Hypopituitarism risk factors: Difference between revisions
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Less common risk factors include: | Less common risk factors include: | ||
* Infiltrative disorders such as [[sarcoidosis]] and [[histiocytosis]]<ref name="pmid10770168">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaltsas GA, Powles TB, Evanson J, Plowman PN, Drinkwater JE, Jenkins PJ, Monson JP, Besser GM, Grossman AB |title=Hypothalamo-pituitary abnormalities in adult patients with langerhans cell histiocytosis: clinical, endocrinological, and radiological features and response to treatment |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=1370–6 |year=2000 |pmid=10770168 |doi=10.1210/jcem.85.4.6501 |url=}}</ref> | * Infiltrative disorders such as [[sarcoidosis]] and [[histiocytosis]]<ref name="pmid10770168">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaltsas GA, Powles TB, Evanson J, Plowman PN, Drinkwater JE, Jenkins PJ, Monson JP, Besser GM, Grossman AB |title=Hypothalamo-pituitary abnormalities in adult patients with langerhans cell histiocytosis: clinical, endocrinological, and radiological features and response to treatment |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=1370–6 |year=2000 |pmid=10770168 |doi=10.1210/jcem.85.4.6501 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* [[Traumatic brain injury]] causing skull fractures | * [[Traumatic brain injury]] causing skull fractures<ref name="pmid3018425">{{cite journal |vauthors=Edwards OM, Clark JD |title=Post-traumatic hypopituitarism. Six cases and a review of the literature |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=65 |issue=5 |pages=281–90 |year=1986 |pmid=3018425 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17467517">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schneider HJ, Aimaretti G, Kreitschmann-Andermahr I, Stalla GK, Ghigo E |title=Hypopituitarism |journal=Lancet |volume=369 |issue=9571 |pages=1461–70 |year=2007 |pmid=17467517 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60673-4 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10770165">{{cite journal |vauthors=Benvenga S, Campenní A, Ruggeri RM, Trimarchi F |title=Clinical review 113: Hypopituitarism secondary to head trauma |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=1353–61 |year=2000 |pmid=10770165 |doi=10.1210/jcem.85.4.6506 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11397882">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lieberman SA, Oberoi AL, Gilkison CR, Masel BE, Urban RJ |title=Prevalence of neuroendocrine dysfunction in patients recovering from traumatic brain injury |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=86 |issue=6 |pages=2752–6 |year=2001 |pmid=11397882 |doi=10.1210/jcem.86.6.7592 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15579748">{{cite journal |vauthors=Agha A, Thornton E, O'Kelly P, Tormey W, Phillips J, Thompson CJ |title=Posterior pituitary dysfunction after traumatic brain injury |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=89 |issue=12 |pages=5987–92 |year=2004 |pmid=15579748 |doi=10.1210/jc.2004-1058 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* [[Ischemic stroke]]<ref name="pmid20660027">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bondanelli M, Ambrosio MR, Carli A, Bergonzoni A, Bertocchi A, Zatelli MC, Ceruti S, Valle D, Basaglia N, degli Uberti EC |title=Predictors of pituitary dysfunction in patients surviving ischemic stroke |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=95 |issue=10 |pages=4660–8 |year=2010 |pmid=20660027 |doi=10.1210/jc.2010-0611 |url=}}</ref> | * [[Ischemic stroke]]<ref name="pmid20660027">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bondanelli M, Ambrosio MR, Carli A, Bergonzoni A, Bertocchi A, Zatelli MC, Ceruti S, Valle D, Basaglia N, degli Uberti EC |title=Predictors of pituitary dysfunction in patients surviving ischemic stroke |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=95 |issue=10 |pages=4660–8 |year=2010 |pmid=20660027 |doi=10.1210/jc.2010-0611 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* [[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]]<ref name="pmid17467517">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schneider HJ, Aimaretti G, Kreitschmann-Andermahr I, Stalla GK, Ghigo E |title=Hypopituitarism |journal=Lancet |volume=369 |issue=9571 |pages=1461–70 |year=2007 |pmid=17467517 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60673-4 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20105184">{{cite journal |vauthors=Klose M, Brennum J, Poulsgaard L, Kosteljanetz M, Wagner A, Feldt-Rasmussen U |title=Hypopituitarism is uncommon after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage |journal=Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) |volume=73 |issue=1 |pages=95–101 |year=2010 |pmid=20105184 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03791.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17895459">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schneider HJ, Kreitschmann-Andermahr I, Ghigo E, Stalla GK, Agha A |title=Hypothalamopituitary dysfunction following traumatic brain injury and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review |journal=JAMA |volume=298 |issue=12 |pages=1429–38 |year=2007 |pmid=17895459 |doi=10.1001/jama.298.12.1429 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24965315">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hannon MJ, Behan LA, O'Brien MM, Tormey W, Javadpour M, Sherlock M, Thompson CJ |title=Chronic hypopituitarism is uncommon in survivors of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage |journal=Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) |volume=82 |issue=1 |pages=115–21 |year=2015 |pmid=24965315 |doi=10.1111/cen.12533 |url=}}</ref> | * [[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]]<ref name="pmid17467517">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schneider HJ, Aimaretti G, Kreitschmann-Andermahr I, Stalla GK, Ghigo E |title=Hypopituitarism |journal=Lancet |volume=369 |issue=9571 |pages=1461–70 |year=2007 |pmid=17467517 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60673-4 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20105184">{{cite journal |vauthors=Klose M, Brennum J, Poulsgaard L, Kosteljanetz M, Wagner A, Feldt-Rasmussen U |title=Hypopituitarism is uncommon after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage |journal=Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) |volume=73 |issue=1 |pages=95–101 |year=2010 |pmid=20105184 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03791.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17895459">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schneider HJ, Kreitschmann-Andermahr I, Ghigo E, Stalla GK, Agha A |title=Hypothalamopituitary dysfunction following traumatic brain injury and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review |journal=JAMA |volume=298 |issue=12 |pages=1429–38 |year=2007 |pmid=17895459 |doi=10.1001/jama.298.12.1429 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24965315">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hannon MJ, Behan LA, O'Brien MM, Tormey W, Javadpour M, Sherlock M, Thompson CJ |title=Chronic hypopituitarism is uncommon in survivors of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage |journal=Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) |volume=82 |issue=1 |pages=115–21 |year=2015 |pmid=24965315 |doi=10.1111/cen.12533 |url=}}</ref> | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]
Overview
Hypopituitarism has a big variety of risk factors that increase the possibility of acquiring the disease. These risk factors incluide pituitary tumor, brain injury, head trauma, genetic defects, and brain surgery.
