Molluscum contagiosum differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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*Other lesions that may be mistaken for molluscum contagiosum include flat warts, condyloma acuminatum, pyogenic granuloma , adnexal tumors, Langerhans cell histiocytosis , basal cell carcinoma , and amelanotic melanoma. Skin biopsy is useful for distinguishing molluscum contagiosum from other disorders. | *Other lesions that may be mistaken for molluscum contagiosum include flat warts, condyloma acuminatum, pyogenic granuloma , adnexal tumors, Langerhans cell histiocytosis , basal cell carcinoma , and amelanotic melanoma. Skin biopsy is useful for distinguishing molluscum contagiosum from other disorders. | ||
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! style="width: 200px; background: #4479BA; text-align: center;"| {{fontcolor|#FFF|Disease}} | ! style="width: 200px; background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Disease}} | ||
! style="width: 200px; background: #4479BA; text-align: center;"| {{fontcolor|#FFF|Features}} | ! style="width: 200px; background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Features}} | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Cryptococcosis]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Cryptococcosis]] | ||
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*An infection acquired by inhalation of soil contaminated with the encapsulated yeast (fungus) Cryptococcus neoformans {{Image = Pulmonary cryptococcosis (2) Alcian blue-PAS.jpg |}} | *An infection acquired by inhalation of soil contaminated with the encapsulated yeast (fungus) Cryptococcus neoformans {{Image = Pulmonary cryptococcosis (2) Alcian blue-PAS.jpg |}} | ||
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*May cause meningoencephalitis presenting with headache, nausea, vomiting, altered sensorium and focal neurological deficits. | *May cause meningoencephalitis presenting with headache, nausea, vomiting, altered sensorium and focal neurological deficits. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[histoplasmosis]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[histoplasmosis]] | ||
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*Acquired via inhalation of airborne microconidia. | *Acquired via inhalation of airborne microconidia. | ||
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**Disseminated histoplasmosis presents with features of sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation | **Disseminated histoplasmosis presents with features of sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Penicillium marneffei]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Penicillium marneffei]] | ||
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*Considered rare, its occurrence has increased due to AIDS. | *Considered rare, its occurrence has increased due to AIDS. | ||
*[[Fever]], [[skin lesion]]s, [[anemia]], generalized [[lymphadenopathy]], and [[hepatomegaly]]. | *[[Fever]], [[skin lesion]]s, [[anemia]], generalized [[lymphadenopathy]], and [[hepatomegaly]]. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[condyloma acuminatum]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[condyloma acuminatum]] | ||
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*Spread through direct skin-to-skin contact during oral, genital, or anal sex with an infected partner. | *Spread through direct skin-to-skin contact during oral, genital, or anal sex with an infected partner. | ||
*Often occur in clusters and can be very tiny or can spread into large masses in the genital or penis area. | *Often occur in clusters and can be very tiny or can spread into large masses in the genital or penis area. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[pyogenic granuloma]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[pyogenic granuloma]] | ||
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* a vascular lesion that occurs on both mucosa and skin, and appears as an [[hyperplasia|overgrowth]] of tissue due to [[irritation]], [[physical trauma]] or [[hormones|hormonal]] factors.<ref name="Fitz2">Freedberg, et al. (2003). ''Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine''. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0.</ref><ref name="joralsci">{{cite journal | author = Jafarzadeh H, Sanatkhani M, Mohtasham N | title = Oral pyogenic granuloma: a review | journal = J Oral Sci | volume = 48 | issue = 4 | pages = 167–75 |date=December 2006 | pmid = 17220613 | doi = 10.2334/josnusd.48.167| url = http://joi.jlc.jst.go.jp/JST.JSTAGE/josnusd/48.167?from=PubMed| accessdate = 2009-01-04 | format = – <sup>[http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=intitle%3AOral+pyogenic+granuloma%3A+a+review&as_publication=J+Oral+Sci&as_ylo=2006&as_yhi=2006&btnG=Search Scholar search]</sup>}} {{dead link|date=March 2009}}</ref> | * a vascular lesion that occurs on both mucosa and skin, and appears as an [[hyperplasia|overgrowth]] of tissue due to [[irritation]], [[physical trauma]] or [[hormones|hormonal]] factors.