Dermatofibroma differential diagnosis

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Homa Najafi, M.D.[2]

Overview

Dermatofibroma must be differentiated from other common causes of skin lesions, such as basal cell carcinoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and Kaposi sarcoma.

Differentiating dermatofibroma from other Diseases

Dermatofibroma must be differentiated from other common causes of skin lesions, such as basal cell carcinoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and Kaposi sarcoma.


Diseases Skin examination Diagnosis Additional findings
Type Color Texture Size Distribution Dermoscopic Findings Histopathology
Dermatofibroma[1][2]
  • Firm
dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans[3][4]
  • Firm
Kaposi sarcoma[5][6]
  • Red/violaceous
  • Smooth
  • Rainbow pattern
  • scaly surface
  • Small brown globules
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma[7] SCC in situ (Bowen's disease)
  • Scaly
  • Variable
  • Fair-skinned individuals: sun-exposed areas
Invasive squamous cell carcinoma
  • Skin colored
  • 0.5 to 1.5 cm
  • Fair-skinned individuals: sun-exposed areas
  • In black individuals: legs, anus, and areas of chronic inflammation
Keratoacanthoma[8]
  • 1 to 2.5 cm
Merkel cell carcinoma[9]
  • Shiny
  • Flesh-colored or bluish-red
  • Firm
  • Sun-exposed areas
  • Older individuals with light skin tones
  • Rapidly growing
Basal cell carcinoma[10] Nodular basal cell carcinoma
  • Flesh-colored
  • Variable
  • Focused, bright red, and branching arborizing vessels
  • Loosely arranged blue-gray dots
Superficial basal cell carcinoma
  • Scaly
  • 1 to > 10 cm
  • Sun-exposed areas
  • Head (cheek and nose)
  • Trunk
  • Large, hyperchromatic, oval nuclei
  • Minimal cytoplasm
  • Small basaloid nodules
Sclerosing basal cell carcinoma (morpheaform)[11]
  • Variable
  • Sun-exposed areas
Prurigo nodules[12][13]
  • Firm
  • Variable
Melanoma[14] Melanoma in situ (Lentigo Maligna)[15]
  • Variable (from light to dark brown, black, pink, red, or white)
  • Smooth
  • Around 1 cm
  • Asymmetric, pigmented follicular openings
  • Gray angulated lines
  • Gray areas, dots, and globules
  • Circle within a circle
Lentigo maligna melanoma[16]
  • Brown/tan
  • Variable
  • Asymmetric, pigmented follicular openings
  • Gray angulated lines
  • Gray areas, dots, and globules
  • Circle within a circle
  • Usually in older individuals
Superficial spreading melanoma[17]
  • Variably pigmented (red, blue, black, gray, and white)
  • Thin
  • 1 mm to > 1 cm
  • Asymmetry of shape
  • > 2 colors
  • Asymmetry of structures
Nodular melanoma[18][19]
  • Dark color
  • 6mm to > 1 cm
  • Two-thirds arise in normal skin, the rest in existing moles
  • Rapidly enlarging
Acral lentiginous melanoma[20]
  • Dark brown to black
  • Variable
  • Most common among dark skinned individuals
Amelanotic melanoma[21]
  • Around 6 mm
Common nevus[22][23]
  • 1 cm to > 20 cm
  • Also called Miescher nevus
Blue nevus[24]
  • Blue
  • Smooth
  • Variable
  • Structureless blue pigmentation
  • Structureless blue and white or blue and brown on some occasions
Spitz nevus[25][26] Nonpigmented Spitz nevus
  • Pink
  • Smooth
  • < 1 cm
Reed-like Spitz[27]
  • Smooth
  • < 1 cm
Solar lentigo[28]
  • Multiple spots
  • Brown
  • Smooth
  • Around 5mm
  • Associated with UV exposure and skin aging
Sebaceous hyperplasia[29]
  • Skin-colored to brownish
  • 2 - 6 mm
  • Structureless yellow to whitish center surrounded by short linear "crown vessels"
  • Usually in middle-aged or older patients
Lichen planus-like keratosis[30]
  • Gray to brown
  • Prominent
  • Variable
  • Appearance depends on stage of evolution

