Cellulitis causes: Difference between revisions

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| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Periorbital (preseptal) cellulitis
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Periorbital (preseptal) cellulitis
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Eyelid and periocular tissues
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Eyelid and periocular tissues
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | ''Staphylococcus aureus'', ''Streptococcus pneumoniae'', ''Streptococcus pyogenes''
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'', ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'', ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]''
|-
|-
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Buccal cellulitis in children without Hib vaccine
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Buccal cellulitis in children without Hib vaccine
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Cheek
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Cheek
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | ''Haemophilus influenzae''
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]''
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|-
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Cellulitis complicated by body piercing
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Cellulitis complicated by body piercing
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Ear, nose, umbilicus
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Ear, nose, umbilicus
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | ''S. aureus'', ''S. pyogenes''
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | ''[[S. aureus]]'', ''[[S. pyogenes]]''
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|-
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Perianal cellulitis
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Perianal cellulitis
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Perineum
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Perineum
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | ''S. pyogenes''
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | ''[[S. pyogenes]]''
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|-
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Subcutaneous injection of illicit drugs (“skin popping”)  
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Subcutaneous injection of illicit drugs (“skin popping”)  
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Extremities, neck
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Extremities, neck
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | ''S. aureus'', ''Streptococcus'' (group A, C, F, G)
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | ''[[S. aureus]]'', ''[[Streptococcus]]'' (group A, B, C, F, G)
|-
|-
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Breast surgert with axillary lymph node dissection
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Breast surgert with axillary lymph node dissection
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Ipsilateral arm
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Ipsilateral arm
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Non–group A hemolytic ''Streptococcus''
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Non–group A hemolytic ''[[Streptococcus]]''
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|-
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Harvest of saphenous vein
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Harvest of saphenous vein
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Ipsilateral leg
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Ipsilateral leg
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Group A or non–group A hemolytic ''Streptococcus''
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Group A or non–group A hemolytic ''[[Streptococcus]]''
|-
|-
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Crepitant or gangrenous cellulitis
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Crepitant or gangrenous cellulitis
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Extremities, Trunk
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Extremities, Trunk
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | ''Clostridium'' or non–spore-forming anaerobes; alone or with ''E. coli'', ''Klebsiella'', or ''Aeromonas''
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | ''[[Clostridium]]'' or non–spore-forming [[anaerobe]]s; alone or with ''[[E. coli]]'', ''[[Klebsiella]]'', or ''[[Aeromonas]]''
|-
|-
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Diabetic foot ulcer
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Diabetic foot ulcer
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Dorsum of foot or toes
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Dorsum of foot or toes
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top |  ''S. aureus'', ''Streptococcus'', ''Enterobacteriaceae'', ''P. aeruginosa'', ''Acinetobacter'', or anaerobes
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top |  ''[[S. aureus]]'', ''[[Streptococcus]]'', ''[[Enterobacteriaceae]]'', ''[[P. aeruginosa]]'', ''[[Acinetobacter]]'', or [[anaerobe]]s
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|-
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Exposure to salt water at breeches of skin
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Exposure to salt water at breeches of skin
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Extremities
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Extremities
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | ''Vibrio vulnificus''
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | ''[[Vibrio vulnificus]]''
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|-
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Exposure to fresh water at breeches of skin
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Exposure to fresh water at breeches of skin
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Extremities
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Extremities
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | ''Aeromonas hydrophila''
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | ''[[Aeromonas hydrophila]]''
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|-
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Medicinal leech therapy
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Medicinal leech therapy
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Extremities
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Extremities
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | ''Aeromonas hydrophila''
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | ''[[Aeromonas hydrophila]]''
|-
|-
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Working as a butcher, fish or clam handler, veterinarian
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Working as a butcher, fish or clam handler, veterinarian
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Fingers
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | Fingers
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | ''Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae''
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align=left valign=top | ''[[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae]]''
|}
|}



Revision as of 16:26, 21 May 2014

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Overview

Group A streptococcus and staphylococcus[1] are the most common causative agents of cellulitis. These bacteria are part of the normal flora living on the skin.

Causes

  • The causative pathogen of cellulitis varies with the anatomical location and the patient’s medical and exposure history.
Predisposing factor, anatomical location, and likely etiology of cellulitis[2]
Predisposing Factor Anatomical Location Likely Etiology
Periorbital (preseptal) cellulitis Eyelid and periocular tissues Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes
Buccal cellulitis in children without Hib vaccine Cheek Haemophilus influenzae
Cellulitis complicated by body piercing Ear, nose, umbilicus S. aureus, S. pyogenes
Perianal cellulitis Perineum S. pyogenes
Subcutaneous injection of illicit drugs (“skin popping”) Extremities, neck S. aureus, Streptococcus (group A, B, C, F, G)
Breast surgert with axillary lymph node dissection Ipsilateral arm Non–group A hemolytic Streptococcus
Harvest of saphenous vein Ipsilateral leg Group A or non–group A hemolytic Streptococcus
Crepitant or gangrenous cellulitis Extremities, Trunk Clostridium or non–spore-forming anaerobes; alone or with E. coli, Klebsiella, or Aeromonas
Diabetic foot ulcer Dorsum of foot or toes S. aureus, Streptococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, or anaerobes
Exposure to salt water at breeches of skin Extremities Vibrio vulnificus
Exposure to fresh water at breeches of skin Extremities Aeromonas hydrophila
Medicinal leech therapy Extremities Aeromonas hydrophila
Working as a butcher, fish or clam handler, veterinarian Fingers Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

References

  1. Fleisher G, Ludwig S (1980). "Cellulitis: a prospective study". Ann Emerg Med. 9 (5): 246–9. PMID 6768328.
  2. Swartz, MN. (2004). "Clinical practice. Cellulitis". N Engl J Med. 350 (9): 904–12. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp031807. PMID 14985488. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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