Primary sclerosing cholangitis differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 17:36, 8 February 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]

Overview

Primary sclerosing cholangitis must be differentiated from causes of secondary sclerosing cholangitis.

Differentiating Primary sclerosing cholangitis from other Diseases

Primary sclerosing cholangitis must be differentiated from causes of secondary sclerosing cholangitis. These include:^[1]^[2]

Abdominal trauma
AIDS-related cholangiopathy
Amyloidosis
Chronic bacterial cholangitis
GVHD
Hepatic inflammatory pseudo tumor
Histiocytosis X
Iatrogenic biliary strictures, due to surgery or ERCP
IgG4-associated cholangitis
Infectious or ischemic cholangiopathy
Cholangiocarcinoma
Choledocholithiasis
Diffuse intra-hepatic metastases
Eosinophilic cholangitis
Intra-arterial chemotherapy
Mast cell cholangiopathy
Portal hypertensive biliopathy
Recurrent pancreatitis
Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis
Sarcoidosis

Primary sclerosing cholangitis must be differentiated from other causes of jaundice:

Classification of jaundice based on etiology		Disease	History and clinical manifestations				Diagnosis
			History and clinical manifestations				Lab Findings						Other blood tests	Other diagnostic
			Family history	Fever	RUQ Pain	Pruritis	AST	ALT	ALK	BLR Indirect	BLR Direct	Viral serology	Other blood tests	Other diagnostic
Jaundice	Hepatocellular Jaundice	Hemochromatosis	+	-	-/+	-	↑	↑	↑/N	↑/N	N	-	Ferritin ↑	Liver biopsy
		Wilson's disease	+	-	-/+	-	↑	↑	N	↑/N	N	-	Serum cerulloplasmin ↑	Liver biopsy
		Viral hepatitis	-	-/+	-	-	↑	↑	N	↑/N	N	+	Specific viral antibody for each type	-
		Alcoholic hepatitis	-	-/+	-/+	-	↑↑	↑	N	↑/N	N	-	-	-
		Drug induced hepatitis	-	-/+	-	-	↑	↑	N	↑/N	N	-	-	-
		Autoimmune hepatitis	-/+	-	-	-/+	↑	↑	N	↑/N	N	-	Anti-LKM antibody	Liver biopsy
		Cirrhosis	-/+	-/+	-/+	-	↑	↑	↑/N	↑/N	↑/N	-/+	Low platate	Small liver on ultrasond
	Cholestatic Jaundice	Common bile duct stone	-/+	-	+	+	N	N	↑	N	↑	-	Dilated ducts on sono	CT/ERCP
		Hepatitis A cholestatic type	-	-/+	+	+	N	N	↑	N	↑	+	HAV- AB	Abdominal ultrasound
		EBV / CMV hepatitis	-	-/+	+	+	N	N	↑	N	↑	+	Positive serology
		Primary biliary cirrhosis	-/+	-	-/+	+	N/↑	N/↑	↑	N	↑	-	AMA positive	Liver biopsy
		Primary sclerosing cholangitis	-/+	-	-/+	+	N/↑	N/↑	↑	N	↑	-	Beading on MRCP	Liver biopsy
		Pancreatic carcinoma	+	-	-/+	-	N/↑	N/↑	↑	N	↑	-	Mass on ultrasond	CT scan for diagnosis
	Isolated Jaundice	Crigler-Najjar type 2	+	-	-	-	N	N	N	↑	↑	-	Genetic testing
		Gilbert	+	-	-	-	N	N	N	↑	↑	-	Genetic testing
		Rotor syndrome	+	-	-	-	N	N	N	N	↑	-	Genetic testing	Liver biopsy
		Dubin-Johnson syndrome	+	-	-	-	N	N	N	N	↑	-	Genetic testing	Liver biopsy
		Hereditory spherocytosis	+	-	-/+	-	N	N	N	↑	N	-	Genetic testing	Osmotic fragility
		G6PD deficiency	+	-	-	-	N	N	N	↑	N	-	Genetic testing
		Thalassemia	+	-	-	-	N	N	N	↑	N	-	Genetic testing
		Sickle cell disease	+	-	-	-	N	N	N	↑	N	-	Genetic testing
		Paroxismal nocturnal hemoglobinoria	-	-	-	-	N	N	N	↑	N	-	Flocytometery
		Immune hemolysis	-	-/+	-	-	N	N	N	↑	N	-	Autoantibodies
		Hematoma	-	-/+	-	-	N	N	N	↑	N	-	Anemia	Truma or surgery in history