References

  1. Lee, MiWoo; Lee, WooJin; Jung, JoonMin; Won, ChongHyun; Chang, SungEun; Choi, JeeHo; Moon, KeeChan (2015). "Clinical and histological patterns of dermatofibroma without gross skin surface change: A comparative study with conventional dermatofibroma". Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology. 81 (3): 263. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.154795. ISSN 0378-6323.
  2. Mentzel, Thomas; Wiesner, Thomas; Cerroni, Lorenzo; Hantschke, Markus; Kutzner, Heinz; Rütten, Arno; Häberle, Michael; Bisceglia, Michele; Chibon, Frederic; Coindre, Jean-Michel (2012). "Malignant dermatofibroma: clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis of seven cases". Modern Pathology. 26 (2): 256–267. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2012.157. ISSN 0893-3952.
  3. Bernard, J.; Poulalhon, N.; Argenziano, G.; Debarbieux, S.; Dalle, S.; Thomas, L. (2013). "Dermoscopy of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: a study of 15 cases". British Journal of Dermatology. 169 (1): 85–90. doi:10.1111/bjd.12318. ISSN 0007-0963.
  4. Acosta, Alvaro E.; Vélez, Catalina Santa (2017). "Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans". Current Treatment Options in Oncology. 18 (9). doi:10.1007/s11864-017-0498-5. ISSN 1527-2729.
  5. Cesarman, Ethel; Damania, Blossom; Krown, Susan E.; Martin, Jeffrey; Bower, Mark; Whitby, Denise (2019). "Kaposi sarcoma". Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 5 (1). doi:10.1038/s41572-019-0060-9. ISSN 2056-676X.
  6. Hu, S C-S; Ke, C-L K; Lee, C-H; Wu, C-S; Chen, G-S; Cheng, S-T (2009). "Dermoscopy of Kaposi's sarcoma: Areas exhibiting the multicoloured 'rainbow pattern'". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 23 (10): 1128–1132. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03239.x. ISSN 0926-9959.
  7. Petter G, Haustein UF (2000). "Histologic subtyping and malignancy assessment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma". Dermatol Surg. 26 (6): 521–30. PMID 10848931.
  8. Kwiek B, Schwartz RA (2016). "Keratoacanthoma (KA): An update and review". J Am Acad Dermatol. 74 (6): 1220–33. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.11.033. PMID 26853179.
  9. Albores-Saavedra J, Batich K, Chable-Montero F, Sagy N, Schwartz AM, Henson DE (2010). "Merkel cell carcinoma demographics, morphology, and survival based on 3870 cases: a population based study". J Cutan Pathol. 37 (1): 20–7. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01370.x. PMID 19638070.
  10. Wolberink EA, Pasch MC, Zeiler M, van Erp PE, Gerritsen MJ (2013). "High discordance between punch biopsy and excision in establishing basal cell carcinoma subtype: analysis of 500 cases". J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 27 (8): 985–9. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04628.x. PMID 22759209.
  11. Wrone DA, Swetter SM, Egbert BM, Smoller BR, Khavari PA (1996). "Increased proportion of aggressive-growth basal cell carcinoma in the Veterans Affairs population of Palo Alto, California". J Am Acad Dermatol. 35 (6): 907–10. PMID 8959949.
  12. Errichetti E, Piccirillo A, Stinco G (2015). "Dermoscopy of prurigo nodularis". J Dermatol. 42 (6): 632–4. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.12844. PMID 25808786.
  13. Weigelt N, Metze D, Ständer S (2010). "Prurigo nodularis: systematic analysis of 58 histological criteria in 136 patients". J Cutan Pathol. 37 (5): 578–86. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01484.x. PMID 20002240.
  14. Witt C, Krengel S (2010). "Clinical and epidemiological aspects of subtypes of melanocytic nevi (Flat nevi, Miescher nevi, Unna nevi)". Dermatol Online J. 16 (1): 1. PMID 20137743.
  15. Connolly KL, Giordano C, Dusza S, Busam KJ, Nehal K (2019). "Follicular involvement is frequent in lentigo maligna: Implications for treatment". J Am Acad Dermatol. 80 (2): 532–537. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.07.071. PMC 6333487. PMID 30266559.
  16. Connolly KL, Giordano C, Dusza S, Busam KJ, Nehal K (2019). "Follicular involvement is frequent in lentigo maligna: Implications for treatment". J Am Acad Dermatol. 80 (2): 532–537. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.07.071. PMC 6333487. PMID 30266559.
