Viral encephalitis causes: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{ | {{Viral encephalitis}} | ||
{{CMG}}; | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Ochuko}}; [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, MBBS]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]; {{AG}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Life-threatening causes of encephalitis include ''[[Balamuthia mandrillaris]]'' and [[Dengue fever]]. Common causes of encephalitis include infections with viruses such as [[arbovirus]]s, [[herpes simplex]], [[measles]], [[mumps]], [[polio]], and [[rabies]], which often lead to an autoimmune response. Less common causes of encephalitis include chronic autoimmune disorders and infections with [[bacteria]], [[fungi]], and [[parasites]]. | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Life Threatening Causes=== | ===Life Threatening Causes=== | ||
Life-threatening causes include | Life-threatening causes include:<ref name="pmid24374438">{{cite journal| author=Matin A, Jung SY, Nawaz S| title=In vitro assessment of cytokines interactions with Balamuthia mandrillaris using human brain microvascular endothelial cells. | journal=Pak J Pharm Sci | year= 2014 | volume= 27 | issue= 1 | pages= 107-13 | pmid=24374438 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24374438 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Balamuthia mandrillaris]] | |||
*[[Dengue fever]] | *[[Dengue fever]] | ||
If left untreated, these conditions may result in subsequent [[mortality]] or permanent disability within 24 hours. | |||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
* [[Arbovirus]] | *[[Arbovirus]] | ||
* [[Herpes simplex virus]] | *[[Herpes simplex virus]] | ||
* [[ | *[[Measles]] | ||
* [[ | *[[Mumps]] | ||
* [[Poliomyelitis | *[[Poliomyelitis|Polio]] | ||
* [[ | *[[Rabies]] | ||
==Causes by Organ System== | ==Causes by Organ System== | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Chemical / poisoning''' | | '''Chemical / poisoning''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arsenic]], [[heavy metal ingestion|heavy metal toxicity]], [[organophosphate poisoning]], [[poison hemlock]], [[thallium]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arsenic]], [[heavy metal ingestion|heavy metal toxicity]], [[icaridin]], [[organophosphate poisoning]], [[poison hemlock]], [[thallium]] | ||
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| '''Drug Side Effect''' | | '''Drug Side Effect''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acyclovir]], [[interferon]], [[kynurenic acid]], [[levodopa]], [[methamphetamine]], [[trimethobenzamide]], [[zanamivir]] | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Gastroenterologic''' | | '''Gastroenterologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Porphyria]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Porphyria]], [[Reye's syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Genetic''' | | '''Genetic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aicardi-Goutières syndrome]], [[biotinidase deficiency]], [[familial histiocytic reticulosis]], [[hemophagocytic reticulosis]], [[porphyria]], [[Smith-Magenis syndrome|Smith disease]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aicardi-Goutières syndrome]], [[biotinidase deficiency]], [[familial histiocytic reticulosis]], [[hemophagocytic reticulosis]], [[ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency]], [[porphyria]], [[Smith-Magenis syndrome|Smith disease]], [[Tourette syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Hematologic''' | | '''Hematologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Familial histiocytic reticulosis]], [[hemophagocytic reticulosis]], [[autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome|lymphoproliferative syndrome]], [[porphyria]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Familial histiocytic reticulosis]], [[hemophagocytic reticulosis]], [[autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome|lymphoproliferative syndrome]], [[porphyria]], [[x-linked agammaglobulinemia]] | ||
