Bourbon virus infection classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2] Usama Talib, BSc, MD [3]

Overview

Bourbon virus infection can be classified under tick-borne diseases.

Classification

Various tick-borne diseases van be classified as follows:

Disease Organism Vector Endemic Regions
Bacterial Infection
Borreliosis (Lyme Disease) [1] Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (bacterium) and B. mayonii Wood Tick (Dermacentor Variabilis), D. andersoni United States:
  • Eastern Region
  • Southwest Region
Relapsing Fever [2] Borrelia Species; Borrelia hermsii, Borellia Parkeri, Borellia duttoni, Borrelia miyamotoi Ornithodoros species Widespread:
  • Spain
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Asia
  • Africa
  • Canada
  • Western United States
Typhus (Rickettsia)
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever [3] Rickettsia Rickettsii Wood Tick (Dermacentor Variabilis), D. andersoni United States:
  • Eastern Region
  • Southwest Region
Helvetica Spotted Fever[4] Rickettsia Helvetica Ixodes Ricinus (European) Europe:
  • Sweden
  • Switzerland
  • France
  • Laos
Ehrlichiosis (Anaplasmosis) [5] Ehrlichia Chaffeensis, E. Equi Lone Star Tick (Amblyomma Americanum), Ixodes Scapularis United States:
  • South Atlantic Regions
  • South-central Regions
Tularemia [6] Francisella Tularensis D. Andersoni, D. Variabilis United States:
  • Widespread throughout the region, including higher populations in the Southeast, South-central, and the West.
Human neoehrlichiosis [5] [4] Neoehrlichia mikurensis Lone Star Tick (Amblyomma Americanum)' Widespread:
  • Europe
  • Asia
Rickettsiosis [4] Rickettsia No specific species identified Widespread:
  • South Africa
  • Morocco
  • Mediterranean
African tick-bite fever [4] Rickettsia africae Amblyomma, Dermacentor, and Rhipicephalus species Africa:
  • Sub-Saharan
  • West Indies
Queensland tick typhus [7] [4] Rickettsia austalis Ixodes species Widespread:
  • Australia
  • Tasmania
Q fever (Typhus-like infection) [7] Coxiella burnetii (mimics the mechanisms of Rickettsia) Ixodes holocyclus and Amblyomma triguttatum Australia
  • Widespread throughout Australia
Mediterranean spotted fever (Boutonneuse fever) [8] [4] Rickettsia conorii Brown Dog Tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) Widespread:
  • Southern Europe
  • Southern and Western Asia
  • Africa
  • India
Far Eastern spotted fever [4] Rickettsia heilong-jiangensis Tick Widespread:
  • Far portions of Eastern Russia
  • Northern portions of China
  • Eastern Asia
Aneruptive fever [4] [9] Rickettsia helvetica Ixodes species Widespread:
  • Northern and Central portions of Europe
  • Non-specific portions of Asia
Flinders Island spotted fever (Thai tick typhus) [4] [7] Rickettsia honei Tick Widespread in Independent Regions
  • Australia
  • Thailand
Japanese spotted fever [4] Rickettsia japonica Tick Japan
  • Widespread yet isolated to portions of Japan
Mediterranean spotted fever-like disease [4] Rickettsia massiliae and R. monacensis Tick Widespread:

R.massiliae induced:

  • France
  • Greece
  • Spain
  • Portugal
  • Switzerland
  • Sicily
  • Central Africa
  • Mali

R.monacensis induced:

  • Europe
  • North Africa
Maculatum infection Rickettsia parkeri Tick Americas:
  • United States
  • Portions of Canada
  • South America
Tick-borne necrosis and lymphadenopathy [10] Rickettsia raoultii Dermacentor marginatus Widespread:
  • Europe
  • Asia
North Asian Tick Typhus [4] Rickettsia sibirica Tick Widespread:
  • Russia
  • China
  • Mongolia
Lymphangitis [4] Rickettsia sibirica mogolotimonae 'No specific species identified Widespread:
  • Southern France
  • Portugal
  • China
  • Africa
TIBOLA [4] [10] Rickettsia slovaca Dermacentor species Widespread:
  • Southern and Eastern Europe
  • Asia
Viral Infection
Tick-borne Meningoencephalitis [11] TBEV virus Ixodes Scapularis, I. Ricinus, I.persulcatus Widespread:
  • Europe
  • Northern Asia
Colorado Tick Fever [12] CTF virus Dermacentor andersoni United States:
  • Western Region
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever [13] CCHF virus Hyalomma marginatum, Rhipicephalus bursa Widespread:
  • South Asia
  • North Africa
  • Southern Europe
Severe Febrile Illness [13] Heartland Virus Lone Star Tick (amblyomma americanum) United States:
  • Missouri
  • Tennessee
Bourbon virus infection Bourbon virus infection Lone Star Tick United States:
  • Midwest and southern States
Protozoan Infection
Babesiosis [14] Babesia microti, B divergens, B.equi Ixodes Scapularis, I. pacificus Widespread:
  • Northeastern United States
  • Europe
  • Asia


References

  1. Lyme Disease Information for HealthCare Professionals. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/healthcare/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015
  2. Relapsing Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/relapsing-fever/ Accessed on December 30, 2015
  3. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/rmsf/ Accessed on December 30, 2015
  4. 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 Disease Index General Information, Rickettsia (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/otherspottedfever / Accessed on December 30, 2015
  5. 5.0 5.1 Disease index General Information (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/babesiosis/health_professionals/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015
  6. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). \http://www.cdc.gov/tularemia/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 Australian Tick Index http://www.karlmcmanusfoundation.org.au/ticks-in-oz Accessed on December 30, 2015
  8. Oztoprak N, Celebi G, Aydemir H, et al. [Mediterranean spotted fever due to contact with dog-tick]. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2008;42(4):7016.http:// http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19149095 Accessed on December 30, 2015
  9. Fournier PE, Allombert C, Supputamongkol Y, Caruso G, Brouqui P, Raoult D. Aneruptive fever associated with antibodies to Rickettsia helvetica in Europe and Thailand. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(2):816-8. http://http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC344501/ Accessed on December 30, 2015
  10. 10.0 10.1 Dermacentor-borne necrosis erythema and lymphadenopathy: clinical and epidemiological features of a new tick-borne disease. Oteo JA, Ibarra V, Blanco JR, et al. Dermacentor-borne necrosis erythema and lymphadenopathy: clinical and epidemiological features of a new tick-borne disease. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2004;10(4):327-31 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15059122 Accessed on December 30, 2015
  11. General Disease Information (TBE). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/tbe/ Accessed on December 30, 2015
  12. CTF Disease Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/coloradotickfever/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015
  13. 13.0 13.1 General Tick Disease Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/ticks/symptoms.html Accessed on December 30, 2015
  14. Babesiosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/babesiosis/disease.htmlAccessed December 8, 2015.

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