  17. Argenziano G, Ferrara G, Francione S, Di Nola K, Martino A, Zalaudek I (2009). "Dermoscopy--the ultimate tool for melanoma diagnosis". Semin Cutan Med Surg. 28 (3): 142–8. doi:10.1016/j.sder.2009.06.001. PMID 19782937.
  18. Argenziano G, Soyer HP, Chimenti S, Talamini R, Corona R, Sera F; et al. (2003). "Dermoscopy of pigmented skin lesions: results of a consensus meeting via the Internet". J Am Acad Dermatol. 48 (5): 679–93. doi:10.1067/mjd.2003.281. PMID 12734496.
  19. Menzies, Scott W.; Moloney, Fergal J.; Byth, Karen; Avramidis, Michelle; Argenziano, Giuseppe; Zalaudek, Iris; Braun, Ralph P.; Malvehy, Josep; Puig, Susana; Rabinovitz, Harold S.; Oliviero, Margaret; Cabo, Horacio; Bono, Riccardo; Pizzichetta, Maria A.; Claeson, Magdalena; Gaffney, Daniel C.; Soyer, H. Peter; Stanganelli, Ignazio; Scolyer, Richard A.; Guitera, Pascale; Kelly, John; McCurdy, Olivia; Llambrich, Alex; Marghoob, Ashfaq A.; Zaballos, Pedro; Kirchesch, Herbert M.; Piccolo, Domenico; Bowling, Jonathan; Thomas, Luc; Terstappen, Karin; Tanaka, Masaru; Pellacani, Giovanni; Pagnanelli, Gianluca; Ghigliotti, Giovanni; Ortega, Blanca Carlos; Crafter, Greg; Ortiz, Ana María Perusquía; Tromme, Isabelle; Karaarslan, Isil Kilinc; Ozdemir, Fezal; Tam, Anthony; Landi, Christian; Norton, Peter; Kaçar, Nida; Rudnicka, Lidia; Slowinska, Monika; Simionescu, Olga; Di Stefani, Alessandro; Coates, Elliot; Kreusch, Juergen (2013). "Dermoscopic Evaluation of Nodular Melanoma". JAMA Dermatology. 149 (6): 699. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.2466. ISSN 2168-6068.
  20. Phan A, Dalle S, Touzet S, Ronger-Savlé S, Balme B, Thomas L (2010). "Dermoscopic features of acral lentiginous melanoma in a large series of 110 cases in a white population". Br J Dermatol. 162 (4): 765–71. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09594.x. PMID 19922528.
  21. Steglich RB, Meotti CD, Ferreira MS, Lovatto L, de Carvalho AV, de Castro CG (2012). "Dermoscopic clues in the diagnosis of amelanotic and hypomelanotic malignant melanoma". An Bras Dermatol. 87 (6): 920–3. PMC 3699915. PMID 23197217.
  22. Witt C, Krengel S (2010). "Clinical and epidemiological aspects of subtypes of melanocytic nevi (Flat nevi, Miescher nevi, Unna nevi)". Dermatol Online J. 16 (1): 1. PMID 20137743.
  23. Bauer J, Garbe C (2003). "Acquired melanocytic nevi as risk factor for melanoma development. A comprehensive review of epidemiological data". Pigment Cell Res. 16 (3): 297–306. PMID 12753404.
  24. Granter SR, McKee PH, Calonje E, Mihm MC, Busam K (2001). "Melanoma associated with blue nevus and melanoma mimicking cellular blue nevus: a clinicopathologic study of 10 cases on the spectrum of so-called 'malignant blue nevus'". Am J Surg Pathol. 25 (3): 316–23. PMID 11224601.
  25. Luo S, Sepehr A, Tsao H (2011). "Spitz nevi and other Spitzoid lesions part I. Background and diagnoses". J Am Acad Dermatol. 65 (6): 1073–84. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2011.04.040. PMC 3217183. PMID 22082838.
  26. Argenziano G, Agozzino M, Bonifazi E, Broganelli P, Brunetti B, Ferrara G; et al. (2011). "Natural evolution of Spitz nevi". Dermatology. 222 (3): 256–60. doi:10.1159/000326109. PMID 21494025.
  27. Pedrosa AF, Lopes JM, Azevedo F, Mota A (2016). "Spitz/Reed nevi: a review of clinical-dermatoscopic and histological correlation". Dermatol Pract Concept. 6 (2): 37–41. doi:10.5826/dpc.0602a07. PMC 4866625. PMID 27222770.
  28. Tanaka M, Sawada M, Kobayashi K (2011). "Key points in dermoscopic differentiation between lentigo maligna and solar lentigo". J Dermatol. 38 (1): 53–8. doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.01132.x. PMID 21175756.
  29. Sato T, Tanaka M (2014). "Linear sebaceous hyperplasia on the chest". Dermatol Pract Concept. 4 (1): 93–5. doi:10.5826/dpc.0401a16. PMC 3919849. PMID 24520522.
  30. Morgan MB, Stevens GL, Switlyk S (2005). "Benign lichenoid keratosis: a clinical and pathologic reappraisal of 1040 cases". Am J Dermatopathol. 27 (5): 387–92. PMID 16148406.

References