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| '''Infectious Disease''' | | '''Infectious Disease''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Borrelia burgdorferi]], [[botulism]], [[California encephalitis virus]], [[campylobacter fetus]], [[capnocytophaga canimorsus]], [[cardiovirus]], [[cat scratch disease]], [[cercopithecine herpesvirus 1]], [[Chagas disease]], [[chandipura virus]], [[chicken pox]], [[coccidioides spp]], [[Colorado tick fever]], [[congenital herpes simplex ]], [[congenital rubella syndrome]], [[congenital syphilis]], [[coxiella burnetii ]], [[coxsackievirus]], [[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]], [[cryptococcosis ]], [[cryptococcus neoformans]], [[cysticercosis]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[dengue fever]], [[diphtheria]], [[Eastern equine encephalitis virus]], [[Ebstein-Barr virus]], [[ehrlichia|ehrlichia chaffeensis ]], [[ehrlichiosis]], [[elizabethkingia meningoseptica]], [[enterobacter sakazakii]], [[enterovirus 70]], [[enterovirus|enterovirus 71]], [[enteroviruses]], [[escherichia coli]], [[human parainfluenza viruses classification|fetal parainfluenza virus type 3 ]], [[flavivirus|flavivirus infections]], [[flu]], [[gnathostomiasis|gnathostoma hispidum infection]], [[gnathostoma spinigerum|gnathostoma spinigerum infection]], [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[alkhurma virus]], [[Borrelia burgdorferi]], [[botulism]], [[brome mosaic virus]], [[California encephalitis virus]], [[campylobacter fetus]], [[capnocytophaga canimorsus]], [[cardiovirus]], [[cat scratch disease]], [[cercopithecine herpesvirus 1]], [[Chagas disease]], [[chandipura virus]], [[chicken pox]], [[coccidioides spp]], [[Colorado tick fever]], [[congenital herpes simplex]], [[congenital rubella syndrome]], [[congenital syphilis]], [[coxiella burnetii ]], [[coxsackievirus]], [[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]], [[cryptococcosis]], [[cryptococcus neoformans]], [[cysticercosis]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[dengue fever]], [[diphtheria]], [[duvenhage virus]], [[Eastern equine encephalitis virus]], [[Ebstein-Barr virus]], [[ehrlichia|ehrlichia chaffeensis]], [[ehrlichiosis]], [[elizabethkingia meningoseptica]], [[enterobacter sakazakii]], [[enterovirus 70]], [[enterovirus|enterovirus 71]], [[enteroviruses]], [[escherichia coli]], [[feline viral rhinotracheitis]], [[human parainfluenza viruses classification|fetal parainfluenza virus type 3]], [[flavivirus|flavivirus infections]], [[flu]], [[gnathostomiasis|gnathostoma hispidum infection]], [[gnathostoma spinigerum]], [[gnathostoma spinigerum|gnathostoma spinigerum infection]], [[gnathostomiasis]], [[group B streptococcal infection|streptococcus, group B]], [[haemophilus influenzae]], [[hand-foot-and-mouth disease]], [[hantavirosis ]], [[hemorrhagic fever]], [[hendra virus]], [[henipavirus]], [[hepatitis E virus]], [[herpes B virus]], [[herpes simplex virus]], [[histoplasma capsulatum]], [[HIV]], [[ehrlichiosis|human granulocytotrophic ehrlichiosis]], [[human herpesvirus 6]], [[ehrlichiosis|human monocytotrophic ehrlichiosis]], [[subacute sclerosing panencephalitis|immunosuppressive measles encephalitis]], [[infectious canine hepatitis]], [[influenza virus]], [[Japanese encephalitis]], [[JC virus]], [[klebsiella]], [[tick-borne encephalitis|kumlinge virus encephalitis]], [[kunjin virus]], [[La Crosse encephalitis]], [[labyrinthitis]], [[lassa fever]], [[listeria monocytogenes]], [[listeriosis ]], [[louping ill]], [[Lyme disease]], [[lymphocytic choriomeningitis]], [[lyssavirus]], [[malaria]], [[measles]], [[mokola virus]], [[mononucleosis ]], [[mumps ]], [[mumps virus]], [[Murray Valley encephalitis virus]], [[mycobacterium avium-intracellulare]], [[mycobacterium tuberculosis]], [[mycoplasma pneumoniae]], [[naegleria fowleri]], [[neisseria meningiditis]], [[neonatal herpes]], [[nipah virus]], [[nocardia]], [[pertussis]], [[phlebovirus]], [[pneumococcus]], [[poliomyelitis]], [[pontiac fever]], [[Powassan virus]], [[poxviridae disease]], [[primary amoebic meningoencephalitis ]], [[encephalitis classification|primary encephalitis]], [[progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]], [[pseudomonas aeruginosa]], [[psittacosis]], [[Q fever]], [[rickettsia|Queensland tick typhus]], [[rabies]], [[Rasmussen's encephalitis]], [[rickettsiae]], [[Rift Valley fever]], [[tropical disease|rocio encephalitis]], [[Rocky Mountain spotted fever]], [[rubella]], [[salmonella typhi]], [[schistosoma japonicum]], [[encephalitis classification|secondary encephalitis]], [[shingles]], [[polyomavirus|Simian B virus infection]], [[sinusitis]], [[St. Louis encephalitis]], [[staphylococcus aureus]], [[streptococcus pneumoniae]], [[streptococcus suis]], [[subacute sclerosing panencephalitis]], [[taenia solium]], [[tick-borne encephalitis]], [[togaviridae disease]], [[TORCH syndrome]], [[toxocariasis]], [[toxoplasma gondii]], [[toxoplasmosis]], [[trench fever]], [[treponema pallidum]], [[trichinella]], [[trichinosis]], [[tropheryma whipplei]], [[trypanosoma brucei gambiense]], [[trypanosomiasis]], [[typhoid fever]], [[vaccinia]], [[varicella zoster]], [[varicella zoster virus]], [[Venezuelan equine encephalitis]], [[viral encephalitis]], [[visna virus]], [[West Nile fever]], [[Western equine encephalitis]], [[Western equine encephalitis virus]], [[whooping cough]], [[yersinia pestis]] | ||
