Thyroid nodule physical examination

Jump to navigation Jump to search


Thyroid nodule Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Thyroid nodule from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic study of choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Thyroid nodule physical examination On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Thyroid nodule physical examination

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Thyroid nodule physical examination

CDC on Thyroid nodule physical examination

Thyroid nodule physical examination in the news

Blogs on Thyroid nodule physical examination

Directions to Hospitals Treating Thyroid nodule

Risk calculators and risk factors for Thyroid nodule physical examination

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Physical examination should focus on the thyroid gland and the lateral and central neck and should assess for supraclavicular and submandibular adenopathy. The most important finding in physical examination that need a more attention include assessing the nodule's size and consistency, localized tenderness in the nodular area, lymphadenopathy, and physical exams coordinated with hypo- or hyperthyroidism.


Physical Examination

Physical examination of patients with thyroid nodule is usually remarkable for:[1][2][3][4]

Appearance of the patient

HEENT

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (particularly papillary carcinoma) involves cervical lymph nodes in 20–50% of patients in most series using standard histopathological techniques, and may be present even when the primary tumor is small and intrathyroidal.[5]

The frequency of micrometastases may approach 90%.[6]

Respiratory

References

  1. Bomeli SR, LeBeau SO, Ferris RL (2010). "Evaluation of a thyroid nodule". Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am. 43 (2): 229–38, vii. doi:10.1016/j.otc.2010.01.002. PMC 2879398. PMID 20510711.
  2. Lawrence W, Kaplan BJ (2002). "Diagnosis and management of patients with thyroid nodules". J Surg Oncol. 80 (3): 157–70. doi:10.1002/jso.10115. PMID 12115799.
  3. Popoveniuc G, Jonklaas J (2012). "Thyroid nodules". Med. Clin. North Am. 96 (2): 329–49. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2012.02.002. PMC 3575959. PMID 22443979.
  4. Milas Z, Shin J, Milas M (2011). "New guidelines for the management of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer". Minerva Endocrinol. 36 (1): 53–70. PMID 21460787.
  5. Hay ID, Grant CS, van Heerden JA, Goellner JR, Ebersold JR, Bergstralh EJ (1992). "Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a study of 535 cases observed in a 50-year period". Surgery. 112 (6): 1139–46, discussion 1146–7. PMID 1455316.
  6. Chang YW, Kim HS, Jung SP, Kim HY, Lee JB, Bae JW, Son GS (2017). "Significance of micrometastases in the calculation of the lymph node ratio for papillary thyroid cancer". Ann Surg Treat Res. 92 (3): 117–122. doi:10.4174/astr.2017.92.3.117. PMC 5344800. PMID 28289664.

Template:WH Template:WS