Polyarthritis with fever: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{EG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{EG}}


<small>
{| align="center" style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;"
{| align="center" style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;"
! colspan="3" rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Diseases
! colspan="3" rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Diseases
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! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
|-
|-
! rowspan="21" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Polyarthritis
! rowspan="8" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Polyarthritis
! rowspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Infectious arthritis]]
! rowspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Infectious arthritis]]
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Lyme disease]]<ref name="pmid25999227">{{cite journal| author=Lantos PM| title=Chronic Lyme disease. | journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am | year= 2015 | volume= 29 | issue= 2 | pages= 325-40 | pmid=25999227 | doi=10.1016/j.idc.2015.02.006 | pmc=4477530 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25999227  }}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Lyme disease]]<ref name="pmid25999227">{{cite journal| author=Lantos PM| title=Chronic Lyme disease. | journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am | year= 2015 | volume= 29 | issue= 2 | pages= 325-40 | pmid=25999227 | doi=10.1016/j.idc.2015.02.006 | pmc=4477530 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25999227  }}</ref>
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! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Diarrhea]], [[Enthesopathy]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Diarrhea]], [[Enthesopathy]]
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Other [[Seronegative spondyloarthritis|seronegative spondyloarthritides]]'''
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Other [[Seronegative spondyloarthritis|seronegative spondyloarthritides]]'''
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Ankylosing spondylitis]]<ref name="pmid16974012">{{cite journal| author=McVeigh CM, Cairns AP| title=Diagnosis and management of ankylosing spondylitis. | journal=BMJ | year= 2006 | volume= 333 | issue= 7568 | pages= 581-5 | pmid=16974012 | doi=10.1136/bmj.38954.689583.DE | pmc=1570004 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16974012  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Dactylitis]] (sausage digit)
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | High [[WBC]] count ([[lymphocyte]] predominance)
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[Alkaline phosphatase|Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Bony [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]] and [[sclerosis]] of the [[joints]] 
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Early [[sacroiliitis]], [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]], and [[enthesitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Possible [[cauda equina syndrome]] secondary to [[spinal stenosis]] in [[MRI]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Chronic [[inflammation]] with [[CD4+|CD4<sup>+</sup>]] and [[CD8+ T cells|CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes]] and [[macrophages]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[X-rays|Plain x-rays]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Peripheral [[enthesitis]], [[Uveitis]] 
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Psoriatic arthritis]]<ref name="pmid23493653">{{cite journal| author=Sankowski AJ, Lebkowska UM, Cwikła J, Walecka I, Walecki J| title=Psoriatic arthritis. | journal=Pol J Radiol | year= 2013 | volume= 78 | issue= 1 | pages= 7-17 | pmid=23493653 | doi=10.12659/PJR.883763 | pmc=3596149 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23493653  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Scaly [[Erythematous rash|erythematous plaques]],
 
