Hypernatremia differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aida Javanbakht, M.D.

Overview

Hypernatremia must be differentiated from other diseases that cause


Differentiating Hypernatremia from other Diseases

Disease Clinical manifestations Paraclinical Findings
Symptoms and Signs Lab Findings
Confusion/ Irritable Urine output Vomiting/ Diarrhea Volume status Seizure Blood pressure Dry mucous membranes Other
Urine Osm Serum Na Other
Central diabetes insipidus + Polyuria - Hypovolemic + Could be high + - <250 mOsm/kg May be >170 mEq/L Low arginin vasopressin level
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic + Polyuria - Hypovolemic + Could be low + Abdominal pain Could be normal May be >145 mEq/L Elevated serum glucose level and creatinine
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus + Polyuria - Hypovolemic + Could be low + History of taking Gentamicin, Lithium, Rifampin <250 mOsm/kg May be >170 mEq/L <nowiki>Desmopressin stimulation test: Not significant change in urine osmolality}

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