Sjögren's syndrome physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]

Overview

Physical examination of patients with is usually remarkable for dryness of all mucous membranes such as mouth, eyes, lips, anal and rectal.

Physical Examination

Appearance of the Patient

  • Patients with Sjögren's syndrome usually appear good.

Vital Signs

  • Vital sign might be normal.

Skin

HEENT

Neck

Lungs

Heart

  • Cardiovascular examination of patients with Sjögren's syndrome is usually normal.

Abdomen

Back

  • Back examination of patients with Sjögren's syndrome is usually normal.

Genitourinary

Neuromuscular

  • Patient is usually oriented to persons, place, and time.
  • Glasgow coma scale is 15/15
  • Paraparesis maybe present
  • Paraplegia may be present

Extremities

References

  1. Lopate G, Pestronk A, Al-Lozi M, Lynch T, Florence J, Miller T, Levine T, Rampy T, Beson B, Ramneantu I (May 2006). "Peripheral neuropathy in an outpatient cohort of patients with Sjögren's syndrome". Muscle Nerve. 33 (5): 672–6. doi:10.1002/mus.20514. PMID 16453296.
  2. Antoniazzi RP, Miranda LA, Zanatta FB, Islabão AG, Gustafsson A, Chiapinotto GA, Oppermann RV (March 2009). "Periodontal conditions of individuals with Sjögren's syndrome". J. Periodontol. 80 (3): 429–35. doi:10.1902/jop.2009.080350. PMID 19254127.
  3. Riccieri V, Sciarra I, Ceccarelli F, Alessandri C, Croia C, Vasile M, Modesti MG, Priori R, Valesini G (June 2009). "Nailfold capillaroscopy abnormalities are associated with the presence of anti-endothelial cell antibodies in Sjogren's syndrome". Rheumatology (Oxford). 48 (6): 704–6. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kep051. PMID 19307256.
  4. Ren H, Wang WM, Chen XN, Zhang W, Pan XX, Wang XL, Lin Y, Zhang S, Chen N (February 2008). "Renal involvement and followup of 130 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome". J. Rheumatol. 35 (2): 278–84. PMID 18085734.
  5. Versura P, Frigato M, Cellini M, Mulè R, Malavolta N, Campos EC (February 2007). "Diagnostic performance of tear function tests in Sjogren's syndrome patients". Eye (Lond). 21 (2): 229–37. doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6702204. PMID 16397619.
  6. Lemp MA (September 2008). "Advances in understanding and managing dry eye disease". Am. J. Ophthalmol. 146 (3): 350–356. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2008.05.016. PMID 18599017.