Mitral regurgitation

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Overview

Mitral regurgitation (MR), a valvular heart disease also known as mitral insufficiency, is the abnormal leaking of blood through the mitral valve, from the left ventricle into the left atrium of the heart.

Diagnostic Studies

There are many diagnostic tests that have abnormal results in the presence of mitral regurgitation.

These tests suggest the diagnosis of mitral regurgitation and may indicate to the physician that further testing is warranted. For instance, the electrocardiogram (ECG) in long standing mitral regurgitation may show evidence of left atrial enlargement and left ventricular hypertrophy.

Atrial fibrillation may also be noted on the ECG in individuals with chronic mitral regurgitation.

The ECG may not show any of these finding in the setting of acute mitral regurgitation.

The quantification of mitral regurgitation usually employs imaging studies such as echocardiography or magnetic resonance angiography of the heart.

Chest x-ray | Echocardiography

2-D Echocardiography

Rheumatic Mitral regurgitation | Myxomatous mitral valve | Annular calcification | Ischemic mitral regurgitation | Papillary muscle rupture | Functional mitral regurgitation

Severity Assessment

Colour flow mapping | Continuous wave doppler | Pulse wave Doppler | Vena contracta | Pulmonary Venous Flow | Regurgitant volume | Proximal isovelocity surface area | PISA radius | Regurgitant flow | Effective regurgitant orifice area | Diastolic Mitral Regurgitation

Treatment

Surgical Options

Surgery Indications | Timing of surgery | ACC/AHA Guidelines