Glomerular disease: Difference between revisions

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==Classification==
==Classification==
Glomerular dieseases can be classified into several clinical and pathological syndromes as below:


=== Glomerular dieseases can be classified into several clinical and pathological syndromes as below: ===
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!Syndrome
!Syndrome
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Glomerular diseases also may classified by their presentation as below:
=== Also, glomerular diseases can be classified based on their clinical and urinary pattern in to below types: ===
 
==== Mild nephritc: ====
This category include mild nephritic sediment that is associated with less than half involvement of glomeruli.
 
==== Severe nephritic: ====
More severe clinical features such as edema, heavy proteinuria, hypertension, and/or renal failure may occur.
 
==== Nephrotic: ====
This syndrome is associated with heavy proteinuria and lipiduria.
 
=== Glomerular diseases also may classified by their presentation as below: ===


====== Glomerular [[hematuria]]: ======
====== Glomerular [[hematuria]]: ======
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Glomerulonephritis may be proliferative or non-proliferative and may be associated with [[Nephrotic syndrome|nephrotic]] or [[Nephritic syndrome|nephritic]] features. The various types of glomerulonephritides should be differentiated from each other based on associations, presence of [[pitting edema]], hemeturia, [[hypertension]], [[hemoptysis]], [[oliguria]], peri-orbital edema, [[hyperlipidemia]], type of [[antibodies]], [[Light microscope|light]] and [[Electron microscopy|electron microscopic]] features.  
Glomerulonephritis may be proliferative or non-proliferative and may be associated with [[Nephrotic syndrome|nephrotic]] or [[Nephritic syndrome|nephritic]] features. The various types of glomerulonephritides should be differentiated from each other based on associations, presence of [[pitting edema]], hemeturia, [[hypertension]], [[hemoptysis]], [[oliguria]], peri-orbital edema, [[hyperlipidemia]], type of [[antibodies]], [[Light microscope|light]] and [[Electron microscopy|electron microscopic]] features.  
The following table differentiates between various types of glomerulonephritides:<ref name="pmid17195422">{{cite journal |vauthors=Saha TC, Singh H |title=Minimal change disease: a review |journal=South. Med. J. |volume=99 |issue=11 |pages=1264–70 |date=November 2006 |pmid=17195422 |doi=10.1097/01.smj.0000243183.87381.c2 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27092244">{{cite journal |vauthors=Saleem MA, Kobayashi Y |title=Cell biology and genetics of minimal change disease |journal=F1000Res |volume=5 |issue= |pages= |date=2016 |pmid=27092244 |pmc=4821284 |doi=10.12688/f1000research.7300.1 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26064510">{{cite journal |vauthors=Keskar V, Jamale TE, Kulkarni MJ, Kiggal Jagadish P, Fernandes G, Hase N |title=Minimal-change disease in adolescents and adults: epidemiology and therapeutic response |journal=Clin Kidney J |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=469–72 |date=October 2013 |pmid=26064510 |pmc=4438390 |doi=10.1093/ckj/sft063 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21974967">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chugh SS, Clement LC, Macé C |title=New insights into human minimal change disease: lessons from animal models |journal=Am. J. Kidney Dis. |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=284–92 |date=February 2012 |pmid=21974967 |pmc=3253318 |doi=10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.07.024 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28242845">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rosenberg AZ, Kopp JB |title=Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis |journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=502–517 |date=March 2017 |pmid=28242845 |pmc=5338705 |doi=10.2215/CJN.05960616 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25168829">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jefferson JA, Shankland SJ |title=The pathogenesis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis |journal=Adv Chronic Kidney Dis |volume=21 |issue=5 |pages=408–16 |date=September 2014 |pmid=25168829 |pmc=4149756 |doi=10.1053/j.ackd.2014.05.009 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2429634">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gephardt GN, Tubbs RR, Popowniak KL, McMahon JT |title=Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Immunohistologic study of 20 renal biopsy specimens |journal=Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. |volume=110 |issue=10 |pages=902–5 |date=October 1986 |pmid=2429634 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25558821">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lai WL, Yeh TH, Chen PM, Chan CK, Chiang WC, Chen YM, Wu KD, Tsai TJ |title=Membranous nephropathy: a review on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment |journal=J. Formos. Med. Assoc. |volume=114 |issue=2 |pages=102–11 |date=February 2015 |pmid=25558821 |doi=10.1016/j.jfma.2014.11.002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10495797">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wasserstein AG |title=Membranous glomerulonephritis |journal=J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=664–74 |date=April 1997 |pmid=10495797 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21949093">{{cite journal |vauthors=Suzuki H, Kiryluk K, Novak J, Moldoveanu Z, Herr AB, Renfrow MB, Wyatt RJ, Scolari F, Mestecky J, Gharavi AG, Julian BA |title=The pathophysiology of IgA nephropathy |journal=J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. |volume=22 |issue=10 |pages=1795–803 |date=October 2011 |pmid=21949093 |pmc=3892742 |doi=10.1681/ASN.2011050464 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23782179">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wyatt RJ, Julian BA |title=IgA nephropathy |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=368 |issue=25 |pages=2402–14 |date=June 2013 |pmid=23782179 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra1206793 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22373436">{{cite journal |vauthors=He S, Wu Z |title=Gene-based Higher Criticism methods for large-scale exonic single-nucleotide polymorphism data |journal=BMC Proc |volume=5 Suppl 9 |issue= |pages=S65 |date=November 2011 |pmid=22373436 |pmc=3287904 |doi=10.1186/1753-6561-5-S9-S65 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8746284">{{cite journal |vauthors=Higgins RM, Goldsmith DJ, Connolly J, Scoble JE, Hendry BM, Ackrill P, Venning MC |title=Vasculitis and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in the elderly |journal=Postgrad Med J |volume=72 |issue=843 |pages=41–4 |date=January 1996 |pmid=8746284 |pmc=2398323 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12631105">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jennette JC |title=Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis |journal=Kidney Int. |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=1164–77 |date=March 2003 |pmid=12631105 |doi=10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00843.