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| '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
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| {{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
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| Name = Mitral regurgitation |
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| ICD10 = {{ICD10|I|05|1|i|05}}, {{ICD10|I|34|0|i|30}}, {{ICD10|Q|23|3|q|20}} |
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| ICD9 = {{ICD9|394.1}}, {{ICD9|424.0}}, {{ICD9|746.6}} |
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| ICDO = |
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| Image = Mitral valve insufficiency.jpg|
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| Caption = Mitral valve insufficiency with severe left atrial dilatation. <br> <small> [http://www.peir.net Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology] </small> |
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| OMIM = |
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| OMIM_mult = |
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| MedlinePlus = |
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| eMedicineSubj = emerg |
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| eMedicineTopic = 314 |
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| DiseasesDB = 8275 |
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| }}
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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{SI}} | | {| class="infobox" style="float:right;" |
| {{CMG}} | | |- |
| | | [[File:Siren.gif|30px|link=Mitral regurgitation resident survival guide]]|| <br> || <br> |
| | | [[Mitral regurgitation resident survival guide|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']] |
| | |} |
| | {{Mitral regurgitation}} |
| | {{Patient}} |
| | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CZ}}, {{VK}}, {{LG}}, [[User:Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]] [mailto:msbeih@wikidoc.org], {{Rim}} |
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| '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}; [[Varun Kumar]], M.B.B.S ; [[Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan]], M.B.B.S
| | {{SK}} Mitral insufficiency; mitral regurge; mitral valve incompetence; MR; MI; leaky mitral valve |
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| {{Editor Help}}
| | ==[[Mitral regurgitation overview|Overview]]== |
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| '''''Synonyms and Keywords:''''' Mitral insufficiency, mitral regurge, MR.
| | ==[[Mitral regurgitation classification|Classification]]== |
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| '''Mitral regurgitation''' ('''MR'''), '''mitral insufficiency''' or '''mitral incompetence''' is a disorder of the [[heart]] in which the [[mitral valve]] does not close properly when the heart pumps out [[blood]]. It is the abnormal leaking of blood from the [[left ventricle]], through the mitral valve, and into the [[left atrium]], when the left ventricle contracts, i.e. there is [[Regurgitation (circulation)|regurgitation]] of blood back into the left atrium.<ref>[http://www.mountsinai.org/Other/Diseases/Mitral%20valve%20regurgitation Mitral valve regurgitation] at [[Mount Sinai Hospital, New York|Mount Sinai Hospital]]</ref> MR is the most common form of [[valvular heart disease]].<ref name='MedlineMitChron2008'>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Weinrauch |first=LA |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |editor= |encyclopedia=Medline Plus Encyclopedia |title=Mitral regurgitation - chronic |url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000176.htm |accessdate=2009-12-04 |edition= |date=2008-05-12 |year= |publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health |volume= |location= |id= |doi= |pages= |quote= }}</ref>
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| ==[[Mitral Regurgitation Pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== | | ==[[Mitral Regurgitation Pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
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| ==[[Mitral Regurgitation Epidemiology|Epidemiology]]== | | ==[[Mitral regurgitation causes|Causes]]== |
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| ==[[Mitral Regurgitation Natural History|Natural History]]==
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| ==Diagnosis== | | ==[[Mitral regurgitation differential diagnosis|Differentiating Mitral Regurgitation from other Diseases]]== |
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| ===[[Mitral Regurgitation DDx|Differential Diagnosis]]===
| | ==[[Mitral regurgitation epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
| Common causes of Mitral Regurgitation: [[Mitral valve prolapse]] | [[Rheumatic heart disease]] | [[Ischemic mitral regurgitation]] | [[Papillary muscle rupture]] | [[Endocarditis]]
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| ===[[Mitral Regurgitation Symptoms|Symptoms]]===
| | ==[[Mitral regurgitation natural history|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
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| ===[[Mitral Regurgitation Physical Examination|Physical Examination]]=== | | ==Diagnosis== |
| | | [[Mitral regurgitation stages|Stages]] | [[Mitral regurgitation history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Mitral Regurgitation Physical Examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Mitral regurgitation chest x-ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Mitral regurgitation electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Mitral Regurgitation Echocardiography|Echocardiography]] | [[Mitral regurgitation cardiac MRI|Cardiac MRI]] | [[Mitral regurgitation cardiac catheterization|Cardiac Catheterization]] |
| ===[[Mitral Regurgitation Chest x-ray|Chest x-ray]]===
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| ===[[Mitral Regurgitation Ventriculogram|Ventriculogram]]===
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| ===[[Mitral Regurgitation Echocardiography|Echocardiography]]===
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| ==Treatment== | | ==Treatment== |
| *In patients with mitral regurgitation (acute or chronic) with hemodynamic instability, electrocardiogram should be done to assess for [[Myocardial Infarction]]. In its absence, workup of [[infective endocarditis]] should be done with blood cultures.