Abbreviations: RUQ= Right upper quadrant of the abdomen, LUQ= Left upper quadrant, LLQ= Left lower quadrant, RLQ= Right lower quadrant, LFT= Liver function test, SIRS= Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, ERCP= Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, IV= Intravenous, N= Normal, AMA= Anti mitochondrial antibodies, LDH= Lactate dehydrogenase, GI= Gastrointestinal, CXR= Chest X ray, IgA= Immunoglobulin A, IgG= Immunoglobulin G, IgM= Immunoglobulin M, CT= Computed tomography, PMN= Polymorphonuclear cells, ESR= Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP= C-reactive protein, TS= Transferrin saturation, SF= Serum Ferritin, SMA= Superior mesenteric artery, SMV= Superior mesenteric vein, ECG= Electrocardiogram

Primary sclerosing cholangitis must be differentiated from other abdominal pain causes:

	Abdominal Pain	Fever	Rigors and chills	Nausea or vomiting	Jaundice	Constipation	Diarrhea	Weight loss	GI bleeding	Hypo- tension	Guarding	Rebound Tenderness	Bowel sounds	Lab Findings	Imaging
Disease	Clinical manifestations													Diagnosis		Comments
	Symptoms									Signs				Diagnosis
Acute suppurative cholangitis	RUQ	+	+	+	+	−	−	−	−	+	+	+	N	Abnormal LFT WBC >10,000	Ultrasound shows biliary dilatation/stents/tumor	Septic shock occurs with features of SIRS
Acute cholangitis	RUQ	+	−	−	+	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	N	Abnormal LFT	Ultrasound shows biliary dilatation/stents/tumor	Biliary drainage (ERCP) + IV antibiotics
Acute cholecystitis	RUQ	+	−	+	+	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	Hypoactive	Hyperbilirubinemia Leukocytosis	Ultrasound shows: Gallstone Inflammation	Murphy’s sign
Acute pancreatitis	Epigastric	+	−	+	±	−	−	−	−	±	−	−	N	Increased amylase / lipase	Ultrasound shows evidence of inflammation CT scan shows severity of pancreatitis	Pain radiation to back
Chronic pancreatitis	Epigastric	−	−	±	±	−	+	+	−	−	−	−	N	Increased amylase / lipase Increased stool fat content Pancreatic function test	CT scan Calcification Pseudocyst Dilation of main pancreatic duct	Predisposes to pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic carcinoma	Epigastric	−	−	+	+	−	+	+	−	−	−	−	N	↑ Alkaline phosphatase ↑ serum bilirubin ↑ gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ↑ CA 19-9	MDCT with PET/CT MRI	Skin manifestations may include: Bullous pemphigoid Cicatricial pemphigoid Migratory superficial thrombophlebitis (classic Trousseau's syndrome) Pancreatic panniculitis
Disease	Abdominal Pain	Fever	Rigors and chills	Nausea or vomiting	Jaundice	Constipation	Diarrhea	Weight loss	GI bleeding	Hypo- tension	Guarding	Rebound Tenderness	Bowel sounds	Lab Findings	Imaging	Comments
Primary biliary cirrhosis	RUQ/Epigastric	−	−	−	+	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	N	Increased AMA level, abnormal LFTs	ERCP	Pruritis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis	RUQ	+	−	−	+	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	N	Increased liver enzymes Increased IgM, IgG4 Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (p-ANCA) Anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) Anti-smooth muscle antibody (Anti-Sm) Anti-endothelial antibody Anti-cardiolipin antibody	ERCP and MRCP shows Multiple segmental strictures Mural irregularities Biliary dilatation and diverticula Distortion of biliary tree	The risk of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis is 400 times higher than the risk in the general population.
Cholelithiasis	RUQ/Epigastric	±	−	±	±	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	Normal to hyperactive for dislodged stone	Leukocytosis	Ultrasound shows gallstone	Fatty food intolerance
Peptic ulcer disease	Diffuse	±	−	+	−	−	−	+	Gastric ulcer- melena and hematemesis Duodenal ulcer- melena and hematochezia	Positive if perforated	Positive if perforated	Positive if perforated	N	Ascitic fluid LDH > serum LDH Glucose < 50mg/dl Total protein > 1g/dl	Air under diaphragm in upright CXR	Upper GI endoscopy for diagnosis
