Sandbox: malabsorption: Difference between revisions

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==Diarrhea==
==Diarrhea==


<span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:''' '''GI:''' [[Gastrointestinal tract|Gastrointestinal]], '''WBC:''' [[White blood cells]], '''Plt:''' [[Platelet|Platelets]], '''Hgb:''' [[Hemoglobin]], '''IgE:''' [[Immunoglobulin E]], '''IgA:''' [[Immunoglobulin A]], '''ETEC:''' [[Escherichia coli enteritis]], '''EPEC''': [[Escherichia coli|Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli]], '''EIEC''': [[Escherichia coli enteritis|Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli]], '''EHEC''': [[Escherichia coli|Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli]], '''EAEC''': [[Escherichia coli enteritis|Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli]], '''ESR''': [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], '''CRP''': [[C-reactive protein]],</span>  
<span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:''' '''GI:''' [[Gastrointestinal tract|Gastrointestinal]], '''CBC''': [[Complete blood count]], '''WBC:''' [[White blood cells|White blood cell]], '''RBC''': [[Red blood cell]], '''Plt:''' [[Platelet]], '''Hgb:''' [[Hemoglobin]], '''ESR''': [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], '''CRP''': [[C-reactive protein]], '''IgE:''' [[Immunoglobulin E]], '''IgA:''' [[Immunoglobulin A]], '''ETEC:''' [[Escherichia coli enteritis]], '''EPEC''': [[Escherichia coli|Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli]], '''EIEC''': [[Escherichia coli enteritis|Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli]], '''EHEC''': [[Escherichia coli|Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli]], '''EAEC''': [[Escherichia coli enteritis|Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli]],</span>


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Revision as of 18:54, 13 December 2017

Diarrhea

Abbreviations: GI: Gastrointestinal, CBC: Complete blood count, WBC: White blood cell, RBC: Red blood cell, Plt: Platelet, Hgb: Hemoglobin, ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP: C-reactive protein, IgE: Immunoglobulin E, IgA: Immunoglobulin A, ETEC: Escherichia coli enteritis, EPEC: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, EIEC: Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, EHEC: Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, EAEC: Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli,

Categories Cause Clinical manifestation Lab findings Extra intestinal findings Cause/Pathogenesis Gold standard diagnosis
Symptoms GI signs
Duration Diarrhea Fever Abdominal pain Weight loss
Stool exam CBC Other lab findings
Acute Chronic Watery Bloody Fatty WBC RBC Ova/Parasite Osmotic gap Other WBC Hgb Plt
Gastrointestinal Crohns disease + + + + ± + + + +
  • Abnormal immune response to self antigens
Ulcerative colitis - + + + + + + + + + - - -
  • Abnormal immune response to self antigens
Celiac disease - + ± - ± - + + - - - - - -
  • IgA endomysial antibody
  • Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody
  • Anti-gliadin antibody
  • IgA endomysial antibody
  • IgA tissue transglutaminase antibody
Cystic fibrosis - + - - + ± + +
- -
- -
  • Positive DNA analysis for CFTR
  • Nasal transepithelial potential difference
Chronic pancreatitis - + + - + - + + - -
- - -
  • Slightly elevated amylase and lipase
  • Abnormal pancreatic function test
  • Repeated acute pancreatitis
  • Alcohol abuse
  • Genetic
  • Autoimmune
Bile acid malabsorption - +
- -
Microscopic colitis - + + + - - + + - -
- -
Infective colitis -
- -
Ischemic colitis -
- -
Mesenteric ischemia -
- -
Lactose intolerance + + + - - - + - -
- - -
Irritable bowel syndrome - + ± - ± - ± - - -
- - -
  • Diagnosis of exclusion
Infection Bacterial Whipple's disease - + + - + ± + + - - - - ↓/↑
Tropical sprue + + + - + + + + - -
- -
  • Diagnosis of exclusion
Small bowel bacterial overgrowth - + + - + - + + - -
- -
  • Excess bacteria in the small intestine
  • Alterations in intestinal anatomy or GI motility
  • Lack of gastric acid secretion
  • Diagnosis of exclusion
Food poisoning -
- -
Pseudomembranous colitis + - + +/- - + + +/-
  • Abdominal tenderness
  • Presence of pseudomembranes of endoscopy
- -
  • Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for C difficile toxin A and B
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay or C difficile antigen (glutamate dehydrogenase [GDH]) EIA
  • Leukocytosis
  • Elevated serum creatinine
  • Hypoalbuminemia
  • Anasarca
  • Elevated serum lactate
  • Stool exam
  • CT
Shigella -
- -
Salmonella -
- -
Campylobacter jejuni -
- -
E-coli ETEC

(Traveler's diarrhea)

+ - + - - + - -
- -
  • Enterotoxins:
    • Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) 
    • Heat-stable enterotoxin (ST)
  • Enterotoxins:
    • Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT)
    • Heat-stable enterotoxin (ST)
EPEC -
- -
EIEC -
- -
EHEC -
- -
EAEC -
- -
Yersinia enterocolitica -
- -
Vibrio cholera -
- -
Aeromonas -
- -
Plesiomonas -
- -
Mycobacterium avium complex + + +/- + -
+/- + - -
- -
  • Immune system analysis may show defects
Other infections
  • aaaa
  • bbbb
+ + - + +/-
+ + - -
  • Stool culture may be positive for responsible organism
- -
Virus Rotavirus -
- -
Echovirus -
- -
Adenovirus -
- -
Norovirus -
- -
CMV colitis + + +/- + -
+/- + - -
- -
  • CD 4 level decreased as it is maily associated with HIV
HIV -
- -
Hepatitis Hepatitis A -
- -
Hepatitis E -
- -
Parasite Entamoeba histolytica -
+ -
Giardia -
+ -
Cryptosporidium -
+ -
Microsporidia -
+ -
Isospora + + + -
+ + + -
-
Other Parasitic diarrhea
  • aaaa
  • bbbb
+ + + - + +/-
+ + + -
- -
Tumors Carcinoid tumor -
-
VIPoma + + + - + - + + -
- - -
  • Primary secretory tumor
  • Elevated VIP levels
  • Followed by imaging
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - + + - + - + + -
- -
  • Elevated basal or stimulated serum gastrin> 120 pg/mL
Somatostatinoma -
-
Lymphoma -
- -
Colorectal cancer + + + +
- + - -
- ↑/↓ -
  • May be associated with FAP gene or HNPCC gene
Medication/Toxicity Drug induced enteritis -
- -
Laxative abuse -
-
Heavy metal ingestion -
- -
Organophosphate poisoning -
- -
Opium withdrawal -
- -
Iatrogenic Short bowel syndrome + + + - + - - + - -
-
  • Surgical intestinal resection
Radiation enteritis -
- -
Dumping syndrome -
- -
Others Abetalipoproteinemia - + + - + - + + - -
- - -
Hyperthyroidism - + + - - ± + + - -
- - -
  • Elevated T4
  • Elevated T3
  • Decreased TSH
Diabetic neuropathy -
- -
Systemic sclerosis -
- -