{Homa}}{{Faizan}}
==Overview==
[[Screening (medicine)|Screening]] for nasopharyngeal carcinoma only is done in [[Endemic (epidemiology)|endemic]] areas. Different methods, such as measurement the [[Titer|titre]] of  different types of [[antibodies]] against [[Epstein Barr virus|EBV]] and [[plasma]] [[Epstein Barr virus|EBV]] [[DNA]], and [[endoscopic]] [[examination]] of [[nasopharynx]] can be used for [[screening]].
==Screening==
[[Screening (medicine)|Screening]] for nasopharyngeal carcinoma only is done in [[Endemic (epidemiology)|endemic]] areas, the [[Screening (medicine)|screening]] methods which can be used are:<ref name="AltunFandi1995">{{cite journal|last1=Altun|first1=M.|last2=Fandi|first2=A.|last3=Dupuis|first3=O.|last4=Cvitkovic|first4=E.|last5=Krajina|first5=Z.|last6=Eschwege|first6=F.|title=Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal cancer (UCNT): Current diagnostic and therapeutic aspects|journal=International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics|volume=32|issue=3|year=1995|pages=859–877|issn=03603016|doi=10.1016/0360-3016(95)00516-2}}</ref><ref name="WangTwu2010">{{cite journal|last1=Wang|first1=W.-Y.|last2=Twu|first2=C.-W.|last3=Chen|first3=H.-H.|last4=Jan|first4=J.-S.|last5=Jiang|first5=R.-S.|last6=Chao|first6=J. Y.C.|last7=Liang|first7=K.-L.|last8=Chen|first8=K.-W.|last9=Wu|first9=C.-T.|last10=Lin|first10=J.-C.|title=Plasma EBV DNA Clearance Rate as a Novel Prognostic Marker for Metastatic/Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma|journal=Clinical Cancer Research|volume=16|issue=3|year=2010|pages=1016–1024|issn=1078-0432|doi=10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2796}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Y. Zeng]], [[L. G. Zhang]], [[Y. C. Wu]], [[Y. S. Huang]], [[N. Q. Huang]], [[J. Y. Li]], [[Y. B. Wang]], [[M. K. Jiang]], [[Z. Fang]] & [[N. N. Meng]]
| title = Prospective studies on nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Epstein-Barr virus IgA/VCA antibody-positive persons in Wuzhou City, China
| journal = [[International journal of cancer]]
| volume = 36
| issue = 5
| pages = 545–547
| year = 1985
| month = November
| pmid = 4055129
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Y. S. Zong]], [[J. S. Sham]], [[M. H. Ng]], [[X. T. Ou]], [[Y. Q. Guo]], [[S. A. Zheng]], [[J. S. Liang]] & [[H. Qiu]]
| title = Immunoglobulin A against viral capsid antigen of Epstein-Barr virus and indirect mirror examination of the nasopharynx in the detection of asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
| journal = [[Cancer]]
| volume = 69
| issue = 1
| pages = 3–7
| year = 1992
| month = January
| pmid = 1309307
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Wei-min Cheng]], [[Kwok Hung Chan]], [[Hong-lin Chen]], [[Rui-xian Luo]], [[S. Park Ng]], [[Winsie Luk]], [[Bo-jian Zheng]], [[Ming-fang Ji]], [[Jin-sheng Liang]], [[Jonathan S. T. Sham]], [[De-Kun Wang]], [[Yong-sheng Zong]] & [[Mun Hon Ng]]
| title = Assessing the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma on the basis of EBV antibody spectrum
| journal = [[International journal of cancer]]
| volume = 97
| issue = 4
| pages = 489–492
| year = 2002
| month = February
| pmid = 11802211
}}</ref><ref name="ChienChen2001">{{cite journal|last1=Chien|first1=Yin-Chu|last2=Chen|first2=Jen-Yang|last3=Liu|first3=Mei-Ying|last4=Yang|first4=Hwai-I|last5=Hsu|first5=Mow-Ming|last6=Chen|first6=Chien-Jen|last7=Yang|first7=Czau-Siung|title=Serologic Markers of Epstein–Barr Virus Infection and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Taiwanese Men|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=345|issue=26|year=2001|pages=1877–1882|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa011610}}</ref><ref name="YuHsu2011">{{cite journal|last1=Yu|first1=K. J.|last2=Hsu|first2=W.-L.|last3=Pfeiffer|first3=R. M.|last4=Chiang|first4=C.-J.|last5=Wang|first5=C.-P.|last6=Lou|first6=P.-J.|last7=Cheng|first7=Y.-J.|last8=Gravitt|first8=P.|last9=Diehl|first9=S. R.|last10=Goldstein|first10=A. M.|last11=Chen|first11=C.-J.|last12=Hildesheim|first12=A.|title=Prognostic Utility of Anti-EBV Antibody Testing for Defining NPC Risk among Individuals from High-Risk NPC Families|journal=Clinical Cancer Research|volume=17|issue=7|year=2011|pages=1906–1914|issn=1078-0432|doi=10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-1681}}</ref><ref name="Leung2004">{{cite journal|last1=Leung|first1=S.-f.|title=Improved Accuracy of Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Combined Application of Circulating Epstein-Barr Virus DNA and Anti-Epstein-Barr Viral Capsid Antigen IgA Antibody|journal=Clinical Chemistry|volume=50|issue=2|year=2004|pages=339–345|issn=0009-9147|doi=10.1373/clinchem.2003.022426}}</ref>
*Measuring the [[Titer|titre]] levels of:
**[[Antibody]] against [[Epstein Barr virus|EBV]] immunoglobulin A capsod antigen (IgA VCA)
**[[Antibody]] against [[Epstein Barr virus|EBV]] immunoglobulin A early antigen (IgA EA)
**[[Antibody]] against [[Epstein Barr virus|EBV]] nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1-IgA)
**[[Antibody]] against [[EBV]]-specific DNase
**[[Plasma]] EBV DNA by real-time [[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]]
*[[Endoscopy|Endoscopic]] [[examination]] of [[nasopharynx]]


