Hypernatremia history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Jack Khouri

Overview

The symptoms of hypernatremia are subtle and include weakness or lethargy. With more severe elevations of the sodium level, seizures and coma may occur.

History

A detailed history is important for the diagnosis of the etiology of hypernatremia.

Patients having hypernatremia may have a positive history of

diabetes insipidus
hyperaldosteronism
Cushing's disease
Neurological disorder such as dementia or impaired motor function
Seizure disorder
Malabsorption
Ingestion of excess sodium salts.

Hypernatremic patients can also have a recent history of the following diseases:

diarrhea

Drug history:

Patients on the following drugs can also have high sodium levels:

Diuretics
Lactulose

Symptoms

Symptoms of hypernatremia are mainly neuromuscular and are as follows:^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

lethargy
Weakness
Irritability
edema.
seizures
coma

References

↑ Hardy RM (March 1989). "Hypernatremia". Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 19 (2): 231–40. PMID 2648664.
↑ Kasai CM, King R (April 2009). "Hypernatremia". Compend Contin Educ Vet. 31 (4): E1–6, quiz E7. PMID 19517406.
↑ Guillaumin J, DiBartola SP (March 2017). "A Quick Reference on Hypernatremia". Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 47 (2): 209–212. doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.10.002. PMID 28164834.
↑ Marks SL, Taboada J (May 1998). "Hypernatremia and hypertonic syndromes". Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 28 (3): 533–43. PMID 9597713.
↑ Manning AM (November 2001). "Electrolyte disorders". Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 31 (6): 1289–321, vii–viii. PMID 11727338.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid2648664-1] Hardy RM (March 1989). "Hypernatremia". Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 19 (2): 231–40. PMID 2648664.

[pmid19517406-2] Kasai CM, King R (April 2009). "Hypernatremia". Compend Contin Educ Vet. 31 (4): E1–6, quiz E7. PMID 19517406.

[pmid28164834-3] Guillaumin J, DiBartola SP (March 2017). "A Quick Reference on Hypernatremia". Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 47 (2): 209–212. doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.10.002. PMID 28164834.

[pmid9597713-4] Marks SL, Taboada J (May 1998). "Hypernatremia and hypertonic syndromes". Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 28 (3): 533–43. PMID 9597713.

[pmid11727338-5] Manning AM (November 2001). "Electrolyte disorders". Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 31 (6): 1289–321, vii–viii. PMID 11727338.

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