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==Overview==
==Overview==
Causes of eosinophilic lung diseases are acute eosinophilic pneumonia, chrnoic eosinophilic pneumonia, [[tropical pulmonary eosinophilia]], [[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis|eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis]], [[allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]], and [[medications]] such as [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug|nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]], [[Anticonvulsants]], [[Antidepressants]], [[Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors]], and [[Beta blockers]].


==Causes==
==Causes==


==== '''Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP)''' ====
==== '''Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP)''' ====
* The cause of acute eosinophilic pneumonia is unknown.
* The cause of acute eosinophilic pneumonia is unknown but an acute [[hypersensitivity reaction]] is suggested.<ref name="pmid27514599">{{cite journal| author=Cottin V| title=Eosinophilic Lung Diseases. | journal=Clin Chest Med | year= 2016 | volume= 37 | issue= 3 | pages= 535-56 | pmid=27514599 | doi=10.1016/j.ccm.2016.04.015 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27514599  }}</ref>
* Some investigators have suggested that AEP is an acute hypersensitivity reaction to an unidentified inhaled antigen in an otherwise healthy individual [1].  
'''Chrnoic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP)'''
'''Chrnoic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP)'''
* [[Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia]] is an  characterized by an abnormal and marked accumulation of [[eosinophils]] in the [[interstitium]] and alveolar spaces of [[Lung|the lung]].<ref name="pmid29404185">{{cite journal| author=Yıldız T, Dülger S| title=Non-astmatic Eosinophilic Bronchitis. | journal=Turk Thorac J | year= 2018 | volume= 19 | issue= 1 | pages= 41-45 | pmid=29404185 | doi=10.5152/TurkThoracJ.2017.17017 | pmc=5783052 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29404185  }}</ref>


Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) is an idiopathic disorder characterized by an abnormal and marked accumulation of eosinophils in the interstitium and alveolar spaces of the lung
==== '''Transpulmonary passage of [[Helminth|helminth larvae]] (Löffler syndrome)''' ====
* Three types of helminths, ''[[Ascariasis|Ascaris]]'', [[hookworms]], and ''[[Strongyloides stercoralis]]'', have larvae that reach the lungs, penetrate into [[alveoli]], and ascend the airways then reach the [[gastrointestinal tract]].
* ''[[Ascariasis|Ascaris]]'' is the most common cause of [[Löffler's syndrome|Löffler syndrome]] worldwide.<ref>{{Cite journal


==== '''Transpulmonary passage of helminth larvae (Löffler syndrome)''' ====
| pmid = 13331628
* Three types of helminths, ''Ascaris (A. lumbricoides'', ''A. suum''), hookworms (''Ancylostoma duodenale'', ''Necator americanus''), and ''Strongyloides stercoralis'', have larvae that reach the lungs, penetrate into alveoli, and ascend the airways then reach the gastrointestinal tract. [10]
}}</ref><ref name="pmid294693162">{{cite journal| author=Yang Z, Lei W, Xiao-Li L, Xiao-Jun T, Wei L, Yi-Jun A et al.| title=[Clinical features of imported schistosomiasis mansoni in Beijing City：a report of 6 cases]. | journal=Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi | year= 2017 | volume= 29 | issue= 2 | pages= 150-154 | pmid=29469316 | doi=10.16250/j.32.1374.2016207 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29469316  }}</ref>
* ''Ascaris'' is the most common cause of Löffler syndrome worldwide. [11]


==== '''Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia''' ====
==== '''Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia''' ====
* Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia is immune response to the bloodborne microfilarial stages of the lymphatic filariae and Wuchereria bancrofti.  [16-18].
* [[Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia]] is immune response to the [[Lymphatic filariasis|lymphatic filariae]] and [[Wuchereria bancrofti]].<ref>{{Cite journal
* The typical symptoms are cough, breathlessness, wheezing, fatigue, and fever. Pulmonary function tests may show a mixed restrictive and obstructive abnormality with a reduction in diffusion capacity. [18]
 
  | pmid = 15486834
}}</ref>
* [[Pulmonary function tests]] may show a mixed restrictive and obstructive abnormality with a reduction in [[diffusion capacity]].<ref>{{Cite journal
 
| author = [[Jai B. Mullerpattan]], [[Zarir F. Udwadia]] & [[Farokh E. Udwadia]]
| title = Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia--a review
| journal = [[The Indian journal of medical research]]
| volume = 138
| issue = 3
| pages = 295–302
| year = 2013
| month = September
| pmid = 24135173
}}</ref>


==== '''Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis''' ====
==== '''Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis''' ====
* Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) is a vasculitic disorder often characterized by sinusitis, asthma, and prominent peripheral blood eosinophilia.  [49]  
* [[Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis]] ([[Churg-Strauss syndrome|Churg-Strauss]]) is a vasculitic disorder often characterized by [[sinusitis]], [[asthma]], and prominent peripheral [[Eosinophilia|blood eosinophilia]].<ref>{{Cite journal
* It is the sole form of vasculitis that is associated with both eosinophilia and frequent lung involvement. In addition to the lungs, the skin and the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, and neurologic systems may also be involved.
 
| author = [[L. Guillevin]], [[P. Cohen]], [[M. Gayraud]], [[F. Lhote]], [[B. Jarrousse]] & [[P. Casassus]]
| title = Churg-Strauss syndrome. Clinical study and long-term follow-up of 96 patients
  | journal = [[Medicine]]
| volume = 78
| issue = 1
| pages = 26–37
| year = 1999
| month = January
| pmid = 9990352
}}</ref>
* It is the sole form of [[vasculitis]] that is associated with both eosinophilia and frequent lung involvement.  
* In addition to the lungs, the skin and the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, and neurologic systems may also be involved.