[[Guttate psoriasis|Guttate lesions]], Lakes of [[pus]],
 
[[Erythroderma]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |High [[WBC]] count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of [[PMN|PMN leukocytes]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[RF]], [[ANA]], [[IgA]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Joint]]-space narrowing, [[Periostitis|Fluffy periostitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Pencil-in-cup deformity, Early signs of [[synovitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovitis|Sacroiliitic synovitis]], [[Enthesitis]] in [[MRI]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Lack of intrasynovial [[Immunoglobulin A|Ig]] and [[RF]], Greater propensity for [[Ankylosis|fibrous ankylosis]], [[Osseous|osseous resorption]], and [[Heterotopic ossification|heterotopic bone formation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Onycholysis]], [[Splinter hemorrhage|Splinter hemorrhages]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<ref name="pmid22933865">{{cite journal| author=Orchard TR| title=Management of arthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | journal=Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) | year= 2012 | volume= 8 | issue= 5 | pages= 327-9 | pmid=22933865 | doi= | pmc=3424429 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22933865  }}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<ref name="pmid22933865">{{cite journal| author=Orchard TR| title=Management of arthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | journal=Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) | year= 2012 | volume= 8 | issue= 5 | pages= 327-9 | pmid=22933865 | doi= | pmc=3424429 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22933865  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
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! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings and history
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings and history
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anterior uveitis|Acute anterior uveitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anterior uveitis|Acute anterior uveitis]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]'''<ref name="pmid24024009">{{cite journal| author=Heidari B| title=Rheumatoid Arthritis: Early diagnosis and treatment outcomes. | journal=Caspian J Intern Med | year= 2011 | volume= 2 | issue= 1 | pages= 161-70 | pmid=24024009 | doi= | pmc=3766928 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24024009  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid nodules]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[WBC]] count >2000/µL (generally 5000-50,000/µL), with [[neutrophil]] predominance (60-80%)
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anti-citrullinated protein antibody|Anti-CCP Ab]], [[Hyperuricemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Joint]]-space narrowing
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fractures|Microfractures]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovitis]] in [[MRI]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Influx of [[inflammatory cells]] into the [[synovial membrane]], with  [[angiogenesis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings coupled [[Anti-citrullinated protein antibody|anti-CCP antibody]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid nodules]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Crystal arthritis|Crystal-induced arthritis]]'''<ref name="pmid62879632">{{cite journal |vauthors=Reginato A, Paul H, Schumacher HR |title=Crystal-induced arthritis |journal=Arch Phys Med Rehabil |volume=63 |issue=9 |pages=401–8 |date=September 1982 |pmid=6287963 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Crystal arthritis|Crystal-induced arthritis]]'''<ref name="pmid62879632">{{cite journal |vauthors=Reginato A, Paul H, Schumacher HR |title=Crystal-induced arthritis |journal=Arch Phys Med Rehabil |volume=63 |issue=9 |pages=401–8 |date=September 1982 |pmid=6287963 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
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! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Conjunctival|Conjunctival nodules]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Conjunctival|Conjunctival nodules]]
|-
|-
! rowspan="7" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Systemic [[Rheumatic disease|rheumatic illnesses]]'''
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Other systemic illnesses'''
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<ref name="pmid16722594">{{cite journal| author=Manson JJ, Rahman A| title=Systemic lupus erythematosus. | journal=Orphanet J Rare Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 1 | issue=  | pages= 6 | pmid=16722594 | doi=10.1186/1750-1172-1-6 | pmc=1459118 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16722594  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Malar rash]], [[Photosensitivity]], [[Discoid lupus]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukopenia]], [[Lymphopenia]], [[Anemia]], [[Thrombocytopenia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count from < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]] effusions) to > 50% [[PMNs]] ([[inflammatory]] effusions)
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Creatine kinase]], [[Liver function tests|LFT]], [[ANA]], [[Anti-dsDNA antibody|Anti-dsDNA]], [[Anti-SM antibody|Anti-Sm]], [[Lupus anticoagulant]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Periarticular [[osteopenia]] and [[Soft tissue injury|soft-tissue swelling]] without [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Pneumonitis]], [[Pulmonary emboli]], [[Alveolar Cyst Disease|Alveolar hemorrhage]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Pericardial effusion]], [[Pulmonary hypertension]], [[Libman-Sacks endocarditis|Verrucous Libman-Sacks endocarditis]] in [[echocardiography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Inflammatory]] infiltrates at the dermoepidermal junction and vacuolar change in the basal [[Columnar epithelium|columnar cells]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anti-dsDNA antibody|Anti-dsDNA]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid arthritis]], [[Serositis]], [[Oral ulcers]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Systemic vasculitis]]<ref name="pmid27964796">{{cite journal |vauthors=Watts RA, Scott DG |title=Vasculitis and inflammatory arthritis |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol |volume=30 |issue=5 |pages=916–931 |date=October 2016 |pmid=27964796 |doi=10.1016/j.berh.2016.10.008 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Petechia]], [[Purpura]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[P-ANCA]], [[C-ANCA]][[ANA|, ANA]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Soft tissue pathology|Soft tissue swelling]] with mild [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Focal regions of [[infarction]] or [[hemorrhage]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Multiple [[Aneurysm|microaneurysms]],[[Hemorrhage]] due to focal [[rupture]], [[Occlusion]] in [[angiography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Acute destruction of the [[Tunica media|media]] by [[neutrophils]], with loss of [[elastic fibers]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Angiography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Peripheral neuropathy]], [[Livedo reticularis]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Systemic sclerosis]]<ref name="AvouacClements2012">{{cite journal|last1=Avouac|first1=J.|last2=Clements|first2=P. J.|last3=Khanna|first3=D.|last4=Furst|first4=D. E.|last5=Allanore|first5=Y.|title=Articular involvement in systemic sclerosis|journal=Rheumatology|volume=51|issue=8|year=2012|pages=1347–1356|issn=1462-0324|doi=10.1093/rheumatology/kes041}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |3 phases of (1) [[Edema|Edematous]], (2) [[Induration|Indurative]], and (3) [[Atrophic]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Thrombocytopenia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hypergammaglobulinemia]],
 