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| '''Neurologic''' | | '''Neurologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aicardi-Goutières syndrome]], [[aseptic meningitis]], [[cauda equina syndrome]], [[chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy]], [[conus medullaris]], [[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]], [[multiple sclerosis]], [[paraneoplastic syndrome|paraneoplastic neurologic disorders]], [[poliomyelitis]], [[progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]], [[St. Louis encephalitis ]], [[subacute sclerosing panencephalitis]], [[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aicardi-Goutières syndrome]], [[amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]], [[aseptic meningitis]], [[cauda equina syndrome]], [[cerebral palsy]], [[chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy]], [[conus medullaris]], [[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]], [[Lennox-Gastaut syndrome]], [[multiple sclerosis]], [[opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome]], [[paraneoplastic syndrome|paraneoplastic neurologic disorders]], [[poliomyelitis]], [[progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]], [[Rasmussen syndrome]], [[Schilder's disease]], [[St. Louis encephalitis]], [[status epilepticus]], [[subacute sclerosing panencephalitis]], [[temporal lobe epilepsy]], [[Tourette syndrome]], [[tourettism]], [[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic''' | | '''Nutritional / Metabolic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Biotinidase deficiency]], [[myopathy|metabolic myopathies]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Biotinidase deficiency]], [[myopathy|metabolic myopathies]], [[ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency]] | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Overdose / Toxicity''' | | '''Overdose / Toxicity''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Heavy metal ingestion|Heavy metal toxicity]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Heavy metal ingestion|Heavy metal toxicity]], [[Reye's syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Psychiatric''' | | '''Psychiatric''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]] | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]], [[shaken baby syndrome]], [[Tourette syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Pulmonary''' | | '''Pulmonary''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Flu]], [[whooping cough]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Flu]], [[pertussis]], [[whooping cough]] | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy''' | | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Behcet disease]], [[chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy]], [[multiple sclerosis]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Behcet disease]], [[chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy]], [[multiple sclerosis]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[x-linked agammaglobulinemia]] | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Trauma''' | | '''Trauma''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cauda equina syndrome]], [[skull fracture]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cauda equina syndrome]], [[shaken baby syndrome]], [[skull fracture]] | ||
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|} | |} | ||
===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ||
{{columns-list | {{columns-list| | ||
*[[Acanthamoeba]] | *[[Acanthamoeba]] | ||
*[[Actinomycosis]] | *[[Actinomycosis]] | ||
| Line 188: | Line 186: | ||
*[[Cysticercosis]] | *[[Cysticercosis]] | ||
*[[Cytomegalovirus]] | *[[Cytomegalovirus]] | ||
*[[Dengue fever]] | *[[Dengue fever]] <ref name="pmid25848785">{{cite journal| author=Pancer K, Szkoda MT, Gut W| title=Imported cases of dengue in Poland and their diagnosis. | journal=Przegl Epidemiol | year= 2014 | volume= 68 | issue= 4 | pages= 651-5 | pmid=25848785 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25848785 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Diphtheria]] | *[[Diphtheria]] | ||
*[[Duvenhage virus]] | *[[Duvenhage virus]] | ||
| Line 235: | Line 233: | ||
*[[Kawasaki disease]] | *[[Kawasaki disease]] | ||
