Bourbon virus infection pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [2]

Overview

Bourbon virus is a negative sense segmented RNA virus belonging to the genus Thogotovirus, family Orthomyxovirida. It is transmitted by insects and replicates in both arthropods and vertebrate hosts. The negative sense RNA virus replicates within the nuclei of the host cells. Thogoto virus Infection induces a sustained type 1 interferon response in the host until the adaptive immunity takes effect. Microscopically, bourbon viruses are 80-120nm in diameter with a genome size of approximately 10Kb.

Pathophysiology

Bourbon virus is a negative sense segmented RNA virus which belongs to the genus Thogotovirus, family Orthomyxovirida.

Transmission

  • Bourbon virus is transmitted mainly by ticks, although other arthropods may also be involved in transmission.
  • The virus is able to replicate in vertebrate and tick cells.

Adherence

Endocytosis

Virology and replication

Host response

Genetics

Negative stranded RNA virus genome replication

Associated conditions

Few rare conditions associated with bourbon virus infection are: [12]

Gross Pathology

Rash may be the first sign of infection.

  • The rash of Bourbon virus infection is usually circular and located at the site of the tick bite.

Rash after tick bite

Microscopic Pathology

Bourbon virus

References

  1. "Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis and the Sorting of Internalized Proteins - Molecular Cell Biology - NCBI Bookshelf".
  2. "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" (PDF).
  3. Albo C, Martín J, Portela A (1996). "The 5' ends of Thogoto virus (Orthomyxoviridae) mRNAs are homogeneous in both length and sequence". J. Virol. 70 (12): 9013–7. PMC 191002. PMID 8971034.
  4. 4.0 4.1 "Microbiology Society Journals | Functional comparison of the two gene products of Thogoto virus segment 6".
  5. Kochs G, Bauer S, Vogt C, Frenz T, Tschopp J, Kalinke U, Waibler Z (2010). "Thogoto virus infection induces sustained type I interferon responses that depend on RIG-I-like helicase signaling of conventional dendritic cells". J. Virol. 84 (23): 12344–50. doi:10.1128/JVI.00931-10. PMC 2976394. PMID 20861272.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Patzina C, Haller O, Kochs G (2014). "Structural requirements for the antiviral activity of the human MxA protein against Thogoto and influenza A virus". J. Biol. Chem. 289 (9): 6020–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M113.543892. PMC 3937669. PMID 24448803.
  7. Haller O, Kochs G (2011). "Human MxA protein: an interferon-induced dynamin-like GTPase with broad antiviral activity". J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 31 (1): 79–87. doi:10.1089/jir.2010.0076. PMID 21166595.
  8. Frese M, Kochs G, Meier-Dieter U, Siebler J, Haller O (1995). "Human MxA protein inhibits tick-borne Thogoto virus but not Dhori virus". J. Virol. 69 (6): 3904–9. PMC 189115. PMID 7745744.
  9. Pringle CR (1996). "Virus taxonomy 1996 - a bulletin from the Xth International Congress of Virology in Jerusalem". Arch. Virol. 141 (11): 2251–6. PMID 8992952.
  10. Pavlovic J, Haller O, Staeheli P (1992). "Human and mouse Mx proteins inhibit different steps of the influenza virus multiplication cycle". J. Virol. 66 (4): 2564–9. PMC 289059. PMID 1548781.
  11. "The Interferon Antagonist ML Protein of Thogoto Virus Targets General Transcription Factor IIB".
  12. Kosoy OI, Lambert AJ, Hawkinson DJ, Pastula DM, Goldsmith CS, Hunt DC, Staples JE (2015). "Novel thogotovirus associated with febrile illness and death, United States, 2014". Emerging Infect. Dis. 21 (5): 760–4. doi:10.3201/eid2105.150150. PMC 4412252. PMID 25899080.

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