Menopause prevention: Difference between revisions
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==Primary Prevention== | ==Primary Prevention== | ||
There are no [[Primary prevention|primary preventive]] measures available for natural [[menopause]], but there are [[Primary prevention|primary preventive]] measures available for [https://www.healthline.com/health/menopause/causes-early early menopause] include: | There are no [[Primary prevention|primary preventive]] measures available for natural [[menopause]], but there are [[Primary prevention|primary preventive]] measures available for [https://www.healthline.com/health/menopause/causes-early early menopause] include: | ||
*Stop [[smoking]]. | *Stop [[smoking]]. | ||
*Treat [https://www.summahealth.org/medicalservices/womens/aboutourservices/gynecological-services/menstrual-disorders menstrual disorders]. | *Treat [https://www.summahealth.org/medicalservices/womens/aboutourservices/gynecological-services/menstrual-disorders menstrual disorders]. | ||
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*Eat healthy foods especially those rich in [[phytoestrogen]], [[vegetables]], [[fruit]]. | *Eat healthy foods especially those rich in [[phytoestrogen]], [[vegetables]], [[fruit]]. | ||
*Avoid [[stress]].<ref name="pmid9718881">{{cite journal| author=Keller C, Fullerton J, Fleury J| title=Primary and secondary prevention strategies among older postmenopausal women. | journal=J Nurse Midwifery | year= 1998 | volume= 43 | issue= 4 | pages= 262-72 | pmid=9718881 | doi=10.1016/s0091-2182(98)00014-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9718881 }} </ref><ref name="pmid17617919">{{cite journal| author=Mikkelsen TF, Graff-Iversen S, Sundby J, Bjertness E| title=Early menopause, association with tobacco smoking, coffee consumption and other lifestyle factors: a cross-sectional study. | journal=BMC Public Health | year= 2007 | volume= 7 | issue= | pages= 149 | pmid=17617919 | doi=10.1186/1471-2458-7-149 | pmc=1937001 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17617919 }} </ref> | *Avoid [[stress]].<ref name="pmid9718881">{{cite journal| author=Keller C, Fullerton J, Fleury J| title=Primary and secondary prevention strategies among older postmenopausal women. | journal=J Nurse Midwifery | year= 1998 | volume= 43 | issue= 4 | pages= 262-72 | pmid=9718881 | doi=10.1016/s0091-2182(98)00014-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9718881 }} </ref><ref name="pmid17617919">{{cite journal| author=Mikkelsen TF, Graff-Iversen S, Sundby J, Bjertness E| title=Early menopause, association with tobacco smoking, coffee consumption and other lifestyle factors: a cross-sectional study. | journal=BMC Public Health | year= 2007 | volume= 7 | issue= | pages= 149 | pmid=17617919 | doi=10.1186/1471-2458-7-149 | pmc=1937001 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17617919 }} </ref> | ||
==Secondary Prevention== | ==Secondary Prevention== | ||
[[Secondary prevention]] strategies following [[menopause]] include: | [[Secondary prevention]] strategies following [[menopause]] include: | ||
*[[Hormonal replacement therapy|Hormonal Replacement Therapy]], do not recommend for the prevention of [[chronic]] conditions associated with [[menopause]], but some studies recommended [[HRT]] as a preventive strategy, but in low dose and short duration. | *[[Hormonal replacement therapy|Hormonal Replacement Therapy]], do not recommend for the prevention of [[chronic]] conditions associated with [[menopause]], but some studies recommended [[HRT]] as a preventive strategy, but in low dose and short duration. | ||
*Manage of other [[chronic diseases]] such as [[hypertension]], [[Diabetes mellitus|diabetes Mellitus]], [[cardiovascular disease]]. | *Manage of other [[chronic diseases]] such as [[hypertension]], [[Diabetes mellitus|diabetes Mellitus]], [[cardiovascular disease]]. | ||
*Manage [[postmenopausal bleeding]]. | *Manage [[postmenopausal bleeding]]. | ||
*Eat foods rich in [[calcium]] and [[vitamin D]].<ref name="pmid29234813">{{cite journal| author=Gartlehner G, Patel SV, Feltner C, Weber RP, Long R, Mullican K | display-authors=etal| title=Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. | journal=JAMA | year= 2017 | volume= 318 | issue= 22 | pages= 2234-2249 | pmid=29234813 | doi=10.1001/jama.2017.16952 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29234813 }} [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=30007912 Review in: BMJ Evid Based Med. 2018 Dec;23(6):231-232] </ref><ref name="pmid29234814">{{cite journal| author=US Preventive Services Task Force. Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Owens DK, Barry MJ, Davidson KW | display-authors=etal| title=Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. | journal=JAMA | year= 2017 | volume= 318 | issue= 22 | pages= 2224-2233 | pmid=29234814 | doi=10.1001/jama.2017.18261 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29234814 }} [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=29554664 Review in: Ann Intern Med. 2018 Mar 20;168(6):JC26] </ref><ref name="pmid24969415">{{cite journal| author=Lobo RA, Davis SR, De Villiers TJ, Gompel A, Henderson VW, Hodis HN | display-authors=etal| title=Prevention of diseases after menopause. | journal=Climacteric | year= 2014 | volume= 17 | issue= 5 | pages= 540-56 | pmid=24969415 | doi=10.3109/13697137.2014.933411 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24969415 }} </ref> | *Eat foods rich in [[calcium]] and [[vitamin D]].<ref name="pmid29234813">{{cite journal| author=Gartlehner G, Patel SV, Feltner C, Weber RP, Long R, Mullican K | display-authors=etal| title=Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. | journal=JAMA | year= 2017 | volume= 318 | issue= 22 | pages= 2234-2249 | pmid=29234813 | doi=10.1001/jama.2017.16952 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29234813 }} [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=30007912 Review in: BMJ Evid Based Med. 2018 Dec;23(6):231-232] </ref><ref name="pmid29234814">{{cite journal| author=US Preventive Services Task Force. Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Owens DK, Barry MJ, Davidson KW | display-authors=etal| title=Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. | journal=JAMA | year= 2017 | volume= 318 | issue= 22 | pages= 2224-2233 | pmid=29234814 | doi=10.1001/jama.2017.18261 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29234814 }} [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=29554664 Review in: Ann Intern Med. 2018 Mar 20;168(6):JC26] </ref><ref name="pmid24969415">{{cite journal| author=Lobo RA, Davis SR, De Villiers TJ, Gompel A, Henderson VW, Hodis HN | display-authors=etal| title=Prevention of diseases after menopause. | journal=Climacteric | year= 2014 | volume= 17 | issue= 5 | pages= 540-56 | pmid=24969415 | doi=10.3109/13697137.2014.933411 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24969415 }} </ref> | ||
Latest revision as of 17:32, 28 February 2021
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Menopause Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Menopause prevention On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Menopause prevention |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Rahmah Al-Edresi, M.D.[2]
Overview
Menopause is not preventable. Early menopause are preventable with the following strategie such as stop smoking, healthy food, regular exercies. Secondary prevention of menopause include HRT, followup of associated medical diseases and postmenopausal bleeding. Early determination of these conditions is very important in terms of morbidity/mortality and cost of the treatment.
Primary Prevention
There are no primary preventive measures available for natural menopause, but there are primary preventive measures available for early menopause include:
- Stop smoking.
- Treat menstrual disorders.
- Regular exercise.
- Maintain a normal weight.
- Eat healthy foods especially those rich in phytoestrogen, vegetables, fruit.
- Avoid stress.[1][2]
Secondary Prevention
Secondary prevention strategies following menopause include:
- Hormonal Replacement Therapy, do not recommend for the prevention of chronic conditions associated with menopause, but some studies recommended HRT as a preventive strategy, but in low dose and short duration.
- Manage of other chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes Mellitus, cardiovascular disease.
- Manage postmenopausal bleeding.
- Eat foods rich in calcium and vitamin D.[3][4][5]
References
- ↑ Keller C, Fullerton J, Fleury J (1998). "Primary and secondary prevention strategies among older postmenopausal women". J Nurse Midwifery. 43 (4): 262–72. doi:10.1016/s0091-2182(98)00014-7. PMID 9718881.
- ↑ Mikkelsen TF, Graff-Iversen S, Sundby J, Bjertness E (2007). "Early menopause, association with tobacco smoking, coffee consumption and other lifestyle factors: a cross-sectional study". BMC Public Health. 7: 149. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-149. PMC 1937001. PMID 17617919.
- ↑ Gartlehner G, Patel SV, Feltner C, Weber RP, Long R, Mullican K; et al. (2017). "Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force". JAMA. 318 (22): 2234–2249. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.16952. PMID 29234813. Review in: BMJ Evid Based Med. 2018 Dec;23(6):231-232
- ↑ US Preventive Services Task Force. Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Owens DK, Barry MJ, Davidson KW; et al. (2017). "Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement". JAMA. 318 (22): 2224–2233. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.18261. PMID 29234814. Review in: Ann Intern Med. 2018 Mar 20;168(6):JC26
- ↑ Lobo RA, Davis SR, De Villiers TJ, Gompel A, Henderson VW, Hodis HN; et al. (2014). "Prevention of diseases after menopause". Climacteric. 17 (5): 540–56. doi:10.3109/13697137.2014.933411. PMID 24969415.