Disease	Abdominal Pain	Fever	Rigors and chills	Nausea or vomiting	Jaundice	Constipation	Diarrhea	Weight loss	GI bleeding	Hypo- tension	Guarding	Rebound Tenderness	Bowel sounds	Lab Findings	Imaging	Comments
Acute appendicitis	Starts in epigastrium, migrates to RLQ	+	Positive in pyogenic appendicitis	+	−	−	±	−	−	Positive in perforated appendicitis	+	+	Hypoactive	Leukocytosis	Ct scan Ultrasound	Positive Rovsing sign Positive Obturator sign Positive Iliopsoas sign
Acute diverticulitis	LLQ	+	±	+	−	+	±	−	+	Positive in perforated diverticulitis	+	+	Hypoactive	Leukocytosis	CT scan Ultrasound	History of constipation
Inflammatory bowel disease	Diffuse	±	−	−	±	−	+	+	+	−	−	−	Normal or hyperactive	Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (P-ANCA) in Ulcerative colitis Anti saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) in Crohn's disease	String sign on abdominal x-ray in Crohn's disease	Extra intestinal findings: Uveitis Arthritis
Irritable bowel syndrome	Diffuse	−	−	−	−	±	±	+	−	−	−	−	N	Normal	Normal	Symptomatic treatment High dietary fiber Osmotic laxatives Antispasmodic drugs
Whipple's disease	Diffuse	±	−	−	±	−	+	+	−	±	−	−	N	Thrombocytopenia Hypoalbuminemia Small intestinal biopsy for Tropheryma whipplei	Endoscopy is used to confirm diagnosis. Images used to find complications Chest and joint x-ray CT MRI Echocardiography	Extra intestinal findings: Uveitis Endocarditis Encephalitis Dementia Hepatosplenomegaly Arthritis Ascites
Disease	Abdominal Pain	Fever	Rigors and chills	Nausea or vomiting	Jaundice	Constipation	Diarrhea	Weight loss	GI bleeding	Hypo- tension	Guarding	Rebound Tenderness	Bowel sounds	Lab Findings	Imaging	Comments
Colon carcinoma	Diffuse/localized	−	−	−	−	±	±	+	+	±	−	−	Normal or hyperactive if obstruction present	CBC Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)	Colonoscopy Flexible sigmoidoscopy Barium enema CT colonography	PILLCAM 2: A colon capsule for CRC screening may be used in patients with an incomplete colonoscopy who lacks obstruction
Viral hepatitis	RUQ	+	−	+	+	−	Positive in Hep A and E	+	−	Positive in fulminant hepatitis	Positive in acute	+	N	Abnormal LFTs Viral serology	US	Hep A and E have fecal-oral route of transmission Hep B and C transmits via blood transfusion and sexual contact.
Liver abscess	RUQ	+	+	+	+	−	±	+	−	+	+	±	Normal or hypoactive	CBC Blood cultures Abnormal liver function tests	US CT
Hepatocellular carcinoma/Metastasis	RUQ	+	−	−	+	−	−	+	−	−	−	−	Normal Hyperactive if obstruction present	High levels of AFP in serum Abnormal liver function tests	US CT Liver biopsy	Other symptoms: Splenomegaly Variceal bleeding Ascites Spider nevi Asterixis
Disease	Abdominal Pain	Fever	Rigors and chills	Nausea or vomiting	Jaundice	Constipation	Diarrhea	Weight loss	GI bleeding	Hypo- tension	Guarding	Rebound Tenderness	Bowel sounds	Lab Findings	Imaging	Comments
Hemochromatosis	RUQ	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	Positive in cirrhotic patients	−	−	−	N	>60% TS >240 μg/L SF Raised LFT Hyperglycemia	Ultrasound shows evidence of cirrhosis	Extra intestinal findings: Hyperpigmentation Diabetes mellitus Arthralgia Impotence in males Cardiomyopathy Atherosclerosis Hypopituitarism Hypothyroidism Extrahepatic cancer Prone to specific infections
Cirrhosis	RUQ	−	−	−	+	−	−	+	+	+	−	−	N	Hypoalbuminemia Prolonged PT Abnormal LFTs Hyponatremia Thrombocytopenia	US Nodular, shrunken liver Ascites	Stigmata of liver disease Cruveilhier- Baumgarten murmur
Disease	Abdominal Pain	Fever	Rigors and chills	Nausea or vomiting	Jaundice	Constipation	Diarrhea	Weight loss	GI bleeding	Hypo- tension	Guarding	Rebound Tenderness	Bowel sounds	Lab Findings	Imaging	Comments
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis	Diffuse	+	−	−	Positive in cirrhotic patients	−	+	−	−	±	+	+	Hypoactive	Ascitic fluid PMN>250 cells/mm³ Culture: Positive for single organism	Ultrasound for evaluation of liver cirrhosis
Biliary colic	RUQ	−	−	+	+	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	N	↑ bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase	Ultrasound

