Cystitis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
===Acute uncomplicated cystitis=== | |||
In women, vaginal colonization of the uropathogens leads to the development of a urinary tract infection.<ref name="pmid10969044">{{cite journal| author=Hooton TM| title=Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections: an update. | journal=J Antimicrob Chemother | year= 2000 | volume= 46 Suppl A | issue= | pages= 1-7 | pmid=10969044 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10969044 }} </ref> Cystitis occurs when the normally sterile [[lower urinary tract]] ([[urethra]] and [[bladder]]) are infected by bacteria and become irritated and inflamed. Once [[bacteria]] enter the bladder, they are normally removed through urination. When bacteria multiply faster than they are removed by urination, [[infection]] results. | In women, vaginal colonization of the uropathogens leads to the development of a urinary tract infection.<ref name="pmid10969044">{{cite journal| author=Hooton TM| title=Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections: an update. | journal=J Antimicrob Chemother | year= 2000 | volume= 46 Suppl A | issue= | pages= 1-7 | pmid=10969044 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10969044 }} </ref> Cystitis occurs when the normally sterile [[lower urinary tract]] ([[urethra]] and [[bladder]]) are infected by bacteria and become irritated and inflamed. Once [[bacteria]] enter the bladder, they are normally removed through urination. When bacteria multiply faster than they are removed by urination, [[infection]] results. | ||
Cystitis is rare in males. Females are more prone to the development of cystitis because of their relatively shorter [[urethra]]. Bacteria does not have to travel as far to enter the [[bladder]], which is in part due to the relatively short distance between the opening of the [[urethra]] and the [[anus]]. | Cystitis is rare in males. Females are more prone to the development of cystitis because of their relatively shorter [[urethra]]. Bacteria does not have to travel as far to enter the [[bladder]], which is in part due to the relatively short distance between the opening of the [[urethra]] and the [[anus]]. | ||
===Complicated cystitis=== | |||
The pathogenesis of complicated cystitis include obstruction and stasis of urine flow. Obstruction leads to overdistension and bacterial growth is facilitated by the residual urine. Stasis of urine flow allows entry of pathogens into the urinary tract.<ref name="pmid10969044">{{cite journal| author=Hooton TM| title=Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections: an update. | journal=J Antimicrob Chemother | year= 2000 | volume= 46 Suppl A | issue= | pages= 1-7 | pmid=10969044 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10969044 }} </ref> | The pathogenesis of complicated cystitis include obstruction and stasis of urine flow. Obstruction leads to overdistension and bacterial growth is facilitated by the residual urine. Stasis of urine flow allows entry of pathogens into the urinary tract.<ref name="pmid10969044">{{cite journal| author=Hooton TM| title=Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections: an update. | journal=J Antimicrob Chemother | year= 2000 | volume= 46 Suppl A | issue= | pages= 1-7 | pmid=10969044 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10969044 }} </ref> | ||
===Cystitis cystica=== | |||
Chronic irritation from infection, calculi or even tumors results in metaplasia of the urothelium, which proliferates into buds, which grow down into the connective tissue beneath the epithelium in the lamina propria. In the case of cystitis cystica, the buds then differentiate into cystic deposits. | Chronic irritation from infection, calculi or even tumors results in metaplasia of the urothelium, which proliferates into buds, which grow down into the connective tissue beneath the epithelium in the lamina propria. In the case of cystitis cystica, the buds then differentiate into cystic deposits.<ref name=radio>Cystitis Cystica. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/cystitis-cystica. Accessed on February 9, 2016</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 15:20, 9 February 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D. Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2]
Overview
Cystitis occurs when the normally sterile lower urinary tract (urethra and bladder) is infected by bacteria, which leads to irritation and inflammation. Females are more prone to the development of cystitis because of their relatively shorter urethra. Bacteria does not have to travel as far to enter the bladder, which is in part due to the relatively short distance between the opening of the urethra and the anus. The pathogenesis of complicated cystitis include obstruction and stasis of urine flow. Obstruction leads to overdistension and bacterial growth is facilitated by the residual urine. Stasis of urine flow allows entry of pathogens into the urinary tract.[1]
Pathophysiology
Acute uncomplicated cystitis
In women, vaginal colonization of the uropathogens leads to the development of a urinary tract infection.[1] Cystitis occurs when the normally sterile lower urinary tract (urethra and bladder) are infected by bacteria and become irritated and inflamed. Once bacteria enter the bladder, they are normally removed through urination. When bacteria multiply faster than they are removed by urination, infection results. Cystitis is rare in males. Females are more prone to the development of cystitis because of their relatively shorter urethra. Bacteria does not have to travel as far to enter the bladder, which is in part due to the relatively short distance between the opening of the urethra and the anus.
Complicated cystitis
The pathogenesis of complicated cystitis include obstruction and stasis of urine flow. Obstruction leads to overdistension and bacterial growth is facilitated by the residual urine. Stasis of urine flow allows entry of pathogens into the urinary tract.[1]
Cystitis cystica
Chronic irritation from infection, calculi or even tumors results in metaplasia of the urothelium, which proliferates into buds, which grow down into the connective tissue beneath the epithelium in the lamina propria. In the case of cystitis cystica, the buds then differentiate into cystic deposits.[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Hooton TM (2000). "Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections: an update". J Antimicrob Chemother. 46 Suppl A: 1–7. PMID 10969044.
- ↑ Cystitis Cystica. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/cystitis-cystica. Accessed on February 9, 2016