<ref name="Fitz2">Freedberg, et al. (2003). ''Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine''. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0.</ref><ref name="joralsci">{{cite journal | author = Jafarzadeh H, Sanatkhani M, Mohtasham N | title = Oral pyogenic granuloma: a review | journal = J Oral Sci | volume = 48 | issue = 4 | pages = 167–75 |date=December 2006 | pmid = 17220613 | doi = 10.2334/josnusd.48.167| url = http://joi.jlc.jst.go.jp/JST.JSTAGE/josnusd/48.167?from=PubMed| accessdate = 2009-01-04 | format = – <sup>[http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=intitle%3AOral+pyogenic+granuloma%3A+a+review&as_publication=J+Oral+Sci&as_ylo=2006&as_yhi=2006&btnG=Search Scholar search]</sup>}} {{dead link|date=March 2009}}</ref> | ||
*involve the gums, the skin and [[nasal septum]], and has also been found far from the head such as in the thigh.<ref name="Nthumba">{{cite journal |author=Nthumba PM |title=Giant pyogenic granuloma of the thigh: a case report |journal=J Med Case Reports |volume=2 |issue= 1|pages=95 |year=2008 |pmid=18377654 |pmc=2329656 |doi=10.1186/1752-1947-2-95 |url=http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/2//95}}</ref> | *involve the gums, the skin and [[nasal septum]], and has also been found far from the head such as in the thigh.<ref name="Nthumba">{{cite journal |author=Nthumba PM |title=Giant pyogenic granuloma of the thigh: a case report |journal=J Med Case Reports |volume=2 |issue= 1|pages=95 |year=2008 |pmid=18377654 |pmc=2329656 |doi=10.1186/1752-1947-2-95 |url=http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/2//95}}</ref> | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]] | ||
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*result of either a true [[neoplastic]] process or a reactive [[immune]] condition.<ref name="pmid25281259">{{cite journal| author=DiCaprio MR, Roberts TT| title=Diagnosis and Management of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis. | journal=J Am Acad Orthop Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 22 | issue= 10 | pages= 643-652 | pmid=25281259 | doi=10.5435/JAAOS-22-10-643 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25281259 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25310214">{{cite journal| author=Grana N| title=Langerhans cell histiocytosis. | journal=Cancer Control | year= 2014 | volume= 21 | issue= 4 | pages= 328-34 | pmid=25310214 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25310214 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26414464">{{cite journal| author=Harmon CM, Brown N| title=Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A Clinicopathologic Review and Molecular Pathogenetic Update. | journal=Arch Pathol Lab Med | year= 2015 | volume= 139 | issue= 10 | pages= 1211-4 | pmid=26414464 | doi=10.5858/arpa.2015-0199-RA | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26414464 }} </ref> | *result of either a true [[neoplastic]] process or a reactive [[immune]] condition.<ref name="pmid25281259">{{cite journal| author=DiCaprio MR, Roberts TT| title=Diagnosis and Management of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis. | journal=J Am Acad Orthop Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 22 | issue= 10 | pages= 643-652 | pmid=25281259 | doi=10.5435/JAAOS-22-10-643 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25281259 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25310214">{{cite journal| author=Grana N| title=Langerhans cell histiocytosis. | journal=Cancer Control | year= 2014 | volume= 21 | issue= 4 | pages= 328-34 | pmid=25310214 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25310214 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26414464">{{cite journal| author=Harmon CM, Brown N| title=Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A Clinicopathologic Review and Molecular Pathogenetic Update. | journal=Arch Pathol Lab Med | year= 2015 | volume= 139 | issue= 10 | pages= 1211-4 | pmid=26414464 | doi=10.5858/arpa.2015-0199-RA | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26414464 }} </ref> | ||
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*scaly erythematous lesions located on the scalp and extremities, localized [[bone]] [[tenderness]], and [[hepatosplenomegaly]].<ref name="PDQ">Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Treatment (PDQ®): Health Professional Version. National Cancer Institute (2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/langerhans/hp/langerhans-treatment-pdq Accessed on February, 3 2016</ref><ref name="wiki">Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langerhans_cell_histiocytosis Accessed on February, 2 2016</ref> | *scaly erythematous lesions located on the scalp and extremities, localized [[bone]] [[tenderness]], and [[hepatosplenomegaly]].<ref name="PDQ">Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Treatment (PDQ®): Health Professional Version. National Cancer Institute (2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/langerhans/hp/langerhans-treatment-pdq Accessed on February, 3 2016</ref><ref name="wiki">Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langerhans_cell_histiocytosis Accessed on February, 2 2016</ref> | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"| | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |basal cell carcinoma | ||