[[Creatine phosphokinase]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Juxta-[[articular]] [[osteoporosis]], Joint space narrowing, Frank [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial inflammation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial]] [[vascularity]] in [[doppler ultrasonography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Epidermal]] [[skin appendages]] [[atrophy]], Broad and hyalinized [[collagen]] fibers in the [[reticular dermis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Histopathology]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Raynaud phenomenon]], [[Tendon]] [[Friction rub|friction rubs]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Polymyositis]]/[[dermatomyositis]]<ref name="pmid12895397">{{cite journal |vauthors=Briemberg HR, Amato AA |title=Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis |journal=Curr Treat Options Neurol |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=349–356 |date=September 2003 |pmid=12895397 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Heliotropism|Heliotrope rash]], [[Dermatomyositis|Gottron papules]], [[Poikiloderma of civatte|Poikiloderma]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Predominantly [[mononuclear cells]] and large macrophage-like cells
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Anti–Mi-2 antibodies, Anti–Jo-1 antibodies, [[Creatine kinase]], [[ANA]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Marginal [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]] and periarticular [[calcification]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Vacuolar changes of the [[columnar epithelium]] and [[lymphocytic]] [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltrates]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Muscle biopsy]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Dysphagia]] 
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Still's disease]]<ref name="pmid25613167">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kadavath S, Efthimiou P |title=Adult-onset Still's disease-pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and new treatment options |journal=Ann. Med. |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=6–14 |date=February 2015 |pmid=25613167 |doi=10.3109/07853890.2014.971052 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[papules]] and [[nodules]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |High [[WBC]] count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of [[PMN|PMN leukocytes]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[ANA]], [[RF]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Soft tissue swelling,
 