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8914046">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bolton WK |title=Goodpasture's syndrome |journal=Kidney Int. |volume=50 |issue=5 |pages=1753–66 |date=November 1996 |pmid=8914046 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1090223">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mathew TH, Hobbs JB, Kalowski S, Sutherland PW, Kincaid-Smith P |title=Goodpasture's syndrome: normal renal diagnostic findings |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=215–8 |date=February 1975 |pmid=1090223 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18172777">{{cite journal |vauthors=Renaudineau Y, Le Meur Y |title=Renal involvement in Wegener's granulomatosis |journal=Clin Rev Allergy Immunol |volume=35 |issue=1-2 |pages=22–9 |date=October 2008 |pmid=18172777 |doi=10.1007/s12016-007-8066-6 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid6384024">{{cite journal |vauthors=Weiss MA, Crissman JD |title=Renal biopsy findings in Wegener's granulomatosis: segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis with glomerular thrombosis |journal=Hum. Pathol. |volume=15 |issue=10 |pages=943–56 |date=October 1984 |pmid=6384024 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16632015">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sinico RA, Di Toma L, Maggiore U, Tosoni C, Bottero P, Sabadini E, Giammarresi G, Tumiati B, Gregorini G, Pesci A, Monti S, Balestrieri G, Garini G, Vecchio F, Buzio C |title=Renal involvement in Churg-Strauss syndrome |journal=Am. J. Kidney Dis. |volume=47 |issue=5 |pages=770–9 |date=May 2006 |pmid=16632015 |doi=10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.01.026 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21325353">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cartin-Ceba R, Keogh KA, Specks U, Sethi S, Fervenza FC |title=Rituximab for the treatment of Churg-Strauss syndrome with renal involvement |journal=Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. |volume=26 |issue=9 |pages=2865–71 |date=September 2011 |pmid=21325353 |pmc=3218640 |doi=10.1093/ndt/gfq852 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20688249">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chung SA, Seo P |title=Microscopic polyangiitis |journal=Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am. |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=545–58 |date=August 2010 |pmid=20688249 |pmc=2917831 |doi=10.1016/j.rdc.2010.04.003 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18524109">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pagnoux C |title=[Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis] |language=French |journal=Rev Prat |volume=58 |issue=5 |pages=522–32 |date=March 2008 |pmid=18524109 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19908070">{{cite journal |vauthors=Alchi B, Jayne D |title=Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis |journal=Pediatr. Nephrol. |volume=25 |issue=8 |pages=1409–18 |date=August 2010 |pmid=19908070 |pmc=2887509 |doi=10.1007/s00467-009-1322-7 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid657595">{{cite journal |vauthors=Davis AE, Schneeberger EE, Grupe WE, McCluskey RT |title=Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN type I) and dense deposit disease (DDD) in children |journal=Clin. Nephrol. |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=184–93 |date=May 1978 |pmid=657595 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
The following table differentiates between various types of glomerulonephritides:<ref name="pmid17195422">{{cite journal |vauthors=Saha TC, Singh H |title=Minimal change disease: a review |journal=South. Med. J. |volume=99 |issue=11 |pages=1264–70 |date=November 2006 |pmid=17195422 |doi=10.1097/01.smj.0000243183.87381.c2 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27092244">{{cite journal |vauthors=Saleem MA, Kobayashi Y |title=Cell biology and genetics of minimal change disease |journal=F1000Res |volume=5 |issue= |pages= |date=2016 |pmid=27092244 |pmc=4821284 |doi=10.12688/f1000research.7300.1 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26064510">{{cite journal |vauthors=Keskar V, Jamale TE, Kulkarni MJ, Kiggal Jagadish P, Fernandes G, Hase N |title=Minimal-change disease in adolescents and adults: epidemiology and therapeutic response |journal=Clin Kidney J |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=469–72 |date=October 2013 |pmid=26064510 |pmc=4438390 |doi=10.1093/ckj/sft063 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21974967">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chugh SS, Clement LC, Macé C |title=New insights into human minimal change disease: lessons from animal models |journal=Am. J. Kidney Dis. |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=284–92 |date=February 2012 |pmid=21974967 |pmc=3253318 |doi=10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.07.024 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28242845">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rosenberg AZ, Kopp JB |title=Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis |journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=502–517 |date=March 2017 |pmid=28242845 |pmc=5338705 |doi=10.2215/CJN.05960616 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25168829">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jefferson JA, Shankland SJ |title=The pathogenesis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis |journal=Adv Chronic Kidney Dis |volume=21 |issue=5 |pages=408–16 |date=September 2014 |pmid=25168829 |pmc=4149756 |doi=10.1053/j.ackd.2014.05.009 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2429634">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gephardt GN, Tubbs RR, Popowniak KL, McMahon JT |title=Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Immunohistologic study of 20 renal biopsy specimens |journal=Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. |volume=110 |issue=10 |pages=902–5 |date=October 1986 |pmid=2429634 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25558821">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lai WL, Yeh TH, Chen PM, Chan CK, Chiang WC, Chen YM, Wu KD, Tsai TJ |title=Membranous nephropathy: a review on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment |journal=J. Formos. Med. Assoc. |volume=114 |issue=2 |pages=102–11 |date=February 2015 |pmid=25558821 |doi=10.1016/j.jfma.2014.11.002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10495797">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wasserstein AG |title=Membranous glomerulonephritis |journal=J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=664–74 |date=April 1997 |pmid=10495797 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21949093">{{cite journal |vauthors=Suzuki H, Kiryluk K, Novak J, Moldoveanu Z, Herr AB, Renfrow MB, Wyatt RJ, Scolari F, Mestecky J, Gharavi AG, Julian BA |title=The pathophysiology of IgA nephropathy |journal=J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. |volume=22 |issue=10 |pages=1795–803 |date=October 2011 |pmid=21949093 |pmc=3892742 |doi=10.1681/ASN.2011050464 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23782179">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wyatt RJ, Julian BA |title=IgA nephropathy |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=368 |issue=25 |pages=2402–14 |date=June 2013 |pmid=23782179 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra1206793 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22373436">{{cite journal |vauthors=He S, Wu Z |title=Gene-based Higher Criticism methods for large-scale exonic single-nucleotide polymorphism data |journal=BMC Proc |volume=5 Suppl 9 |issue= |pages=S65 |date=November 2011 |pmid=22373436 |pmc=3287904 |doi=10.1186/1753-6561-5-S9-S65 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8746284">{{cite journal |vauthors=Higgins RM, Goldsmith DJ, Connolly J, Scoble JE, Hendry BM, Ackrill P, Venning MC |title=Vasculitis and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in the elderly |journal=Postgrad Med J |volume=72 |issue=843 |pages=41–4 |date=January 1996 |pmid=8746284 |pmc=2398323 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12631105">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jennette JC |title=Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis |journal=Kidney Int. |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=1164–77 |date=March 2003 |pmid=12631105 |doi=10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00843.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8914046">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bolton WK |title=Goodpasture's syndrome |journal=Kidney Int. |volume=50 |issue=5 |pages=1753–66 |date=November 1996 |pmid=8914046 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1090223">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mathew TH, Hobbs JB, Kalowski S, Sutherland PW, Kincaid-Smith P |title=Goodpasture's syndrome: normal renal diagnostic findings |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=215–8 |date=February 1975 |pmid=1090223 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18172777">{{cite journal |vauthors=Renaudineau Y, Le Meur Y |title=Renal involvement in Wegener's granulomatosis |journal=Clin Rev Allergy Immunol |volume=35 |issue=1-2 |pages=22–9 |date=October 2008 |pmid=18172777 |doi=10.1007/s12016-007-8066-6 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid6384024">{{cite journal |vauthors=Weiss MA, Crissman JD |title=Renal biopsy findings in Wegener's granulomatosis: segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis with glomerular thrombosis |journal=Hum. Pathol. |volume=15 |issue=10 |pages=943–56 |date=October 1984 |pmid=6384024 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16632015">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sinico RA, Di Toma L, Maggiore U, Tosoni C, Bottero P, Sabadini E, Giammarresi G, Tumiati B, Gregorini G, Pesci A, Monti S, Balestrieri G, Garini G, Vecchio F, Buzio C |title=Renal involvement in Churg-Strauss syndrome |journal=Am. J. Kidney Dis. |volume=47 |issue=5 |pages=770–9 |date=May 2006 |pmid=16632015 |doi=10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.01.026 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21325353">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cartin-Ceba R, Keogh KA, Specks U, Sethi S, Fervenza FC |title=Rituximab for the treatment of Churg-Strauss syndrome with renal involvement |journal=Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. |volume=26 |issue=9 |pages=2865–71 |date=September 2011 |pmid=21325353 |pmc=3218640 |doi=10.1093/ndt/gfq852 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20688249">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chung SA, Seo P |title=Microscopic polyangiitis |journal=Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am. |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=545–58 |date=August 2010 |pmid=20688249 |pmc=2917831 |doi=10.1016/j.rdc.2010.04.003 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18524109">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pagnoux C |title=[Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis] |language=French |journal=Rev Prat |volume=58 |issue=5 |pages=522–32 |date=March 2008 |pmid=18524109 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19908070">{{cite journal |vauthors=Alchi B, Jayne D |title=Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis |journal=Pediatr. Nephrol. |volume=25 |issue=8 |pages=1409–18 |date=August 2010 |pmid=19908070 |pmc=2887509 |doi=10.1007/s00467-009-1322-7 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid657595">{{cite journal |vauthors=Davis AE, Schneeberger EE, Grupe WE, McCluskey RT |title=Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN type I) and dense deposit disease (DDD) in children |journal=Clin. Nephrol. |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=184–93 |date=May 1978 |pmid=657595 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