References

↑ Lazaridis KN, LaRusso NF (2016). "Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis". N. Engl. J. Med. 375 (12): 1161–70. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1506330. PMID 27653566.
↑ Chapman R, Fevery J, Kalloo A, Nagorney DM, Boberg KM, Shneider B, Gores GJ (2010). "Diagnosis and management of primary sclerosing cholangitis". Hepatology. 51 (2): 660–78. doi:10.1002/hep.23294. PMID 20101749.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid27653566-1] Lazaridis KN, LaRusso NF (2016). "Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis". N. Engl. J. Med. 375 (12): 1161–70. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1506330. PMID 27653566.

[pmid20101749-2] Chapman R, Fevery J, Kalloo A, Nagorney DM, Boberg KM, Shneider B, Gores GJ (2010). "Diagnosis and management of primary sclerosing cholangitis". Hepatology. 51 (2): 660–78. doi:10.1002/hep.23294. PMID 20101749.

[1]

[2]

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 {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
-! colspan="3" rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Classification of pain in the abdomen based on etiology
 ! rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Disease
 | colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Clinical manifestations'''
@@ Line 428: / Line 427: @@
 ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Imaging
 |-
-! rowspan="55" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal causes
-! rowspan="40" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Inflammatory causes
-! rowspan="10" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Pancreato-biliary disorders
 | colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Acute suppurative cholangitis
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RUQ]]
@@ Line 664: / Line 660: @@
 * Fatty food intolerance
 |-
-! colspan="1" rowspan="8" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | Gastric causes
 | colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | [[Peptic Ulcer Disease|Peptic ulcer disease]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse
@@ Line 691: / Line 686: @@
 * Upper GI [[endoscopy]] for diagnosis
 |-
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Disease
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal Pain
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Rigors and chills
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Nausea or vomiting
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Jaundice
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Constipation
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI bleeding
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hypo-
-tension
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Guarding
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Rebound Tenderness
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bowel sounds
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Lab Findings
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Imaging
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Comments
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Gastritis|Gastritis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Epigastric]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | <nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Positive in chronic gastritis
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[H.pylori infection diagnostic tests]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Endoscopy]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[H.pylori gastritis guideline recommendation]]
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease|Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Epigastric]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
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-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Gastric emptying studies
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Esophageal]] [[manometry]]
-* [[Endoscopy]] for alarm signs
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Gastric outlet obstruction|Gastric outlet obstruction]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Epigastric]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | <nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hyperactive
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Complete blood count]]
-* [[Basic metabolic panel]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Abdominal x-ray]]- air fluid level
-* Barium upper GI studies- narrowed pylorus
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Succussion splash
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Gastroparesis
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Epigastric
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Hyperactive/hypoactive
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Hemoglobin
-*Fasting plasma glucose
-*Serum total protein, albumin, thyrotropin (TSH), and an antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer
-*HbA1c
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Scintigraphic gastric emptying
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Succussion splash
-*Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
-*Full thickness gastric and small intestinal biopsy
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Gastrointestinal perforation]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hyperactive/hypoactive
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* WBC> 10,000
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Air under [[diaphragm]] in upright [[CXR]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Hamman's sign]]
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Dumping syndrome]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Lower and then diffuse
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hyperactive
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Glucose challenge test
-* Hydrogen breath test
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Upper GI series
-* Gastric emptying study
