Brucella: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Human brucellosis is caused by four [[Brucella|Brucellae]] species: [[Brucella abortus|''B. abortus'']], [[Brucella canis|''B. canis'']], [[Brucella melitensis|''B. melitensis'']], and ''B. suis''.<ref name="aba">Brucella. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella#Characteristics. Accessed on February 2, 2016</ref>
Human brucellosis is caused by four [[Brucella|Brucellae]] species: [[Brucella abortus|''B. abortus'']], [[Brucella canis|''B. canis'']], [[Brucella melitensis|''B. melitensis'']], and ''B. suis''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/Brucellosis.pdf|title=WHO|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>


==Causes==
==Causes==
*'''''[[Brucella]]''''' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria.<ref name="Sherris">{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th ed. | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-8385-8529-9 }}</ref> They are small (0.5 to 0.7 by 0.6 to 1.5 µm), non-motile, encapsulated coccobacilli.
*'''''[[Brucella]]''''' is a genus of [[gram-negative bacteria]].<ref name="Sherris">{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th ed. | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-8385-8529-9 }}</ref>They are small (0.5 to 0.7 by 0.6 to 1.5 µm), non-motile and encapsulated [[coccobacilli]].  
*''[[Brucella]]'' is the cause of brucellosis, a true zoonotic disease (i.e. human-to-human transmission has not been identified).<ref name="Sherris" />
*It is transmitted by ingesting infected food, direct contact with an infected animal, or inhalation of aerosols. 
*Minimum infectious exposure is between 10 - 100 organisms.
*Brucellosis primarily occurs through occupational exposure (e.g. exposure to cattle, sheep, pigs), but also by consumption of unpasteurised milk products.
*Four species infect humans: [[Brucella abortus|''B. abortus'']], [[Brucella canis|''B. canis'']], [[Brucella melitensis|''B. melitensis'']], and ''B. suis''.
**[[Brucella abortus|''B. abortus'']], is less virulent than [[Brucella melitensis|''B. melitensis'']] and is primarily a disease of cattle.
**[[Brucella canis|''B. canis'']] affects dogs.
**[[Brucella melitensis|''B. melitensis'']] is the most virulent and invasive species; it usually infects goats and occasionally sheep.
**''B. suis'' is of intermediate virulence and chiefly infects pigs.


''[[Brucella]]'' species have been found primarily in mammals:
=== Brucella species ===
''[[Brucella]]'' species have been found primarily in mammals. <ref name="pmid15930423">{{cite journal| author=Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E| title=Brucellosis. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 22 | pages= 2325-36 | pmid=15930423 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra050570 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15930423  }} </ref> Brucellla species, with their host and degree of virulence is described below:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/Brucellosis.pdf|title=WHO|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
|+ '''Brucellae Species, Host and Human Virulente'''<ref name="aba">Brucella. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella#Characteristics. Accessed on February 2, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid15930423">{{cite journal| author=Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E| title=Brucellosis. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 22 | pages= 2325-36 | pmid=15930423 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra050570 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15930423  }} </ref>
|+  
! style="width: 180px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| Species}}
! style="width: 180px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| Species}}
! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| Host}}
! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| Host}}
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|-
|-
| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" | ''B. melitensis''
| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" | ''B. melitensis''
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Goats, sheep
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Goats, sheep, cattle, buffaloes, dogs and camels
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | ++++
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | ++++
|-
|-
| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" | ''B. abortus''
| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" | ''B. abortus''
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Cattle
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Cattle, buffaloes, bison, dogs, elk, and horses
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | ++/+++
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | ++/+++
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" | ''B. suis''
| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" | ''B. suis''
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Pigs
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Pigs and sheep
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
|-
|-
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Sheep
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Sheep
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
|-
| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" |''B. neotomae''
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Desert woodrat
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
|-
| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" |''B. pinnipedialis''
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Seal
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
|-
| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" |''B. ceti''
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Dolphin, porpoise, whale
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
|-
| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" |''B. microti''
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Common vole
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | N/A
|-
| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" |''B. inopinata''
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Unknown
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | N/A
|-
| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" |''Brucella sp. NVSL 07-0026''
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Baboon
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | N/A
|-
|-
|}
|}


[[Oxidase test|Oxidase]] and [[Catalase test|catalase tests]] are positive for most members of the genus [[Brucella|''Brucella'']]:
=== Tests to differentiate brucella species ===
Following tests may be used to differentiate between the different species of brucella.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/Brucellosis.pdf|title=WHO|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
|+ '''Brucellae Species and Host'''<ref name="aba">Brucella. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella#Characteristics. Accessed on February 2, 2016</ref>
|+  
! style="width: 180px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| Test}}
! style="width: 180px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| Test}}
! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. melitensis'' }}
! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. melitensis'' }}
! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. abortus'' }}
! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. abortus'' }}
! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. suis'' }}
! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. suis'' }}
! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. neotomae'' }}
! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. ovis'' }}
! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. ovis'' }}
! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. canis'' }}
! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. canis'' }}
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
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| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" | Production of H2S
| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" | Production of H2S
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
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{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


[[Category:Rhizobiales]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Gram negative bacteria]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious Disease Project]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Hepatology]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Nephrology]]

Latest revision as of 20:44, 29 July 2020

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Brucella

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Alpha Proteobacteria
Order: Rhizobiales
Family: Brucellaceae
Genus: Brucella
Species

B. abortus
B. canis
B. melitensis
B. neotomae
B. ovis
B. suis

This page is about microbiologic aspects of the organism(s).  For clinical aspects of the disease, see brucellosis.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Danitza Lukac, Vishal Devarkonda, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Human brucellosis is caused by four Brucellae species: B. abortus, B. canis, B. melitensis, and B. suis.[1]

Causes

Brucella species

Brucella species have been found primarily in mammals. [3] Brucellla species, with their host and degree of virulence is described below:[4]

Species Host Human Virulence
B. melitensis Goats, sheep, cattle, buffaloes, dogs and camels ++++
B. abortus Cattle, buffaloes, bison, dogs, elk, and horses ++/+++
B. canis Dogs +
B. suis Pigs and sheep +
B. ovis Sheep -

Tests to differentiate brucella species

Following tests may be used to differentiate between the different species of brucella.[5]

Test B. melitensis B. abortus B. suis B. ovis B. canis
Need to CO2 - + - + -
Production of H2S - + + - -
Growth on basic fushin 0.002% + + - + -
Growth on thionin 0.004% - - + + +
Growth on thionin 0.002% + - + + +
Destroy with Tb phage - + - - -

References

  1. "WHO" (PDF).
  2. Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed. ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
  3. Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E (2005). "Brucellosis". N Engl J Med. 352 (22): 2325–36. doi:10.1056/NEJMra050570. PMID 15930423.
  4. "WHO" (PDF).
  5. "WHO" (PDF).