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{{Tetralogy of fallot}}
{{Tetralogy of fallot}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' {{Fs}}, [[Priyamvada Singh| Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com], [[User:KeriShafer|Keri Shafer, M.D.]] [mailto:kshafer@bidmc.harvard.edu]; '''Assistant Editor-In-Chief:''' [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [mailto:kfeeney@elon.edu]
==Overview==
Common causes of tetralogy of Fallot may include: [[Alcoholism]] in the mother, [[diabetes]], [[pregnancy]] after the age of 40, [[rubella]] or other [[viral]] illnesses during [[pregnancy]], [[phenylketonuria]] ([[PKU]]) in the mother, [[fetal hydantoin syndrome]], and [[Fetus|fetal]] [[carbamazepine]] [[syndrome]].
==Causes==
=== Common Causes ===
Common causes of tetralogy of Fallot may include:


{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh| Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh@perfuse.org], [[User:KeriShafer|Keri Shafer, M.D.]] [mailto:kshafer@bidmc.harvard.edu]; '''Assistant Editor-In-Chief:''' [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [mailto:kfeeney@perfuse.org]
*[[Alcoholism]] in the mother
==Overview==
*[[Diabetes]]
Both environmental and genetic factors appear to be involved in the development of Tetralogy of Fallot.
*[[Pregnancy]] after the age of 40
*[[Rubella]] or other [[viral]] illnesses during pregnancy
*[[Phenylketonuria]] ([[PKU]]) in the mother
*[[Fetal hydantoin syndrome]]
* Fetal carbamazepine syndrome


==Embrylogy==
=== Less Common Causes ===
Embryologic studies show that Tetralogy of Fallot is a result of anterior malalignment of the conal septum, resulting in the clinical combination of a [[ventricular septal defect]] ([[VSD]]), [[pulmonary stenosis]], and an [[overriding aorta]]. [[Right ventricular hypertrophy]] is secondary to this combination of abnormalities, which causes resistance to blood flow from the right ventricle.
Less common causes of tetralogy of Fallot may include:


==Potential Environmental Causes or Influences==
* [[Clomifene]]
Factors that increase the risk for this condition during pregnancy include:
* [[Alcoholism]] in the mother
* [[Diabetes]]
* Pregnancy after the age of 40
* Poor nutrition during pregnancy
* Poor nutrition during pregnancy
* [[Rubella]] or other viral illnesses during pregnancy
* [[Phenylketonuria]] ([[PKU]]) in the mother
* [[Fetal hydantoin syndrome]]
* [[Fetal carbamazepine syndrome]]


==Genetic Causes==
=== Genetic Causes ===
* There is a high incidence of chromosomal disorders in children with Tetralogy of Fallot
Genetic causes of tetralogy of Fallot may include:
 
* There is a high [[incidence]] of [[chromosomal disorder]]s in children with tetralogy of Fallot.<ref>Marinho C, Alho I, Guerra A, Rego C, Areias J, Bicho M. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene variant (C677T) as a susceptibility gene for tetralogy of Fallot. Rev Port Cardiol. Jul-Aug 2009;28(7-8):809-12.</ref><ref>Lee CN, Su YN, Cheng WF, Lin MT, Wang JK, Wu MH, et al. Association of the C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation with congenital heart diseases. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. Dec 2005;84(12):1134-40.</ref>
* Tetralogy of Fallot is associated with:
* Tetralogy of Fallot is associated with:
:*[[Down syndrome]]
:*[[Down syndrome]]
:*[[diGeorge syndrome]] (a [[22q11.2 deletion]], a condition associated with heart defects, [[hypocalcemia]], and [[immune deficiency]])
:*[[DiGeorge syndrome]] (a 22q11.2 deletion, a condition associated with heart defects, [[hypocalcemia]], and [[immune deficiency]]) A gene polymorphism at the [[methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase]] ([[MTHFR]]) region has been associated with tetralogy of Fallot.
*A gene polymorphism at the [[methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase]] ([[MTHFR]]) region has been associated with tetralogy of Fallot <ref>Marinho C, Alho I, Guerra A, Rego C, Areias J, Bicho M. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene variant (C677T) as a susceptibility gene for tetralogy of Fallot. Rev Port Cardiol. Jul-Aug 2009;28(7-8):809-12.</ref><ref>Lee CN, Su YN, Cheng WF, Lin MT, Wang JK, Wu MH, et al. Association of the C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation with congenital heart diseases. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. Dec 2005;84(12):1134-40.</ref>
 
==See also==
* [[Trilogy of Fallot]]
* [[Pentalogy of Fallot]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
 
==External links==
* [http://www.achaheart.org/resource/icon_cheartdefects_tdf.php Information for adults with ToF] from the Adult Congenital Heart Association
 
{{Congenital malformations and deformations of circulatory system}}
{{Electrocardiography}}
 
[[de:Fallot-Tetralogie]]
[[fr:Tétralogie de Fallot]]
[[it:Tetralogia di Fallot]]
[[nl:Tetralogie van Fallot]]
[[nn:Fallots tetrade]]
[[ja:ファロー四徴症]]
[[pl:Tetralogia Fallota]]
[[ru:Тетрада Фалло]]
[[uk:Тетрада Фалло]]
[[zh:法乐氏四联症]]


[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Congenital heart disease]]
[[Category:Congenital heart disease]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Needs causes]]


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Latest revision as of 01:43, 23 February 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D., Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2], Keri Shafer, M.D. [3]; Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [4]

Overview

Common causes of tetralogy of Fallot may include: Alcoholism in the mother, diabetes, pregnancy after the age of 40, rubella or other viral illnesses during pregnancy, phenylketonuria (PKU) in the mother, fetal hydantoin syndrome, and fetal carbamazepine syndrome.

Causes

Common Causes

Common causes of tetralogy of Fallot may include:

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of tetralogy of Fallot may include:

Genetic Causes

Genetic causes of tetralogy of Fallot may include:

References

  1. Marinho C, Alho I, Guerra A, Rego C, Areias J, Bicho M. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene variant (C677T) as a susceptibility gene for tetralogy of Fallot. Rev Port Cardiol. Jul-Aug 2009;28(7-8):809-12.
  2. Lee CN, Su YN, Cheng WF, Lin MT, Wang JK, Wu MH, et al. Association of the C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation with congenital heart diseases. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. Dec 2005;84(12):1134-40.


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