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* | * develop in the basal cell layer of the skin. | ||
* Cumulative DNA damage leads to mutations, after sunlight exposure. | |||
* skin growths on sun-exposed skin | |||
* | |||
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*** | |amelanotic melanoma | ||
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* Amelanotic or hypomelanotic lesions or maybe nodular and desmoplastic subtypes | |||
* Lesions may present as pink or red macules, plaques, or nodules, often with well-defined borders | |||
* often clinically confused with benign lesions | |||
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! style="width: 200px; background: #4479BA; text-align: center;"| {{fontcolor|#FFF|Disease}} | ! style="width: 200px; background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Disease}} | ||
! style="width: 200px; background: #4479BA; text-align: center;"| {{fontcolor|#FFF|Features}} | ! style="width: 200px; background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Features}} | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Impetigo]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Impetigo]] | ||
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*It commonly presents with pimple-like lesions surrounded by [[erythematous]] [[skin]]. Lesions are [[pustules]], filled with [[pus]], which then break down over 4-6 days and form a thick crust. It's often associated with insect bites, cuts, and other forms of [[trauma]] to the [[skin]]. | *It commonly presents with pimple-like lesions surrounded by [[erythematous]] [[skin]]. Lesions are [[pustules]], filled with [[pus]], which then break down over 4-6 days and form a thick crust. It's often associated with insect bites, cuts, and other forms of [[trauma]] to the [[skin]]. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Insect bite]]s | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Insect bite]]s | ||
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* The insect injects [[formic acid]], which can cause an immediate [[skin]] reaction often resulting in a [[rash]] and swelling in the injured area, often with formation of [[vesicles]]. | * The insect injects [[formic acid]], which can cause an immediate [[skin]] reaction often resulting in a [[rash]] and swelling in the injured area, often with formation of [[vesicles]]. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Kawasaki disease]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Kawasaki disease]] | ||
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* Commonly presents with high and persistent [[fever]], red [[mucous membranes]] in mouth, "[[strawberry tongue]]", [[swollen lymph nodes]] and [[skin rash]] in early disease, with peeling off of the [[skin]] of the [[hands]], [[feet]] and [[genital area]]. | * Commonly presents with high and persistent [[fever]], red [[mucous membranes]] in mouth, "[[strawberry tongue]]", [[swollen lymph nodes]] and [[skin rash]] in early disease, with peeling off of the [[skin]] of the [[hands]], [[feet]] and [[genital area]]. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Measles]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Measles]] | ||
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* Commonly presents with high [[fever]], [[coryza]] and [[conjunctivitis]], with observation of [[oral mucosa|oral mucosal]] lesions ([[Koplik's spots]]), followed by widespread [[skin rash]]. | * Commonly presents with high [[fever]], [[coryza]] and [[conjunctivitis]], with observation of [[oral mucosa|oral mucosal]] lesions ([[Koplik's spots]]), followed by widespread [[skin rash]]. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Monkeypox]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Monkeypox]] | ||
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* The presentation is similar to [[smallpox]], although it is often a milder form, with [[fever]], [[headache]], [[myalgia]], [[back pain]], [[swollen lymph nodes]], a general feeling of discomfort, and exhaustion. Within 1 to 3 days (sometimes longer) after the appearance of [[fever]], the patient develops a papular [[rash]], often first on the face. The lesions usually develop through several stages before crusting and falling off. | * The presentation is similar to [[smallpox]], although it is often a milder form, with [[fever]], [[headache]], [[myalgia]], [[back pain]], [[swollen lymph nodes]], a general feeling of discomfort, and exhaustion. Within 1 to 3 days (sometimes longer) after the appearance of [[fever]], the patient develops a papular [[rash]], often first on the face. The lesions usually develop through several stages before crusting and falling off. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Rubella]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Rubella]] | ||