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Revision as of 20:06, 15 May 2018

This page contains general information about Glomerular disease. For more information on specific types, please visit the pages on nephritic syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, Fabry's disease, amyloidosis, pulmonary-renal syndromes (vasculitis), thin basement membrane disease, Alport's Syndrome, anti-GBM Disease, hypertensive nephrosclerosis, and subacute bacterial endocarditis.

Glomerular disease
Acute Glomerulonephritis: Micro H&E high mag; an excellent example of acute exudative glomerulonephritis.
Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology

Glomerular disease Main page

Glomerular disease patient information

Overview

Classification

1- Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
2- Renal disease due to Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis, or cardiac shunt
3- Lupus nephritis
4- Goodpasture syndrome
5- IgA nephropathy
6- Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener's)
7- Microscopic Polyangiitis
8- Churg-Strauss Syndrome
9- Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
10- Henoch-Schönlein purpura
11- Cryoglobulinemia
12- Minimal change disease
13- Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
14- Membranous glomerulonephritis
15- Diabetic Nephropathy
16- Glomerular deposition disease
17- Alport's Syndrome
18- Thin Basement Membrane Disease
19- Nail-Patella Syndrome
20- Hypertensive nephrosclerosis
21- Cholesterol Emboli
22- Sickle Cell Disease
23- Thrombotic Microangiopathies
24- Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome

Pathophysiology

Differential Diagnosis

Diagnosis

Prevention

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mehrian Jafarizade, M.D [2], Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [3]

Overview

Glomerular disease is a condition that affects the glomerulus. It consists of different diseases with different clinical courses and treatment options. Glomerular disease can be isolated hematuria, isolated proteinuria; acute or chronic glomerulonephritis, and nephrotic or nephritic features of glomerulonephritis. The end stage of all of these diseases will be glomerulosclerosi swhich is characterized by fibrosis of the glomerulus, and end-stage renal disease.


Classification

Glomerular dieseases can be classified into several clinical and pathological syndromes as below:

Syndrome Disease
Acute nephritic syndromes
Nephrotic syndrome
Glomerular Deposition Diseases
Pulmonary-Renal Syndromes:
Basement Membrane Syndromes
Glomerular-Vascular Syndromes
Infectious Disease–Associated Syndromes

Also, glomerular diseases can be classified based on their clinical and urinary pattern in to below types:

Mild nephritc:

This category include mild nephritic sediment that is associated with less than half involvement of glomeruli.

Severe nephritic:

More severe clinical features such as edema, heavy proteinuria, hypertension, and/or renal failure may occur.

Nephrotic:

This syndrome is associated with heavy proteinuria and lipiduria.