[[Osteopenia]],
 
Joint-space narrowing
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial inflammation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Inflamed [[synovium]] in [[ultrasonography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Inflammatory]] [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]] in [[synovium]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings and [[synovial fluid]] analysis
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Ocular|Ocular involvement]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Behçet's disease|Behçet's syndrome]]<ref name="pmid20121672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sugawara S, Ehara S, Hitachi S, Sugimoto H |title=Hand and wrist arthritis of Behçet disease: imaging features |journal=Acta Radiol |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=183–6 |date=March 2010 |pmid=20121672 |doi=10.3109/02841850903401349 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Erythema nodosum]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Serum [[complement]] levels, [[Human leukocyte antigen]] (HLA)-B51
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Soft tissue swelling
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Non-erosive [[synovitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Dermal vessels infiltration with lymphocytes and plasma cells, [[Immune]] deposits of [[Immunoglobulin M|immunoglobulin M (IgM)]] and [[C3]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Oral ulcer]], [[Mucosal]] erosion
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Relapsing polychondritis]]<ref name="pmid27708954">{{cite journal| author=Emmungil H, Aydın SZ| title=Relapsing polychondritis. | journal=Eur J Rheumatol | year= 2015 | volume= 2 | issue= 4 | pages= 155-159 | pmid=27708954 | doi=10.5152/eurjrheum.2015.0036 | pmc=5047229 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27708954  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]], [[Anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Cryoglobulins]], [[ANA]], [[C-ANCA]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Tracheal stenosis]] in [[CXR]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Calcification]] of [[Cartilaginous|cartilaginous structures]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Aortic root|Aortic root dilatation]] and degree of [[aortic regurgitation]] in [[echocardiography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Chondrolysis, [[Chondritis]], Perichondritis
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings coupled with imaging
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Ear pain]] and redness, [[Polyarthritis]]
|-
! rowspan="4" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Other systemic illnesses'''
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Sarcoidosis]]<ref name="pmid18032765">{{cite journal |vauthors=Iannuzzi MC, Rybicki BA, Teirstein AS |title=Sarcoidosis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=357 |issue=21 |pages=2153–65 |date=November 2007 |pmid=18032765 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra071714 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[papules]] and [[nodules]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | [[IL-2]] and [[Interferon gamma|IFN-γ]], ↑[[Angiotensin-converting enzyme|ACE]], ↑[[Vitamin D|1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Bilateral [[Adenopathy|hilar adenopathy]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Active [[alveolitis]] or [[fibrosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hepatosplenomegaly]] in [[ultrasonography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Granuloma|Noncaseating granulomas (NCGs)]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Histopathology|Histological confirmation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Heart block]], [[Ocular disease|Ocular lesion]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Palindromic rheumatism]]<ref name="pmid21206416">{{cite journal |vauthors=Iyer VR, Cohen GL |title=Palindromic rheumatism |journal=South. Med. J. |volume=104 |issue=2 |pages=147–9 |date=February 2011 |pmid=21206416 |doi=10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318200c4cc |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid nodules]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |High [[WBC]] count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of [[PMN|PMN leukocytes]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[RF]], [[Anti-citrullinated protein antibody|Anti-CCP antibody]], ↑[[Creatinine|Cr]] or [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]],
 
↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]], [[ANA]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Joint (anatomy)|Effusions in joints]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fractures|Microfractures]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Basilar invagination with [[cranial]] migration of an eroded [[Odontoid process|odontoid]] peg in [[MRI]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Influx of [[inflammatory cells]] into the [[synovial membrane]], with[[angiogenesis]], proliferation of chronic [[inflammatory cells]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings coupled [[Anti-citrullinated protein antibody|anti-CCP antibody]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid nodules]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Familial mediterranean fever|Familial Mediterranean fever]]<ref name="pmid25610168">{{cite journal| author=Yildirim K, Uzkeser H, Uyanik A, Karatay S, Kiziltunc A| title=Trace element levels in patients with familial mediterranean Fever. | journal=Eurasian J Med | year= 2011 | volume= 43 | issue= 2 | pages= 79-82 | pmid=25610168 | doi=10.5152/eajm.2011.18 | pmc=4261345 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25610168  }}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Familial mediterranean fever|Familial Mediterranean fever]]<ref name="pmid25610168">{{cite journal| author=Yildirim K, Uzkeser H, Uyanik A, Karatay S, Kiziltunc A| title=Trace element levels in patients with familial mediterranean Fever. | journal=Eurasian J Med | year= 2011 | volume= 43 | issue= 2 | pages= 79-82 | pmid=25610168 | doi=10.5152/eajm.2011.18 | pmc=4261345 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25610168  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
Line 430: Line 190:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Abdominal pain]], [[Myalgia|Severe myalgia]], [[Scrotal swelling|Scrotal attacks]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Abdominal pain]], [[Myalgia|Severe myalgia]], [[Scrotal swelling|Scrotal attacks]]
|-
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hyperlipoproteinemia|Hyperlipoproteinemias]]<ref name="SoubrierDubost2009">{{cite journal|last1=Soubrier|first1=Martin|last2=Dubost|first2=Jean Jacques|last3=Thiéblot|first3=Philippe|last4=Ristori|first4=Jean Michel|title=Oligo-arthritis and type IV hyperlipoproteinemia|journal=Joint Bone Spine|volume=76|issue=1|year=2009|pages=95–97|issn=1297319X|doi=10.1016/j.jbspin.2008.03.009}}</ref>
! rowspan="3" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Polyarticular pain
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Xanthelasma]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Xanthochromic]] fluid with [[mononuclear cells]] predominance
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[CRP]], [[Hyperlipidemia (patient information)|Hyperlipidemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Joint space narrowing
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Achilles tendon]] [[enthesitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Retrocalcaneal bursitis]] and ill-defined [[edema]] in posterosuperior corner of the [[calcaneus]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Inflammatory]] infiltration
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Laboratory findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Atherosclerosis]]
|-
! rowspan="9" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Polyarticular pain
! rowspan="3" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Viral arthritis
! rowspan="3" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Viral arthritis
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Hepatitis B]] and [[Hepatitis C|C]]'''<ref name="GanemPrince2004">{{cite journal|last1=Ganem|first1=Don|last2=Prince|first2=Alfred M.|title=Hepatitis B Virus Infection — Natural History and Clinical Consequences|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=350|issue=11|year=2004|pages=1118–1129|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra031087}}</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Hepatitis B]] and [[Hepatitis C|C]]'''<ref name="GanemPrince2004">{{cite journal|last1=Ganem|first1=Don|last2=Prince|first2=Alfred M.|title=Hepatitis B Virus Infection — Natural History and Clinical Consequences|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=350|issue=11|year=2004|pages=1118–1129|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra031087}}</ref>
Line 509: Line 250:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Parvovirus|Parvovirus IgM antibody]]  
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Parvovirus|Parvovirus IgM antibody]]  
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Transient [[aplastic crisis]], [[Fetal]] [[infection]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Transient [[aplastic crisis]], [[Fetal]] [[infection]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Fibromyalgia]]<ref name="pmid23213512">{{cite journal| author=Bellato E, Marini E, Castoldi F, Barbasetti N, Mattei L, Bonasia DE et al.| title=Fibromyalgia syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. | journal=Pain Res Treat | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue=  | pages= 426130 | pmid=23213512 | doi=10.1155/2012/426130 | pmc=3503476 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23213512  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Maculopapular rash]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[inflammation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Muscle pain]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Soft tissue abnormalities
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Maculopapular rash]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[CRP]], [[Ca]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Joint swelling
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial]] [[edema]] and thickness
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild joint effusion in [[ultrasonography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[inflammation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Mucositis]], [[Enthesitis]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hypothyroidism]]<ref name="pmid7740308">{{cite journal |vauthors=McLean RM, Podell DN |title=Bone and joint manifestations of hypothyroidism |journal=Semin. Arthritis Rheum. |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=282–90 |date=February 1995 |pmid=7740308 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Dry and coarse [[skin]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clear yellow fluid with normal cell counts
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[TSH]], [[T4]], [[T3]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Peri-[[articular]] demineralization
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Destructive changes in the [[cartilage]] and [[bone]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |High-signal fluid in the [[joint]] space in [[MRI]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Growth plate|Physeal growth plate]] with little evidence of [[cartilage]] cellular proliferation
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[TSH]], [[T4]], [[T3]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Decreased [[Deep tendon reflex|DTR]], [[Fatigue]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Neuropathic pain]]<ref name="pmid23592730">{{cite journal |vauthors=Magrinelli F, Zanette G, Tamburin S |title=Neuropathic pain: diagnosis and treatment |journal=Pract Neurol |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=292–307 |date=October 2013 |pmid=23592730 |doi=10.1136/practneurol-2013-000536 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Livedo reticularis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hyperglycemia]], [[Hypokalemia]], [[Hypocalcemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Neurologic]] examination
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Paresthesia]], [[Dysesthesia]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Metabolic bone disease<ref name="pmid17002489">{{cite journal |vauthors=Skowrońska-Jóźwiak E, Lorenc RS |title=Metabolic bone disease in children : etiology and treatment options |journal=Treat Endocrinol |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=297–318 |date=2006 |pmid=17002489 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hyperpigmentation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Vitamin D]], [[PTH]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Peri-[[articular]] demineralization
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fracture|Microfractures]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Subperiosteal|Subperiosteal reaction]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Decrease [[mineralization]] of [[bone matrix]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Laboratory findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Bone pain]], [[Constipation]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Depression]]<ref name="pmid16001092">{{cite journal| author=Trivedi MH| title=The link between depression and physical symptoms. | journal=Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry | year= 2004 | volume= 6 | issue= Suppl 1 | pages= 12-6 | pmid=16001092 | doi= | pmc=486942 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16001092  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Psychological analysis|Psychological interview]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Psychomotor retardation|Slow psychomotor]], [[Muscle pain]]
|-
|-
|}
|}
</small>
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 14:15, 3 May 2018