*[[Klebsiella]] | *[[Klebsiella]] | ||
*[[tick-borne encephalitis|Kumlinge virus encephalitis]] | *[[tick-borne encephalitis|Kumlinge virus encephalitis]] <ref name="pmid2703799">{{cite journal| author=Wahlberg P, Saikku P, Brummer-Korvenkontio M| title=Tick-borne viral encephalitis in Finland. The clinical features of Kumlinge disease during 1959-1987. | journal=J Intern Med | year= 1989 | volume= 225 | issue= 3 | pages= 173-7 | pmid=2703799 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2703799 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Kunjin virus]] | *[[Kunjin virus]] | ||
*[[Kynurenic acid]] | *[[Kynurenic acid]] | ||
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*[[Labyrinthitis]] | *[[Labyrinthitis]] | ||
*[[Lassa fever]] | *[[Lassa fever]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Lennox-Gastaut syndrome]] | ||
*[[Levodopa]] | *[[Levodopa]] | ||
*[[Listeria monocytogenes]] | *[[Listeria monocytogenes]] | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category: | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | |||
[[Category:Crowdiagnosis]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Neurological disorders]] | [[Category:Neurological disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Inflammations]] | [[Category:Inflammations]] | ||
[[Category:Overview complete]] | [[Category:Overview complete]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:40, 30 July 2020
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Viral encephalitis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Viral encephalitis causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Viral encephalitis causes |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Viral encephalitis causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]; Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [3]; Anthony Gallo, B.S. [4]
Overview
Life-threatening causes of encephalitis include Balamuthia mandrillaris and Dengue fever. Common causes of encephalitis include infections with viruses such as arboviruss, herpes simplex, measles, mumps, polio, and rabies, which often lead to an autoimmune response. Less common causes of encephalitis include chronic autoimmune disorders and infections with bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include:[1]
If left untreated, these conditions may result in subsequent mortality or permanent disability within 24 hours.
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Acanthamoeba
- Actinomycosis
- Acyclovir
- Adenovirus
- African trypanosomiasis
- Aicardi-Goutières syndrome [2]
- Alkhurma virus
- American mountain fever
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum
- Angiostrongyliasis
- Arboviral encephalitis
- Arsenic
- Aseptic meningitis
- Aspergillosis
- Bacteroides
- Balamuthia mandrillaris
- Bartonella henselae
- Bartonella quintana
- Bartonellosis
- Baylisascaris procyonis
- Behcet disease
- Biotinidase deficiency
- Borrelia burgdorferi
- Botulism
- Brome mosaic virus
- California encephalitis virus
- Campylobacter fetus
- Capnocytophaga canimorsus
- Cardiovirus
- Cat scratch disease
- Cauda equina syndrome
- Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1
- Chagas disease
- Chandipura virus
- Chicken pox
- Cholesteatoma
- Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
- Coccidioides spp
- Colorado tick fever
- Congenital herpes simplex
- Congenital rubella syndrome
- Congenital syphilis
- Conus medullaris
- Coxiella burnetii
- Coxsackievirus
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- Cryptococcosis
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Cysticercosis
- Cytomegalovirus
- Dengue fever [3]
- Diphtheria
- Duvenhage virus
- Eastern equine encephalitis virus
- Ebstein-Barr virus
- Echovirus
- Ehrlichia chaffeensis
- Ehrlichiosis
- Elizabethkingia meningoseptica
- Enterobacter sakazakii
- Enterovirus 70
- Enterovirus 71
- Enteroviruses
- Escherichia coli
- Familial histiocytic reticulosis
- Feline viral rhinotracheitis
- Fetal parainfluenza virus type 3
- Flavivirus infections
- Flu
- Gnathostoma hispidum infection
- Gnathostoma spinigerum
- Gnathostoma spinigerum infection
- Gnathostomiasis
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
- Hantavirosis
- Heavy metal toxicity
- Hemophagocytic reticulosis
- Hemorrhagic fever [4]
- Hendra virus
- Hepatitis E virus
- Herpes B virus
- Herpes simplex virus
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- HIV
- Human granulocytotrophic ehrlichiosis
- Human herpesvirus 6
- Human monocytotrophic ehrlichiosis
- Icaridin
- Immunosuppressive measles encephalitis
