Cystitis natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2]
Overview
Approximately 50% of patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis will recover without treatment within a few days or weeks. If left untreated, some patients with cystitis may progress to develop recurrent infection, pyelonephritis, hematuria, and rarely renal failure. Prognosis is generally good. The majority of patients with cystitis do not have recurrence or complications after treatment.[1]
Natural History
Approximately 50% of patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis will recover without treatment within a few days or weeks. If left untreated, some patients with cystitis may progress to develop recurrent infection, pyelonephritis, hematuria, and rarely renal failure.
Complications
Complications of cystitis include:[2][3][4][5]
- Hematuria
- Chronic or recurrent urinary tract infections
- Pyelonephritis
- Acute renal failure
- Adenocarcinoma of the bladder
Prognosis
Prognosis is generally good. The majority of patients with cystitis have a complete resolution of symptoms after treatment.[1] Recurrence is the most common complication of Cystitis. Every UTI increases the risk of subsequent UTI. An E.Coli increases the chance or recurrent infection atlas three times. Following the first UTI, 27% of women during the first 6 months and 48% of women during the first 12 months are considered to undergo another Urinary Tract Infection.[6][7]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Urinary Tract Infections in Adults. NIDDK 2016. http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/urologic-disease/urinary-tract-infections-in-adults/Pages/facts.aspx. Accessed on February 9, 2016
- ↑ Ząbkowski T, Jurkiewicz B, Saracyn M (2015). "Treatment of Recurrent Bacterial Cystitis by Intravesical Instillations of Hyaluronic Acid". Urol J. 12 (3): 2192–5. PMID 26135937.
- ↑ Hannan TJ, Roberts PL, Riehl TE, van der Post S, Binkley JM, Schwartz DJ; et al. (2014). "Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-2 Prevents Chronic and Recurrent Cystitis". EBioMedicine. 1 (1): 46–57. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2014.10.011. PMC 4457352. PMID 26125048.
- ↑ IMMERGUT S, COTTLER ZR (1950). "Mucin producing adenocarcinoma of the bladder associated with cystitis follicularis and glandularis". Urol Cutaneous Rev. 54 (9): 531–4. PMID 15443228.
- ↑ Tanaka T, Yamashita S, Mitsuzuka K, Yamada S, Kaiho Y, Nakagawa H; et al. (2013). "Encrusted cystitis causing postrenal failure". J Infect Chemother. 19 (6): 1193–5. doi:10.1007/s10156-013-0603-z. PMID 23605319.
- ↑ Foxman B, Gillespie B, Koopman J, Zhang L, Palin K, Tallman P; et al. (2000). "Risk factors for second urinary tract infection among college women". Am J Epidemiol. 151 (12): 1194–205. PMID 10905532.
- ↑ Salvatore S, Salvatore S, Cattoni E, Siesto G, Serati M, Sorice P; et al. (2011). "Urinary tract infections in women". Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 156 (2): 131–6. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.01.028. PMID 21349630.