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]

Diseases Clinical manifestations Para-clinical findings Gold standard Additional findings
Symptoms Physical examination
Lab Findings Imaging Histopathology
Joint Swelling Fever Weight loss Claudication Morning stiffness Local erythema Skin manifestation CBC ESR Synovial fluid Other X-ray CT scan Other
Polyarthritis Infectious arthritis Lyme disease[1] + + +/- +/- - - Erythema migrans Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia - Cell counts 500-98,000/µL Microscopic hematuria, Proteinuria, ↑ALT or AST - - - Fibrosis of the deeper dermis and hyalinization of collagen bundles Serologic tests Erythema migrans
Bacterial endocarditis[2] + + + - - +/- Janeway lesions, Osler nodes, Roth spots Normochromic-normocytic anemia ↑ ↑WBC, S. aureus in culture Hyperglobulinemia, Cryoglobulinemia Joint erosion and effusion - - Vegetation or intracardiac abscess demonstrating active endocarditis Echocardiography (TTE) Vertebral osteomyelitis
Postinfectious (reactive) arthritis Rheumatic fever[3] + + - - - +/- Erythema marginatum rheumaticum Leukocytosis ↑ Sterile inflammatory reaction with cells<20,000/μL Streptococcal antibody titer Cardiomegaly Valvular or pericardial calcification Echocardiographic changes in heart valves Edema, Fibrinoid necrosis, Mononuclear cell infiltrate Echocardiography Chorea, Carditis 
Reactive arthritis[4] +/- +/- - - - - Genital ulceration Normocytic normochromic anemia ↑  High WBC count (10,000-40,000/µL)  HLA-B27 test  Periosteal reaction and proliferation of tendon insertion site Sacroiliitis Enthesitis in ultrasonography Keratoderma blennorrhagicum, Balanitis circinata   Spondyloarthritis and unequivocal demonstration of preceding infection Conjunctivitis, Uveitis
Enteric infection[5] - + - - - - Keratoderma and psoriaform lesions, Erythema nodosum Neutrophilia ↑ PCR of causative organism Stool exam and culture - - - Neutrophilic infiltration in synovial tissues PCR of causative organism in synovial fluid Diarrhea, Enthesopathy
Other seronegative spondyloarthritides Inflammatory bowel disease[6] + + - - + +/- Pyoderma gangrenosum (ulcerative colitis), Erythema nodosum (Crohn disease) Iron deficiency anemia, Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis ↑ Mild to moderate inflammatory fluid, PMN predominance ↑RF, Antiendomysial Ab, Antitransglutaminase Ab Bilateral sacroiliitis, Syndesmophytes and apophyseal joint involvement in spine - Early detection of spinal and sacroiliac lesions in MRI - Clinical findings and history Acute anterior uveitis
Crystal-induced arthritis[7] + +/- - - - + Joint erythema Leukocytosis ↑ Needle shaped urate crystals, WBC count > 2000/µL Urinary uric acid (>1100 mg in 24h) Punched-out erosions or lytic areas with overhanging edges  Complementary for recognizing erosions Tophi or edema in MRI Large pale pink acellular areas (urate crystals), surrounded by histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells Synovial fluid assay Conjunctival nodules
Other systemic illnesses Familial Mediterranean fever[8] - + - - - - A well-demarcated, erythematous, warm rash, particularly below the knee Leukocytosis ↑ Cell counts as high as 100,000/µL CRP, Amyloid A protein, Fibrinogen Synovial effusions Pleural effusions Air-fluid levels in MRI Massive amyloid infiltration of the blood vessels and endothelial side of the glomerular basement membrane Clinical findings Abdominal pain, Severe myalgia, Scrotal attacks
Polyarticular pain Viral arthritis Hepatitis B and C[9] - + + - - - Urticarial and maculopapular eruptions  Leukocytosis ↑ Cell counts < 100,000/µL LFT, HBsAg Joint space narrowing - - Deposition of immune complexes, Cryoprecipitates containing HBsAg and complements HBsAg Liver failure, Icterus
Rubella[10] - + +/- - - - Acute maculopapular rash Leukocytosis ↑ Rubella virus antigen LFT, CRP Joint space narrowing - - proliferation of the synovial lining cells, without inflammatory