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Postgastrectomy
-|-
-! rowspan="13" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Intestinal causes
 ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Disease
 ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal Pain
@@ Line 989: / Line 829: @@
 * [[Arthritis]]
 * [[Ascites]]
-|-
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Disease
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal Pain
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Rigors and chills
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Nausea or vomiting
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Jaundice
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Constipation
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI bleeding
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hypo-
-tension
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Guarding
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Rebound Tenderness
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bowel sounds
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Lab Findings
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Imaging
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Comments
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Toxic megacolon]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hypoactive
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Anemia]]
-*[[Leukocytosis]] especially in patients with [[Clostridium difficile infection|''Clostridium difficile'' infection]]
-*[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
-*[[Metabolic alkalosis]] associated with a poor [[prognosis]]
-*[[Metabolic acidosis]] secondary to [[ischemic colitis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |CT and [[Ultrasound]] shows:
-*Loss of colonic haustration
-*Hypoechoic and thickened bowel walls with irregular internal margins in the [[sigmoid]] and descending colon
-*Prominent dilation of the transverse colon (>6 cm)
-* Insignificant dilation of ileal bowel loops (diameter >18 mm) with increased intraluminal gas and fluid
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Tropical sprue]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Fat soluble vitamin deficiency
-* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
-* Fecal stool test
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Barium studies:
-* Dilation and edema of mucosal folds
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Steatorrhea]]- 10-40 g/day (Normal=5 g/day)
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Celiac disease]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hyperactive
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[IgA]] endomysial antibody
-* [[IgA]] [[tissue transglutaminase]] antibody
-* [[Anti-gliadin antibodies|Anti-gliadin antibody]]
-* Small bowel biopsy
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |US:
-* Bull’s eye or target pattern
-* Pseudokidney sign
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Gluten allergy
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Infective colitis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Positive in fulminant colitis
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hyperactive
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Stool culture]] and studies
-* Shiga toxin in bloody diarrhea
-* [[PCR]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |CT scan
-* Bowel wall thickening
-* Edema
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
 |-
 ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Disease
@@ Line 1,153: / Line 875: @@
 * PILLCAM 2: A colon capsule for CRC screening may be used in patients with an incomplete colonoscopy who lacks obstruction
 |-
-! rowspan="8" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Hepatic causes
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hepatitis|Viral hepatitis]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RUQ]]
@@ Line 1,249: / Line 970: @@
 ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Imaging
 ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Comments
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Budd-Chiari syndrome|Budd-Chiari syndrome]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RUQ]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Positive in liver failure leading to varices
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Elevated [[Aspartate aminotransferase|serum aspartate aminotransferase]] and [[alanine aminotransferase]] levels may be more than five times the upper limit of the normal range.
-*Elevated serum [[alkaline phosphatase]] and [[Bilirubin|bilirubin levels]], decreased [[Albumin|serum albumin level]].
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Findings on [[CT scan]] suggestive of Budd-Chiari syndrome include:
-*Early enhancement of the [[caudate lobe]] and [[central liver]] around the [[Inferior vena cavae|inferior vena cava]]
-*Delayed enhancement of the peripheral [[liver]] with accompanying central low density (flip-flop appearance)
-*Peripheral zones of the [[liver]] show reversed [[portal]] [[venous]] [[blood flow]]
-*In the [[chronic]] phase, there is [[caudate lobe]] enlargement and [[atrophy]] of the [[Liver|peripheral liver]] in affected areas
-|}
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Ascitic tap|Ascitic fluid examination]] shows:
-*[[Total protein]] more than 2.5 g per deciliter
-*[[White blood cells]] are usually less than 500/μL.
 |-
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hemochromatosis]]
@@ Line 1,358: / Line 1,049: @@
 ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Comments
 |-
-! rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | Peritoneal causes
 | colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse
@@ Line 1,379: / Line 1,069: @@
 * Ultrasound for evaluation of liver cirrhosis
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-|-
-! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Renal causes
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Pyelonephritis
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Unilateral