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* Commonly presents with a facial [[rash]] which then spreads to the [[trunk]] and [[limbs]], fading after 3 days, low grade [[fever]], swollen [[glands]], [[joint pain]]s, [[headache]] and [[conjunctivitis]]. The [[rash]] disappears after a few days with no staining or peeling of the [[skin]]. ''[[Forchheimer's sign]]'' occurs in 20% of cases, and is characterized by small, red [[papules]] on the area of the [[soft palate]]. | * Commonly presents with a facial [[rash]] which then spreads to the [[trunk]] and [[limbs]], fading after 3 days, low grade [[fever]], swollen [[glands]], [[joint pain]]s, [[headache]] and [[conjunctivitis]]. The [[rash]] disappears after a few days with no staining or peeling of the [[skin]]. ''[[Forchheimer's sign]]'' occurs in 20% of cases, and is characterized by small, red [[papules]] on the area of the [[soft palate]]. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|Atypical [[measles]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |Atypical [[measles]] | ||
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* The symptoms commonly begin about 7-14 days after infection and present as [[fever]], [[cough]], [[coryza]] and [[conjunctivitis]]. Observation of [[Koplik's spots]] is also a characteristic finding in measles. | * The symptoms commonly begin about 7-14 days after infection and present as [[fever]], [[cough]], [[coryza]] and [[conjunctivitis]]. Observation of [[Koplik's spots]] is also a characteristic finding in measles. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Coxsackievirus]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Coxsackievirus]] | ||
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* The most commonly caused disease is the [[Coxsackie A]] disease, presenting as ''hand, foot and mouth disease''. It may be [[asymptomatic]] or cause mild [[symptoms]], or it may produce [[fever]] and painful [[blisters]] in the mouth ([[herpangina]]), on the palms and fingers of the hand, or on the soles of the feet. There can also be [[blisters]] in the [[throat]] or above the [[tonsils]]. Adults can also be affected. The [[rash]], which can appear several days after high temperature and painful sore throat, can be itchy and painful, especially on the hands/fingers and bottom of feet. | * The most commonly caused disease is the [[Coxsackie A]] disease, presenting as ''hand, foot and mouth disease''. It may be [[asymptomatic]] or cause mild [[symptoms]], or it may produce [[fever]] and painful [[blisters]] in the mouth ([[herpangina]]), on the palms and fingers of the hand, or on the soles of the feet. There can also be [[blisters]] in the [[throat]] or above the [[tonsils]]. Adults can also be affected. The [[rash]], which can appear several days after high temperature and painful sore throat, can be itchy and painful, especially on the hands/fingers and bottom of feet. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Acne]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Acne]] | ||
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* It is typical of teenagers, usually appears on the [[face]] and upper neck, but the [[chest]], [[human back|back]] and [[shoulder]]s may have [[acne]] as well. The upper [[arm]]s can also have [[acne]], but lesions found there are often [[keratosis pilaris]], not [[acne]]. The typical [[acne]] lesions are [[comedones]] and [[inflammatory]] [[papules]], [[pustules]], and [[nodules]]. Some of the large [[nodules]] were previously called "[[cyst]]s" | * It is typical of teenagers, usually appears on the [[face]] and upper neck, but the [[chest]], [[human back|back]] and [[shoulder]]s may have [[acne]] as well. The upper [[arm]]s can also have [[acne]], but lesions found there are often [[keratosis pilaris]], not [[acne]]. The typical [[acne]] lesions are [[comedones]] and [[inflammatory]] [[papules]], [[pustules]], and [[nodules]]. Some of the large [[nodules]] were previously called "[[cyst]]s" | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Syphilis]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Syphilis]] | ||
|It commonly presents with gneralized systemic [[symptoms]] such as [[malaise]], [[fatigue]], [[headache]] and [[fever]]. [[Skin]] eruptions may be subtle and [[asymptomatic]] It is classically described as: | |It commonly presents with gneralized systemic [[symptoms]] such as [[malaise]], [[fatigue]], [[headache]] and [[fever]]. [[Skin]] eruptions may be subtle and [[asymptomatic]] It is classically described as: | ||
* Non-pruritic bilateral symmetrical mucocutaneous [[rash]] | * Non-pruritic bilateral symmetrical mucocutaneous [[rash]] | ||
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* Patchy [[alopecia]]. | * Patchy [[alopecia]]. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Molluscum contagiosum]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Molluscum contagiosum]] | ||