| | [[Mitral Regurgitation Treatment Overview|Overview]] | [[Acute mitral regurgitation treatment|Acute Mitral Regurgitation]] | [[Chronic mitral regurgitation treatment|Chronic Mitral Regurgitation]] | [[Mitral regurgitation surgery|Surgery]] | [[Mitral regurgitation follow up|Follow Up]] |
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| *[[Diuretics]] are administered in patients with [[pulmonary congestion]].
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| *After load should be reduced with vasodilators and diuretics.
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| *In presence of [[atrial fibrillation]], [[beta blocker]], [[calcium channel blocker]] or [[digoxin]] can be considered.
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| *Anti-coagulation therapy is considered in patients with [[atrial fibrillation]] and [[mitral valve replacement]] surgery.
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| *Prophylactic antibiotics prior periodontal procedure which involves manipulation of gingival tissue, the periapical region of a tooth, or perforation of oral mucosa is recommended in patients with previous infective endocarditis, prosthetic mitral valve and congentital heart disease.<ref name="pmid17446442">{{cite journal |author=Wilson W, Taubert KA, Gewitz M, Lockhart PB, Baddour LM, Levison M, Bolger A, Cabell CH, Takahashi M, Baltimore RS, Newburger JW, Strom BL, Tani LY, Gerber M, Bonow RO, Pallasch T, Shulman ST, Rowley AH, Burns JC, Ferrieri P, Gardner T, Goff D, Durack DT |title=Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=116 |issue=15 |pages=1736–54 |year=2007 |month=October |pmid=17446442 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.183095 |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17446442 |accessdate=2011-03-16}}</ref>
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| [[MR: Acute MR|Acute Mitral Regurgitation]] | [[MR: Chronic MR|Chronic Mitral Regurgitation]] | |
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| ==[[Complications and Prognosis of MR|Complications and Prognosis]]== | | ==Case Studies == |
| | [[Mitral regurgitation case study one|Case #1]] |
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Mitral valve]]
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| * [[Mitral valve prolapse]]
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| * [[Mitral stenosis]]
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| == External Links ==
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| * [http://www.echoincontext.com/2000_video.asp Echo in context: Video lessons and slides of mitral regurgitation]
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| * [http://www.med.yale.edu/intmed/cardio/echo_atlas/entities/mitral_regurgitation.html Yale atlas of echocardiography: Mitral regurgitation ]
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| * [http://heartcenter.seattlechildrens.org/conditions_treated/mitral_valve_abnormalities.asp Mitral Regurgitation information] from Seattle Children's Hospital Heart Center
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| * [http://www.mitralvalverepair.org Mitral Valve Repair at The Mount Sinai Hospital]
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| * [http://mitralregurgitation.org/Pages/call_center.html NEW Investigational Treatment in the EVEREST II Clinical Research Study - Percutaneous Mitral Repair]
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| == Acknowledgements ==
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| The content on this page was first contributed by: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.
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| {{Circulatory system pathology}}
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| {{Congenital malformations and deformations of circulatory system}}
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| {{SIB}}
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| [[Category:Valvular heart disease]] | | [[Category:Valvular heart disease]] |
| [[Category:Cardiology]] | | [[Category:Cardiology]] |
| [[Category:DiseaseState]] | | [[Category:Disease]] |
| | | [[Category:Cardiac surgery]] |
| {{Link FA|de}}
| | [[Category:Surgery]] |
| [[de:Mitralklappeninsuffizienz]]
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| [[es:Insuficiencia mitral]] | |
| [[ja:僧帽弁閉鎖不全]] | |
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