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hypoactive
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Urinalysis
-* Urine culture
-* Blood culture
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* CT
-* MRI
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*CVA tenderness
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Renal colic]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Flank pain]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Hematuria]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Ultrasound
-* CT scan
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Colicky [[abdominal pain]]
-* [[Dysuria]]
-|-
-! colspan="2" rowspan="4" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | Hollow Viscous Obstruction
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Small bowel obstruction
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hyperactive then absent
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Leukocytosis]] with left shift indicates complications
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Abdominal X-ray|Abdominal X ray]]
-* Dilated loops of bowel with air fluid levels
-* Gasless abdomen
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* "Target sign"– , indicative of intussusception
-* Venous cut-off sign" –  suggests thrombosis
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Volvulus]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Positive in perforated cases
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Positive in perforated cases
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hyperactive then absent
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Leukocytosis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |CT scan and [[Abdominal x-ray|abdominal X ray]]
-* U shaped sigmoid colon
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* "Whirl sign"
 |-
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Biliary colic]]
@@ Line 1,492: / Line 1,089: @@
 * Ultrasound
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-|-
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Disease
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal Pain
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Rigors and chills
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Nausea or vomiting
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Jaundice
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Constipation
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI bleeding
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hypo-
-tension
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Guarding
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Rebound Tenderness
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bowel sounds
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Lab Findings
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Imaging
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Comments
-|-
-! rowspan="5" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Vascular Disorders
-! rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Ischemic causes
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Mesenteric ischemia]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Periumbilical
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Positive if bowel becomes gangrenous
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Positive if bowel becomes gangrenous
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Positive if bowel becomes gangrenous
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hyperactive to absent
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Leukocytosis]] and [[lactic acidosis]]
-* [[Amylase]] levels
-* [[D-dimer]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |CT angiography
-* SMA or SMV thrombosis
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Also known as abdominal angina  that worsens with eating
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ischemic colitis|Acute ischemic colitis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Diffuse
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hyperactive then absent
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Leukocytosis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Abdominal x-ray]]
-* Distension and pneumatosis
-CT scan
-* Double halo appearance, thumbprinting
-* Thickening of bowel
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* May lead to shock
-|-
-! rowspan="3" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Hemorrhagic causes
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Diffuse
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Fibrinogen]]
-* [[D-dimer]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST)
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Unstable hemodynamics
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Intra-abdominal or [[retroperitoneal hemorrhage]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Diffuse
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* ↓ Hb
-* ↓ Hct
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* CT scan
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* History of [[trauma]]
-|-
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Disease
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal Pain
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Rigors and chills
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Nausea or vomiting
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Jaundice
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Constipation
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI bleeding
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hypo-
-tension
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Guarding
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Rebound Tenderness
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bowel sounds
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Lab Findings
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Imaging
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Comments
-|-