Glomerular diseases also may classified by their presentation as below:

Glomerular hematuria:

1- Isolated hematuria

2- Glomerulonephritis (nephritic syndrome)

Proteinuria:

1-Isolated non-nephrotic proteinuria 

2- Nephrotic syndrome

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis which is inflammation of the glomeruli can be classified based on pathogenic type into three subtypes:

  • Anti-GBM disease: Linear deposit
    1. Goodpasture syndrome (renal and lung involvement)
    2. Renal involvement alone
    3. Lung involvement alone

Glomerulonephritis (nephritic syndrome) also may be classified based on disease course into acute or chronic nephritic syndrome; primary vs secondary causes; or systemic vs renal limited disease. For more information about nephritic syndrome classifications click here.

Pathophysiology

Microscopic Pathology

Images shown below are courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology


Glomerulonephritis Videos

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

{{#ev:youtube|CqSyj4cVZPE}}


Chronic glomerulonephritis

{{#ev:youtube|eA1vYarRAWo}}

Images

Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology

Images:


Differential Diagnosis

Glomerulonephritis may be proliferative or non-proliferative and may be associated with nephrotic or nephritic features. The various types of glomerulonephritides should be differentiated from each other based on associations, presence of pitting edema, hemeturia, hypertension, hemoptysis, oliguria, peri-orbital edema, hyperlipidemia, type of antibodies, light and electron microscopic features. The following table differentiates between various types of glomerulonephritides:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]

Glomerular diseases Sub-entity Causes and associations History and Symtoms Laboratory Findings
Hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia Nephrotic features Nephritic features ANCA Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody (Anti-GBM antibody) Immune complex formation Light microscope Electron microscope Immunoflourescence pattern
History Pitting edema Hemeturia (pre-dominantly microscopic) Hypertension Hemoptysis Oliguria Peri-orbital edema
Acute Nephritic Syndromes Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
Lupus Nephritis
Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Disease
  • Young adults
+/- + + + + + - - + - + + + (Linear)
IgA Nephropathy +/- + + - + +/- - - + - - +
  • Crescent formation
-
ANCA Small-Vessel Vasculitis Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener's)
Microscopic Polyangiitis
Churg-Strauss Syndrome
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis +/- + + + + + - + - - - + + (Granular)
Mesangioproliferative Glomerulonephritis
Nephrotic Syndrome Minimal Change Disease + - - - +/- - + + - - - -
  • Normal
-
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
  • Adults
+ - - - +/- - + + - - - - -
Membranous Glomerulonephritis + - - - +/- - + + - - - + -
Diabetic Nephropathy
 Glomerular Deposition Diseases  Light Chain Deposition Disease
Renal Amyloidosis
Fibrillary-Immunotactoid Glomerulopathy
Fabry's Disease
Pulmonary-Renal Syndromes:  Goodpasture's syndrome granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) +/- + + + + + - - + + (C-ANCA) - - - (pauci-immune) +/-
Microscopic polyangiitis +/- + + + + + - - +

+ (P-ANCA)

- - - (pauci-immune) -
Churg-Strauss vasculitis +/- + + + + + - - +

+ (C-ANCA)

- - - (pauci-immune) -
Henoch-Schönlein purpura 
Cryoglobulinemia
Basement Membrane Syndromes  Anti-GBM Disease
Alport's Syndrome
Thin Basement Membrane Disease
Nail-Patella Syndrome
 Glomerular-Vascular Syndromes  Atherosclerotic Nephropathy
Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis
Cholesterol Emboli
Sickle Cell Disease
Thrombotic Microangiopathies
Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome 
 Infectious Disease–Associated Syndromes  Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis +/- + + + + + - - + - - + + (Granular)
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Hepatitis B and C
Other Viruses
Syphilis
Leprosy
Malaria
Schistosomiasis
Other Parasites

References

  1. Saha TC, Singh H (November 2006). "Minimal change disease: a review". South. Med. J. 99 (11): 1264–70. doi:10.1097/01.smj.0000243183.87381.c2. PMID 17195422.
  2. Saleem MA, Kobayashi Y (2016). "Cell biology and genetics of minimal change disease". F1000Res. 5. doi:10.12688/f1000research.7300.1. PMC 4821284. PMID 27092244.
  3. Keskar V, Jamale TE, Kulkarni MJ, Kiggal Jagadish P, Fernandes G, Hase N (October 2013). "Minimal-change disease in adolescents and adults: epidemiology and therapeutic response". Clin Kidney J. 6 (5): 469–72. doi:10.1093/ckj/sft063. PMC 4438390. PMID 26064510.
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