==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 22:54, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Homa Najafi, M.D.[2]Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [3]

Overview

Screening for nasopharyngeal carcinoma only is done in endemic areas. Different methods, such as measurement the titre of different types of antibodies against EBV and plasma EBV DNA, and endoscopic examination of nasopharynx can be used for screening.

Screening

Screening for nasopharyngeal carcinoma only is done in endemic areas, the screening methods which can be used are:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

References

  1. Altun, M.; Fandi, A.; Dupuis, O.; Cvitkovic, E.; Krajina, Z.; Eschwege, F. (1995). "Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal cancer (UCNT): Current diagnostic and therapeutic aspects". International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics. 32 (3): 859–877. doi:10.1016/0360-3016(95)00516-2. ISSN 0360-3016.
  2. Wang, W.-Y.; Twu, C.-W.; Chen, H.-H.; Jan, J.-S.; Jiang, R.-S.; Chao, J. Y.C.; Liang, K.-L.; Chen, K.-W.; Wu, C.-T.; Lin, J.-C. (2010). "Plasma EBV DNA Clearance Rate as a Novel Prognostic Marker for Metastatic/Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma". Clinical Cancer Research. 16 (3): 1016–1024. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2796. ISSN 1078-0432.
  3. Y. Zeng, L. G. Zhang, Y. C. Wu, Y. S. Huang, N. Q. Huang, J. Y. Li, Y. B. Wang, M. K. Jiang, Z. Fang & N. N. Meng (1985). "Prospective studies on nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Epstein-Barr virus IgA/VCA antibody-positive persons in Wuzhou City, China". International journal of cancer. 36 (5): 545–547. PMID 4055129. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. Y. S. Zong, J. S. Sham, M. H. Ng, X. T. Ou, Y. Q. Guo, S. A. Zheng, J. S. Liang & H. Qiu (1992). "Immunoglobulin A against viral capsid antigen of Epstein-Barr virus and indirect mirror examination of the nasopharynx in the detection of asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma". Cancer. 69 (1): 3–7. PMID 1309307. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. Wei-min Cheng, Kwok Hung Chan, Hong-lin Chen, Rui-xian Luo, S. Park Ng, Winsie Luk, Bo-jian Zheng, Ming-fang Ji, Jin-sheng Liang, Jonathan S. T. Sham, De-Kun Wang, Yong-sheng Zong & Mun Hon Ng (2002). "Assessing the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma on the basis of EBV antibody spectrum". International journal of cancer. 97 (4): 489–492. PMID 11802211. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. Chien, Yin-Chu; Chen, Jen-Yang; Liu, Mei-Ying; Yang, Hwai-I; Hsu, Mow-Ming; Chen, Chien-Jen; Yang, Czau-Siung (2001). "Serologic Markers of Epstein–Barr Virus Infection and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Taiwanese Men". New England Journal of Medicine. 345 (26): 1877–1882. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa011610. ISSN 0028-4793.
  7. Yu, K. J.; Hsu, W.-L.; Pfeiffer, R. M.; Chiang, C.-J.; Wang, C.-P.; Lou, P.-J.; Cheng, Y.-J.; Gravitt, P.; Diehl, S. R.; Goldstein, A. M.; Chen, C.-J.; Hildesheim, A. (2011). "Prognostic Utility of Anti-EBV Antibody Testing for Defining NPC Risk among Individuals from High-Risk NPC Families". Clinical Cancer Research. 17 (7): 1906–1914. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-1681. ISSN 1078-0432.
  8. Leung, S.-f. (2004). "Improved Accuracy of Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Combined Application of Circulating Epstein-Barr Virus DNA and Anti-Epstein-Barr Viral Capsid Antigen IgA Antibody". Clinical Chemistry. 50 (2): 339–345. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2003.022426. ISSN 0009-9147.


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