Risk Factors
More common risk factors
Common risk factors of hypopituitarism include the following: [1]
- Pituitary tumor or space occupying lesion
- Pituitary apoplexy
- Severe loss of blood: Sheehan syndrome, or postpartum hypopituitarism
- Pituitary surgery such as hypophysectomy
- Cranial radiation
- Genetic defects
- Hypothalamic disease
- Immunosuppression such as HIV and high dose glucocorticoid intake [2][3]
- Inflammatory processes such as
- Pituitary infarction
- Non-compliance with hormone replacement therapy
Less common risk factors
Less common risk factors include:
- Infiltrative disorders such as sarcoidosis and histiocytosis[4]
- Traumatic brain injury causing skull fractures[5][6][7][8][9]
- Ischemic stroke[10]
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage[6][11][12][13]
References
- ↑ Khajeh L, Blijdorp K, Neggers SJ, Ribbers GM, Dippel DW, van Kooten F (2014). "Hypopituitarism after subarachnoid haemorrhage, do we know enough?". BMC Neurol. 14: 205. doi:10.1186/s12883-014-0205-0. PMC 4207357. PMID 25312299.
- ↑ Harbeck B, Klose S, Buchfelder M, Brabant G, Lehnert H (2011). "Hypopituitarism in a HIV affected patient". Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes. 119 (10): 633–5. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1284366. PMID 21922454.
- ↑ Morichika D, Sato-Hisamoto A, Hotta K, Takata K, Iwaki N, Uchida K, Minami D, Kubo T, Tanimoto M, Kiura K (2014). "Fatal Candida septic shock during systemic chemotherapy in lung cancer patient receiving corticosteroid replacement therapy for hypopituitarism: a case report". Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. 44 (5): 501–5. doi:10.1093/jjco/hyu019. PMID 24646812.
- ↑ Kaltsas GA, Powles TB, Evanson J, Plowman PN, Drinkwater JE, Jenkins PJ, Monson JP, Besser GM, Grossman AB (2000). "Hypothalamo-pituitary abnormalities in adult patients with langerhans cell histiocytosis: clinical, endocrinological, and radiological features and response to treatment". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85 (4): 1370–6. doi:10.1210/jcem.85.4.6501. PMID 10770168.
- ↑ Edwards OM, Clark JD (1986). "Post-traumatic hypopituitarism. Six cases and a review of the literature". Medicine (Baltimore). 65 (5): 281–90. PMID 3018425.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Schneider HJ, Aimaretti G, Kreitschmann-Andermahr I, Stalla GK, Ghigo E (2007). "Hypopituitarism". Lancet. 369 (9571): 1461–70. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60673-4. PMID 17467517.
- ↑ Benvenga S, Campenní A, Ruggeri RM, Trimarchi F (2000). "Clinical review 113: Hypopituitarism secondary to head trauma". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85 (4): 1353–61. doi:10.1210/jcem.85.4.6506. PMID 10770165.
- ↑ Lieberman SA, Oberoi AL, Gilkison CR, Masel BE, Urban RJ (2001). "Prevalence of neuroendocrine dysfunction in patients recovering from traumatic brain injury". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86 (6): 2752–6. doi:10.1210/jcem.86.6.7592. PMID 11397882.
- ↑ Agha A, Thornton E, O'Kelly P, Tormey W, Phillips J, Thompson CJ (2004). "Posterior pituitary dysfunction after traumatic brain injury". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89 (12): 5987–92. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1058. PMID 15579748.
- ↑ Bondanelli M, Ambrosio MR, Carli A, Bergonzoni A, Bertocchi A, Zatelli MC, Ceruti S, Valle D, Basaglia N, degli Uberti EC (2010). "Predictors of pituitary dysfunction in patients surviving ischemic stroke". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95 (10): 4660–8. doi:10.1210/jc.2010-0611. PMID 20660027.
- ↑ Klose M, Brennum J, Poulsgaard L, Kosteljanetz M, Wagner A, Feldt-Rasmussen U (2010). "Hypopituitarism is uncommon after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage". Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf). 73 (1): 95–101. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03791.x. PMID 20105184.
- ↑ Schneider HJ, Kreitschmann-Andermahr I, Ghigo E, Stalla GK, Agha A (2007). "Hypothalamopituitary dysfunction following traumatic brain injury and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review". JAMA. 298 (12): 1429–38. doi:10.1001/jama.298.12.1429. PMID 17895459.
- ↑ Hannon MJ, Behan LA, O'Brien MM, Tormey W, Javadpour M, Sherlock M, Thompson CJ (2015). "Chronic hypopituitarism is uncommon in survivors of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage". Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf). 82 (1): 115–21. doi:10.1111/cen.12533. PMID 24965315.