Viral encephalitis causes

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Template:Encephalitis Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2]

Overview

Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain, commonly caused by a viral infection. Sometimes, encephalitis can result from a bacterial infection, such as bacterial meningitis, or it may be a complication of other infectious diseases like rabies (viral) or syphilis (bacterial). Certain parasitic or protozoal infestations, such as toxoplasmosis, malaria, or primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, can also cause encephalitis in people with compromised immune systems. Additionally, fungal, and autoimmune disorders can also produce encephalitis

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Kawasaki disease
Chemical / poisoning Arsenic, heavy metal toxicity, organophosphate poisoning, poison hemlock, thallium
Dermatologic Behcet disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
Drug Side Effect Zanamivir
Ear Nose Throat Cholesteatoma, labyrinthitis, sinusitis
Endocrine Myasthenia gravis
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Porphyria
Genetic Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, biotinidase deficiency, familial histiocytic reticulosis, hemophagocytic reticulosis, porphyria, Smith disease
Hematologic Familial histiocytic reticulosis, hemophagocytic reticulosis, lymphoproliferative syndrome, porphyria
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Borrelia burgdorferi, botulism, California encephalitis virus, campylobacter fetus, capnocytophaga canimorsus, cardiovirus, cat scratch disease, cercopithecine herpesvirus 1, Chagas disease, chandipura virus, chicken pox, coccidioides spp, Colorado tick fever, congenital herpes simplex , congenital rubella syndrome, congenital syphilis, coxiella burnetii , coxsackievirus, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, cryptococcosis , cryptococcus neoformans, cysticercosis, cytomegalovirus, dengue fever, diphtheria, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Ebstein-Barr virus, ehrlichia chaffeensis , ehrlichiosis, elizabethkingia meningoseptica, enterobacter sakazakii, enterovirus 70, enterovirus 71, enteroviruses, escherichia coli, fetal parainfluenza virus type 3 , flavivirus infections, flu, gnathostoma hispidum infection, gnathostoma spinigerum infection, gnathostoma spinigerum, haemophilus influenzae, hantavirosis , hemorrhagic fever, hendra virus, hepatitis E virus, herpes B virus, herpes simplex virus, histoplasma capsulatum, HIV, human granulocytotrophic ehrlichiosis, human herpesvirus 6, human monocytotrophic ehrlichiosis, immunosuppressive measles encephalitis, influenza virus, Japanese encephalitis, JC virus, klebsiella, kumlinge virus encephalitis, kunjin virus, labyrinthitis, listeria monocytogenes, listeriosis , louping ill, Lyme disease, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, lyssavirus, malaria, measles, mononucleosis , mumps , mumps virus, Murray Valley encephalitis virus, mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, naegleria fowleri, neisseria meningiditis, neonatal herpes, nipah virus, pneumococcus, poliomyelitis, pontiac fever, Powassan virus, poxviridae disease , primary amoebic meningoencephalitis , primary encephalitis , progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, pseudomonas aeruginosa, Q fever, Queensland tick typhus, rabies, Rasmussen's encephalitis , rickettsiae, Rift Valley fever, rocio encephalitis , Rocky Mountain spotted fever, rubella, salmonella typhi, schistosoma japonicum, secondary encephalitis , shingles , Simian B virus infection, sinusitis, St. Louis encephalitis , staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus suis, streptococcus, group B, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, taenia solium , tick-borne encephalitis, togaviridae disease , TORCH syndrome , toxocariasis , toxoplasma gondii, toxoplasmosis , trench fever, treponema pallidum, trichinella, trichinosis , tropheryma whipplei, trypanosoma brucei gambiense, trypanosomiasis , vaccinia, varicella zoster virus, varicella zoster, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, viral encephalitis, West Nile fever, Western equine encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis, whooping cough , yersinia pestis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Metabolic myopathies, multiple sclerosis, skull fracture
Neurologic Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, aseptic meningitis, cauda equina syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, conus medullaris, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, multiple sclerosis, paraneoplastic neurologic disorders, poliomyelitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, St. Louis encephalitis , subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic Biotinidase deficiency, metabolic myopathies
Obstetric/Gynecologic TORCH syndrome
Oncologic Paraneoplastic neurologic disorders
Opthalmologic Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity Heavy metal toxicity
Psychiatric Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Pulmonary Flu, whooping cough
Renal / Electrolyte Systemic lupus erythematosus
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Behcet disease, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Cauda equina syndrome, skull fracture
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Porphyria


Causes in Alphabetical Order

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Gallery

References

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  3. Pancer K, Szkoda MT, Gut W (2014). "Imported cases of dengue in Poland and their diagnosis". Przegl Epidemiol. 68 (4): 651–5. PMID 25848785.
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  6. "Public Health Image Library (PHIL)".

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