- Infectious canine hepatitis
- Influenza virus
- Interferon
- Japanese encephalitis
- JC virus
- Kawasaki disease
- Klebsiella
- Kumlinge virus encephalitis [5]
- Kunjin virus
- Kynurenic acid
- La Crosse encephalitis
- Labyrinthitis
- Lassa fever
- Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
- Levodopa
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Listeriosis
- Louping ill
- Lyme disease
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
- Lymphoproliferative syndrome
- Lyssavirus
- Malaria
- Measles
- Metabolic myopathies
- Methamphetamine
- Mokola virus
- Mononucleosis
- Multiple sclerosis
- Mumps
- Murray Valley encephalitis virus
- Myasthenia gravis
- Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Naegleria fowleri
- Neisseria meningiditis
- Neonatal herpes
- Nipah virus
- Nocardia
- Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome
- Organophosphate poisoning
- Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
- Paraneoplastic neurologic disorders
- Pertussis
- Phlebovirus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Pneumococcus
- Poison hemlock
- Poliomyelitis
- Pontiac fever
- Porphyria
- Powassan virus
- Poxviridae disease
- Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
- Primary encephalitis
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Psittacosis
- Q fever
- Queensland tick typhus
- Rabies
- Rasmussen syndrome
- Rasmussen's encephalitis
- Reye's syndrome
- Rickettsiae
- Rift Valley fever
- Rocio encephalitis
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever
- Rubella
- Salmonella typhi
- Schilder's disease
- Schistosoma japonicum
- Secondary encephalitis
- Shaken baby syndrome
- Shingles
- Simian B virus infection
- Sinusitis
- Skull fracture
- Smith disease
- St. Louis encephalitis
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Status epilepticus
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Streptococcus suis
- Streptococcus, group B
- Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Taenia solium
- Temporal lobe epilepsy
- Thallium
- Tick-borne encephalitis
- Togaviridae disease
- TORCH syndrome
- Tourette syndrome
- Tourettism
- Toxocariasis
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Toxoplasmosis
- Trench fever
- Treponema pallidum
- Trichinella
- Trichinosis
- Trimethobenzamide
- Tropheryma whipplei
- Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
- Trypanosomiasis
- Typhoid fever
- Vaccinia
- Varicella zoster
- Varicella zoster virus
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis
- Viral encephalitis
- Visna virus
- Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
- West Nile fever
- Western equine encephalitis
- Western equine encephalitis virus
- Whooping cough
- X-linked agammaglobulinemia
- Yersinia pestis
- Zanamivir
Gallery
-
![This image reveals some of the cytoarchitectural features seen in a lymph node specimen that had been extracted from a patient suspected of a Hantavirus illness. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [6]](/images/c/c0/Flavivirus06.jpeg)
This image reveals some of the cytoarchitectural features seen in a lymph node specimen that had been extracted from a patient suspected of a Hantavirus illness. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [6]
![This image reveals some of the cytoarchitectural features seen in a lymph node specimen that had been extracted from a patient suspected of a Hantavirus illness. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [6]](/index.php/File:Flavivirus06.jpeg)
References
- ↑ Matin A, Jung SY, Nawaz S (2014). "In vitro assessment of cytokines interactions with Balamuthia mandrillaris using human brain microvascular endothelial cells". Pak J Pharm Sci. 27 (1): 107–13. PMID 24374438.
- ↑ Stephenson JB (2008). "Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS)". Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 12 (5): 355–8. doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2007.11.010. PMID 18343173.
- ↑ Pancer K, Szkoda MT, Gut W (2014). "Imported cases of dengue in Poland and their diagnosis". Przegl Epidemiol. 68 (4): 651–5. PMID 25848785.
- ↑ Paddock CD, Nicholson WL, Bhatnagar J, Goldsmith CS, Greer PW, Hayes EB; et al. (2006). "Fatal hemorrhagic fever caused by West Nile virus in the United States". Clin Infect Dis. 42 (11): 1527–35. doi:10.1086/503841. PMID 16652309.
- ↑ Wahlberg P, Saikku P, Brummer-Korvenkontio M (1989). "Tick-borne viral encephalitis in Finland. The clinical features of Kumlinge disease during 1959-1987". J Intern Med. 225 (3): 173–7. PMID 2703799.
- ↑ "Public Health Image Library (PHIL)".