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* The lesions are commonly flesh-colored, dome-shaped, and pearly in appearance. They are often 1-5 millimeters in diameter, with a dimpled center. Generally not painful, but they may itch or become irritated. Picking or scratching the lesions may lead to further [[infection]] or scarring. In about 10% of the cases, [[eczema]] develops around the lesions. They may occasionally be complicated by secondary [[bacterial infections]]. | * The lesions are commonly flesh-colored, dome-shaped, and pearly in appearance. They are often 1-5 millimeters in diameter, with a dimpled center. Generally not painful, but they may itch or become irritated. Picking or scratching the lesions may lead to further [[infection]] or scarring. In about 10% of the cases, [[eczema]] develops around the lesions. They may occasionally be complicated by secondary [[bacterial infections]]. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Mononucleosis]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Mononucleosis]] | ||
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* Common [[symptoms]] include low-grade [[fever]] without [[chills]], [[sore throat]], white patches on [[tonsils]] and back of the throat, [[muscle weakness]] and sometime extreme [[fatigue]], tender [[lymphadenopathy]], [[petechial hemorrhage]] and [[skin rash]]. | * Common [[symptoms]] include low-grade [[fever]] without [[chills]], [[sore throat]], white patches on [[tonsils]] and back of the throat, [[muscle weakness]] and sometime extreme [[fatigue]], tender [[lymphadenopathy]], [[petechial hemorrhage]] and [[skin rash]]. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|Toxic [[erythema]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |Toxic [[erythema]] | ||
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* It is a common [[rash]] in infants, with clustered and [[vesicular]] appearance. | * It is a common [[rash]] in infants, with clustered and [[vesicular]] appearance. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Rat-bite fever]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Rat-bite fever]] | ||
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* It commonly presents with [[fever]], [[chills]], open sore at the site of the bite and [[rash]], which may show red or purple plaques. | * It commonly presents with [[fever]], [[chills]], open sore at the site of the bite and [[rash]], which may show red or purple plaques. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Parvovirus B19]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Parvovirus B19]] | ||
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*The [[rash]] of fifth disease is typically described as "slapped cheeks," with [[erythema]] across the cheeks and sparing the nasolabial folds, forehead, and mouth. | *The [[rash]] of fifth disease is typically described as "slapped cheeks," with [[erythema]] across the cheeks and sparing the nasolabial folds, forehead, and mouth. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Cytomegalovirus]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Cytomegalovirus]] | ||
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* The common [[symptoms]] include [[sore throat]], swollen [[lymph nodes]], [[fever]], [[headache]], [[fatigue]], [[weakness]], [[muscle pain]] and [[loss of appetite]]. | * The common [[symptoms]] include [[sore throat]], swollen [[lymph nodes]], [[fever]], [[headache]], [[fatigue]], [[weakness]], [[muscle pain]] and [[loss of appetite]]. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Scarlet fever]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Scarlet fever]] | ||
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* It commonly includes [[fever]], punctate red [[macules]] on the hard and soft [[palate]] and [[uvula]] ([[Forchheimer's spots]]), bright red [[tongue]] with a "strawberry" appearance, [[sore throat]] and [[headache]] and [[lymphadenopathy]]. | * It commonly includes [[fever]], punctate red [[macules]] on the hard and soft [[palate]] and [[uvula]] ([[Forchheimer's spots]]), bright red [[tongue]] with a "strawberry" appearance, [[sore throat]] and [[headache]] and [[lymphadenopathy]]. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Rocky Mountain spotted fever]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Rocky Mountain spotted fever]] | ||
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* The [[symptoms]] may include [[maculopapular rash]], [[petechial rash]], [[abdominal pain]] and [[joint pain]]. | * The [[symptoms]] may include [[maculopapular rash]], [[petechial rash]], [[abdominal pain]] and [[joint pain]]. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Stevens-Johnson syndrome]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Stevens-Johnson syndrome]] | ||