==== '''Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis''' ====
==== '''Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis''' ====
* Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a complex hypersensitivity reaction that occurs when airways become colonized by ''Aspergillus.'' [51]
* [[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]] is a complex [[hypersensitivity reaction]] that occurs when airways become colonized by ''[[Aspergillus]].''<ref>{{Cite journal
* Repeated episodes of bronchial obstruction, inflammation, and mucoid impaction can lead to bronchiectasis, fibrosis, and respiratory compromise.
 
* Immunologic responses elicited by ''Aspergillus fumigatus'' are responsible for this syndrome.
| pmid = 16612769
}}</ref>
* Immunologic responses elicited by ''[[Aspergillus fumigatus]]'' are responsible for this syndrome. It can lead to [[bronchiectasis]], and [[fibrosis]].


==== Drugs and toxins ====
==== Drugs and toxins ====
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction that includes skin eruption, eosinophilia, atypical lymphocytosis, lymphadenopathy, and kidney involvement. Drugs causing DRESS are:
[[Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms]] (DRESS) is a [[Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome|drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction]] that includes skin eruption, [[eosinophilia]], [[Atypical lymphocyte|atypical lymphocytosis]], [[lymphadenopathy]], and kidney involvement. Drugs causing DRESS are:<ref>{{Cite journal
* Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) [26]
 
* anticonvulsants
| author = [[Peter W. Kim]], [[Alfred F. Sorbello]], [[Ronald T. Wassel]], [[Tracy M. Pham]], [[Joseph M. Tonning]] & [[Sumathi Nambiar]]
* antidepressants
| title = Eosinophilic pneumonia in patients treated with daptomycin: review of the literature and US FDA adverse event reporting system reports
* angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
| journal = [[Drug safety]]
* beta blockers
| volume = 35
* hydrochlorothiazide
| issue = 6
* sulfa-containing compounds [27]
| pages = 447–457
| year = 2012
| month = June
| doi = 10.2165/11597460-000000000-00000
| pmid = 22612850
}}</ref>
* [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug|Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]]
* [[Anticonvulsants]]
* [[Antidepressants]]
* [[Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors]]
* [[Beta blockers]]
* [[Hydrochlorothiazide]]
* [[Cocaine]]<ref name="pmid29487790">{{cite journal| author=Reyes F, Vaitkus V, Al-Ajam M| title=A case of cocaine-induced eosinophilic pneumonia: Case report and review of the literature. | journal=Respir Med Case Rep | year= 2018 | volume= 23 | issue=  | pages= 98-102 | pmid=29487790 | doi=10.1016/j.rmcr.2017.12.012 | pmc=5805849 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29487790  }}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Disease]]

Latest revision as of 18:29, 29 March 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammed Abdelwahed M.D[2]

Overview

Causes of eosinophilic lung diseases are acute eosinophilic pneumonia, chrnoic eosinophilic pneumonia, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Anticonvulsants, Antidepressants, Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and Beta blockers.

Causes

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP)

Chrnoic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP)

Transpulmonary passage of helminth larvae (Löffler syndrome)

Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

Drugs and toxins

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction that includes skin eruption, eosinophilia, atypical lymphocytosis, lymphadenopathy, and kidney involvement. Drugs causing DRESS are:[9]

References

  1. ↑ Cottin V (2016). "Eosinophilic Lung Diseases". Clin Chest Med. 37 (3): 535–56. doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2016.04.015. PMID 27514599.
  2. ↑ Yıldız T, Dülger S (2018). "Non-astmatic Eosinophilic Bronchitis". Turk Thorac J. 19 (1): 41–45. doi:10.5152/TurkThoracJ.2017.17017. PMC 5783052. PMID 29404185.
  3. ↑ . PMID 13331628. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  4. ↑ Yang Z, Lei W, Xiao-Li L, Xiao-Jun T, Wei L, Yi-Jun A; et al. (2017). "[Clinical features of imported schistosomiasis mansoni in Beijing City：a report of 6 cases]". Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi. 29 (2): 150–154. doi:10.16250/j.32.1374.2016207. PMID 29469316.
  5. ↑ . PMID 15486834. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. ↑ Jai B. Mullerpattan, Zarir F. Udwadia & Farokh E. Udwadia (2013). "Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia--a review". The Indian journal of medical research. 138 (3): 295–302. PMID 24135173. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ L. Guillevin, P. Cohen, M. Gayraud, F. Lhote, B. Jarrousse & P. Casassus (1999). "Churg-Strauss syndrome. Clinical study and long-term follow-up of 96 patients". Medicine. 78 (1): 26–37. PMID 9990352. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  8. ↑ . PMID 16612769. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  9. ↑ Peter W. Kim, Alfred F. Sorbello, Ronald T. Wassel, Tracy M. Pham, Joseph M. Tonning & Sumathi Nambiar (2012). "Eosinophilic pneumonia in patients treated with daptomycin: review of the literature and US FDA adverse event reporting system reports". Drug safety. 35 (6): 447–457. doi:10.2165/11597460-000000000-00000. PMID 22612850. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ Reyes F, Vaitkus V, Al-Ajam M (2018). "A case of cocaine-induced eosinophilic pneumonia: Case report and review of the literature". Respir Med Case Rep. 23: 98–102. doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2017.12.012. PMC 5805849. PMID 29487790.
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