Paracoccidioidomycosis differential diagnosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Danitza Lukac
Overview
Acute paracoccidioidomycosis must be differentiated from leukemia, lymphoma, toxoplasmosis and sarcoidosis.[1] Chronic paracoccidioidomycosis must be differentiated from tuberculosis, histoplasmosis and metastasis.[2]
Differentiating Paracoccidioidomycosis from other Diseases
Acute paracoccidioidomycosis form:[1]
Chronic paracoccidioidomycosis form:[1]
- Tuberculosis
- Leishmaniasis
- Histoplasmosis
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Cryptococcosis
- Actinomycosis
- Sporotrichosis
- Chromoblastomycosis
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Metastasis
- Wegener's granulomatosis
| Pathogen | Disease | Geographic distribution | High risk Groups | Differentiating features | Microscopic findings | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical exam | Laboratory findings | |||||
| Fungal | Histoplasmosis | Mississippi and Ohio River valleys |
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Yeast are typically smaller, with narrow-based budding, found intracellularly within macrophages |
| Coccidioidomycosis | Southwestern US region | Opportunistic infection seen in AIDS |
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Serologic tests( enzyme immune assay )more sensitive | Characteristic spherule appearance | |
| Paracoccidioidomycosis[5] | Central and South america | Opportunistic infection seen in AIDS |
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Smaller fungi with thin cell walls, forming mariner wheel appearance, circumferentially surrounding the parent cell.( Captain wheel appearance ) | |
| Sporotrichosis | Ubiquitous | Gardeners [6] |
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+ Sporotrichin skin test | Finger or cigar shaped yeast. | |
| Aspergillosis[7] | Ubiquitous |
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Cell wall detection using galactomannan antigen detection, Beta-D-glucan detection test. | Septated hyphae with acute angle branching | ||
| Bacterial | Anthrax | Ubiquitous | Live stock handlers |
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Nonmotile, Gram-positive, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium |
| Legionella | Ubiquitous | Chronic lung disease
Building water systems |
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Gram negative bacterium | ||
| Tuberculosis | Asia,Africa | Ill contact individuals |
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Aerobic, non-encapsulated, non-motile, acid-fast bacillus | ||
| Listeriosis | Ubiquitous | Pregnant women [10]
Adults > 65 |
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flagellated, catalase-positive, facultative intracellular, anaerobic, nonsporulating, Gram-positive bacillus | |
| Brucellosis |
Mexico, South and Central America |
People who take unpasteurized dairy products |
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Gram-negative bacteria,non-motile, encapsulated coccobacilli. | |
| Scrub typhus | Asia-Pacific region
Australia Afghanistan |
Hikers[11] |
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a Gram-negative α-proteobacterium intracellular parasite | ||
| Leptospirosis | Temperate, tropical climates. | People who work with animals |
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Spiral-shaped bacteria with hooked ends on dark-field. | ||
| Cat scratch fever | Ubiquitous | cat licking a person's open wound, or bites or scratches a person[13] |
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Gram-negative bacteria. facultative intracellular parasites | ||
| Viral | Chickenpox | − |
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Whole infected cell (wc) ELISA for IgG. | − |
| Coxsackie A virus | − | Children attending day care[15] | Painful blisters in the mouth, palms and on the feet.
Rash, appears after episode of high fever. |
Clinically diagnosed | − | |
| Others | Primary lung cancer | − | Age >65 |
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CT guided bronchoscopy + for malignant cells | − |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Morón C, Ivanov M, Verea M, Pecotche D. Paracoccidioidomicosis, presentación de la casuística de diez años y revisión de la literatura. Arch. Argent. Dermatol. 2012; 62: 92-97
- ↑ Manns B.J, Baylis B.W, Urbanski S.J, Gibb A.P, Rabin H.R. Paracoccidioidomycosis: Case Report and Review. CID. 1996; 23:1026-1032
- ↑ Information for Healthcare Professionals about Histoplasmosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2015. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/histoplasmosis/health-professionals.html. Accessed February 2, 2016.
- ↑ Brown J, Benedict K, Park BJ, Thompson GR (2013). "Coccidioidomycosis: epidemiology". Clin Epidemiol. 5: 185–97. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S34434. PMC 3702223. PMID 23843703.
- ↑ Marques SA (2013). "Paracoccidioidomycosis: epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and treatment up-dating". An Bras Dermatol. 88 (5): 700–11. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132463. PMC 3798345. PMID 24173174.
- ↑ Mahajan VK (2014). "Sporotrichosis: an overview and therapeutic options". Dermatol Res Pract. 2014: 272376. doi:10.1155/2014/272376. PMC 4295339. PMID 25614735.
- ↑ Sherif R, Segal BH (2010). "Pulmonary aspergillosis: clinical presentation, diagnostic tests, management and complications". Curr Opin Pulm Med. 16 (3): 242–50. doi:10.1097/MCP.0b013e328337d6de. PMC 3326383. PMID 20375786.
- ↑ Hicks CW, Sweeney DA, Cui X, Li Y, Eichacker PQ (2012). "An overview of anthrax infection including the recently identified form of disease in injection drug users". Intensive Care Med. 38 (7): 1092–104. doi:10.1007/s00134-012-2541-0. PMC 3523299. PMID 22527064.
- ↑ Schuetz P, Haubitz S, Christ-Crain M, Albrich WC, Zimmerli W, Mueller B (2013). "Hyponatremia and anti-diuretic hormone in Legionnaires' disease". BMC Infect. Dis. 13: 585. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-585. PMC 3880094. PMID 24330484.
- ↑ Lamont RF, Sobel J, Mazaki-Tovi S, Kusanovic JP, Vaisbuch E, Kim SK, Uldbjerg N, Romero R (2011). "Listeriosis in human pregnancy: a systematic review". J Perinat Med. 39 (3): 227–36. doi:10.1515/JPM.2011.035. PMC 3593057. PMID 21517700.
- ↑ Zhou YH, Xia FQ, Van Poucke S, Zheng MH (2016). "Successful Treatment of Scrub Typhus-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis With Chloramphenicol: Report of 3 Pediatric Cases and Literature Review". Medicine (Baltimore). 95 (8): e2928. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000002928. PMC 4779037. PMID 26937940.
- ↑ Iroh Tam PY, Obaro SK, Storch G (2016). "Challenges in the Etiology and Diagnosis of Acute Febrile Illness in Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries". J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 5 (2): 190–205. doi:10.1093/jpids/piw016. PMID 27059657.
- ↑ Gouriet F, Lepidi H, Habib G, Collart F, Raoult D (2007). "From cat scratch disease to endocarditis, the possible natural history of Bartonella henselae infection". BMC Infect. Dis. 7: 30. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-7-30. PMC 1868026. PMID 17442105.
- ↑ De Paschale M, Clerici P (2016). "Microbiology laboratory and the management of mother-child varicella-zoster virus infection". World J Virol. 5 (3): 97–124. doi:10.5501/wjv.v5.i3.97. PMC 4981827. PMID 27563537.
- ↑ Flett K, Youngster I, Huang J, McAdam A, Sandora TJ, Rennick M, Smole S, Rogers SL, Nix WA, Oberste MS, Gellis S, Ahmed AA (2012). "Hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by coxsackievirus a6". Emerging Infect. Dis. 18 (10): 1702–4. doi:10.3201/eid1810.120813. PMC 3471644. PMID 23017893.