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* The [[symptoms]] may include [[fever]], [[sore throat]] and [[fatigue]]. Commonly presents [[ulcers]] and other lesions in the [[mucous membranes]], almost always in the [[mouth]] and lips but also in the genital and anal regions. Those in the mouth are usually extremely painful and reduce the patient's ability to eat or drink. [[Conjunctivitis]] of the eyes occurs in about 30% of children. A [[rash]] of round lesions about an inch across, may arise on the face, trunk, arms and legs, and soles of the feet, but usually not on the scalp. | * The [[symptoms]] may include [[fever]], [[sore throat]] and [[fatigue]]. Commonly presents [[ulcers]] and other lesions in the [[mucous membranes]], almost always in the [[mouth]] and lips but also in the genital and anal regions. Those in the mouth are usually extremely painful and reduce the patient's ability to eat or drink. [[Conjunctivitis]] of the eyes occurs in about 30% of children. A [[rash]] of round lesions about an inch across, may arise on the face, trunk, arms and legs, and soles of the feet, but usually not on the scalp. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Varicella-zoster virus]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Varicella-zoster virus]] | ||
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* It commonly starts as a painful [[rash]] on one side of the face or body. The [[rash]] forms blisters that typically scab over in 7-10 days and clears up within 2-4 weeks. | * It commonly starts as a painful [[rash]] on one side of the face or body. The [[rash]] forms blisters that typically scab over in 7-10 days and clears up within 2-4 weeks. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Chickenpox]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Chickenpox]] | ||
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* It commonly starts with [[conjunctival]] and catarrhal [[symptoms]] and then characteristic spots appearing in two or three waves, mainly on the body and head, rather than the hands, becoming itchy raw pox (small open sores which heal mostly without scarring). Touching the fluid from a [[chickenpox]] blister can also spread the disease. | * It commonly starts with [[conjunctival]] and catarrhal [[symptoms]] and then characteristic spots appearing in two or three waves, mainly on the body and head, rather than the hands, becoming itchy raw pox (small open sores which heal mostly without scarring). Touching the fluid from a [[chickenpox]] blister can also spread the disease. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Meningococcemia]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Meningococcemia]] | ||
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* It commonly presents with [[rash]], [[petechiae]], [[headache]], [[confusion]], and [[stiff neck]], high [[fever]], mental status changes, [[nausea]] and [[vomiting]]. | * It commonly presents with [[rash]], [[petechiae]], [[headache]], [[confusion]], and [[stiff neck]], high [[fever]], mental status changes, [[nausea]] and [[vomiting]]. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Rickettsialpox|Rickettsial pox]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Rickettsialpox|Rickettsial pox]] | ||
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* The first [[symptom]] is commonly a bump formed by a mite-bite, eventually resulting in a black, crusty scab. Many of the [[symptoms]] are [[flu]]-like including [[fever]], [[chills]], [[weakness]] and [[muscle pain]] but the most distinctive [[symptom]] is the [[rash]] that breaks out, spanning the person's entire body. | * The first [[symptom]] is commonly a bump formed by a mite-bite, eventually resulting in a black, crusty scab. Many of the [[symptoms]] are [[flu]]-like including [[fever]], [[chills]], [[weakness]] and [[muscle pain]] but the most distinctive [[symptom]] is the [[rash]] that breaks out, spanning the person's entire body. | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;"|[[Meningitis]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Meningitis]] | ||
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* It commonly presents with [[headache]], [[nuchal rigidity]], [[fever]], [[petechiae]] and [[altered mental status]]. | * It commonly presents with [[headache]], [[nuchal rigidity]], [[fever]], [[petechiae]] and [[altered mental status]]. |
Revision as of 12:45, 12 June 2017
Molluscum contagiosum Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
Case Studies |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2], João André Alves Silva, M.D. [3]
Overview
Molluscum contagiosum must be differentiated from other diseases that cause infection of the skin and of the mucous membranes, including chickenpox, herpes zoster, erythema multiforme, among others.
Differential Diagnosis
Different rash-like conditions can be confused with molluscum contagiosum and are thus included in its differential diagnosis. The various conditions that should be differentiated from molluscum contagiosum include:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
- Skin lesions due to cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, or Penicillium marneffei infection may resemble molluscum lesions.
- Other lesions that may be mistaken for molluscum contagiosum include flat warts, condyloma acuminatum, pyogenic granuloma , adnexal tumors, Langerhans cell histiocytosis , basal cell carcinoma , and amelanotic melanoma. Skin biopsy is useful for distinguishing molluscum contagiosum from other disorders.