cells

Serological evidence Headache, Malaise
Parvovirus[11] + + +/- - - - Fifth disease/ Erythema infectiosum Aplastic crisis ↑ Normal ANA, RF, CRP Joint swelling - - Immune complex deposition Parvovirus IgM antibody Transient aplastic crisis, Fetal infection

References

  1. ↑ Lantos PM (2015). "Chronic Lyme disease". Infect Dis Clin North Am. 29 (2): 325–40. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2015.02.006. PMC 4477530. PMID 25999227.
  2. ↑ Soor P, Sharma N, Rao C (2017). "Multifocal Septic Arthritis Secondary to Infective Endocarditis: A Rare Case Report". J Orthop Case Rep. 7 (1): 65–68. doi:10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.692. PMC 5458702. PMID 28630844.
  3. ↑ Kumar RK, Tandon R (2013). "Rheumatic fever & rheumatic heart disease: the last 50 years". Indian J Med Res. 137 (4): 643–58. PMC 3724245. PMID 23703332.
  4. ↑ Colmegna I, Cuchacovich R, Espinoza LR (2004). "HLA-B27-associated reactive arthritis: pathogenetic and clinical considerations". Clin Microbiol Rev. 17 (2): 348–69. PMC 387405. PMID 15084505.
  5. ↑ Hill Gaston, J (2003). "Arthritis associated with enteric infection". Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology. 17 (2): 219–239. doi:10.1016/S1521-6942(02)00104-3. ISSN 1521-6942.
  6. ↑ Orchard TR (2012). "Management of arthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease". Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 8 (5): 327–9. PMC 3424429. PMID 22933865.
  7. ↑ Reginato A, Paul H, Schumacher HR (September 1982). "Crystal-induced arthritis". Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 63 (9): 401–8. PMID 6287963.
  8. ↑ Yildirim K, Uzkeser H, Uyanik A, Karatay S, Kiziltunc A (2011). "Trace element levels in patients with familial mediterranean Fever". Eurasian J Med. 43 (2): 79–82. doi:10.5152/eajm.2011.18. PMC 4261345. PMID 25610168.
  9. ↑ Ganem, Don; Prince, Alfred M. (2004). "Hepatitis B Virus Infection — Natural History and Clinical Consequences". New England Journal of Medicine. 350 (11): 1118–1129. doi:10.1056/NEJMra031087. ISSN 0028-4793.
  10. ↑ Spruance SL, Metcalf R, Smith CB, Griffiths MM, Ward JR (March 1977). "Chronic arthropathy associated with rubella vaccination". Arthritis Rheum. 20 (2): 741–7. PMID 849368.
  11. ↑ Moore TL (July 2000). "Parvovirus-associated arthritis". Curr Opin Rheumatol. 12 (4): 289–94. PMID 10910181.
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