Disease | Features |
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Cryptococcosis |
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histoplasmosis |
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Penicillium marneffei |
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condyloma acuminatum |
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pyogenic granuloma |
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Langerhans cell histiocytosis |
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basal cell carcinoma |
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amelanotic melanoma |
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Disease | Features |
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Impetigo | |
Insect bites |
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Kawasaki disease |
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Measles |
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Monkeypox |
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Rubella |
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Atypical measles |
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Coxsackievirus |
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Acne |
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Syphilis | It commonly presents with gneralized systemic symptoms such as malaise, fatigue, headache and fever. Skin eruptions may be subtle and asymptomatic It is classically described as:
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Molluscum contagiosum |
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Mononucleosis |
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Toxic erythema | |
Rat-bite fever | |
Parvovirus B19 | |
Cytomegalovirus |
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Scarlet fever |
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Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
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Stevens-Johnson syndrome |
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Varicella-zoster virus | |
Chickenpox |
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Meningococcemia | |
Rickettsial pox | |
Meningitis |
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References
- ↑ Hartman-Adams H, Banvard C, Juckett G (2014). "Impetigo: diagnosis and treatment". Am Fam Physician. 90 (4): 229–35. PMID 25250996.
- ↑ Mehta N, Chen KK, Kroumpouzos G (2016). "Skin disease in pregnancy: The approach of the obstetric medicine physician". Clin Dermatol. 34 (3): 320–6. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.003. PMID 27265069.
- ↑ Moore, Zack S; Seward, Jane F; Lane, J Michael (2006). "Smallpox". The Lancet. 367 (9508): 425–435. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ Ibrahim F, Khan T, Pujalte GG (2015). "Bacterial Skin Infections". Prim Care. 42 (4): 485–99. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.001. PMID 26612370.
- ↑ Ramoni S, Boneschi V, Cusini M (2016). "Syphilis as "the great imitator": a case of impetiginoid syphiloderm". Int J Dermatol. 55 (3): e162–3. doi:10.1111/ijd.13072. PMID 26566601.
- ↑ Kimura U, Yokoyama K, Hiruma M, Kano R, Takamori K, Suga Y (2015). "Tinea faciei caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (molecular type Arthroderma benhamiae ) mimics impetigo : a case report and literature review of cases in Japan". Med Mycol J. 56 (1): E1–5. doi:10.3314/mmj.56.E1. PMID 25855021.
- ↑ CEDEF (2012). "[Item 87--Mucocutaneous bacterial infections]". Ann Dermatol Venereol. 139 (11 Suppl): A32–9. doi:10.1016/j.annder.2012.01.002. PMID 23176858.
- ↑ Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0.
- ↑ Jafarzadeh H, Sanatkhani M, Mohtasham N (December 2006). "Oral pyogenic granuloma: a review" (– Scholar search). J Oral Sci. 48 (4): 167–75. doi:10.2334/josnusd.48.167. PMID 17220613. Retrieved 2009-01-04.[dead link]
- ↑ Nthumba PM (2008). "Giant pyogenic granuloma of the thigh: a case report". J Med Case Reports. 2 (1): 95. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-95. PMC 2329656. PMID 18377654.
- ↑ DiCaprio MR, Roberts TT (2014). "Diagnosis and Management of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis". J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 22 (10): 643–652. doi:10.5435/JAAOS-22-10-643. PMID 25281259.
- ↑ Grana N (2014). "Langerhans cell histiocytosis". Cancer Control. 21 (4): 328–34. PMID 25310214.
- ↑ Harmon CM, Brown N (2015). "Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A Clinicopathologic Review and Molecular Pathogenetic Update". Arch Pathol Lab Med. 139 (10): 1211–4. doi:10.5858/arpa.2015-0199-RA. PMID 26414464.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langerhans_cell_histiocytosis Accessed on February, 2 2016
- ↑ Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Radiopeadia (2015) http://radiopaedia.org/articles/langerhans-cell-histiocytosis Accessed on February, 3 2016
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Treatment (PDQ®): Health Professional Version. National Cancer Institute (2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/langerhans/hp/langerhans-treatment-pdq Accessed on February, 3 2016