-! rowspan="4" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Gynaecological Causes
-! rowspan="3" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Tubal causes
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Torsion of the cyst
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |RLQ / LLQ
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* ↑ [[ESR]]
-* ↑ [[CRP]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Ultrasound
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Sudden onset & severe pain
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Salpingitis|Acute salpingitis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |RLQ / LLQ
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Leukocytosis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Pelvic ultrasound]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Vaginal discharge]]
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Cyst rupture
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |RLQ / LLQ
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* ↑ [[ESR]]
-* ↑ [[CRP]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Ultrasound
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-|-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Pregnancy
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Ruptured [[ectopic pregnancy]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |RLQ / LLQ
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Positive [[pregnancy test]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Ultrasound
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |History of
-* Missed period
-* Vaginal bleeding
-|-
-! rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra-abdominal causes
-! rowspan="3" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Pulmonary disorders
-| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Pleural empyema]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RUQ]]/[[Epigastric]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Thoracentesis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Chest X-ray]]
-* Pleural opacity
-* Localization of effusion
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Physical examination
-* Crackles
-* [[Egophony]]
-* Increased [[tactile fremitus]]
-|-
-| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Pulmonary embolism]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |RUQ/LUQ
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* ABGs
-* D-dimer
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* CXR
-* V/Q scan
-* Spiral [[CT pulmonary angiogram]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Dyspnea
-* Tachycardia
-* Pleuretic chest pain
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Pneumonia]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |RUQ/LUQ
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Normal or hypoactive
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* ABGs
-* Leukocytosis
-* Pancytopenia
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*CXR
-*CT chest
-*Bronchoscopy
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Shortness of breath
-* Cough
-|-
-! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Cardiovascular disorders
-| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Myocardial Infarction]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Epigastric]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Positive in cardiogenic shock
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Cardiac enzymes]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[ECG]]
-[[Echocardiogram]]
-* Wall motion abnormality
-* Wall rupture
-* Septal rupture
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Chest pain, tightness, diaphoresis
-Complications:
-* [[Arrythmias]]
-* [[Mitral regurgitation]]
-* Ventricular wall rupture
-* Septal rupture
 |-
 |}
 |}
-'''Primary sclerosing cholangitis must be differentiated from other causes of jaundice:'''
-{| align="center"
-|-
-|
-{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
-! colspan="2" rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Classification of jaundice based on etiology
-! rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Disease
-! colspan="4" rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |History and clinical manifestations
-! colspan="8" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Diagnosis
-|-
-! colspan="6" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Lab Findings
-! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other blood tests
-! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other diagnostic
-|-
-! rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Family history
-! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Fever
-! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |RUQ Pain
-! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Pruritis
-! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |AST
-! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |ALT
-! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |ALK
-! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |BLR Indirect
-! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |BLR Direct
-! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Viral serology
-|-
-! rowspan="25" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Jaundice
-! colspan="1" rowspan="7" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | Hepatocellular Jaundice
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Hemochromatosis
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Ferritin ↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Liver biopsy
-|-
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Wilson's disease
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Serum cerulloplasmin ↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Liver biopsy
-|-
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Viral hepatitis
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Specific viral antibody for each type
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-|-
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Alcoholic hepatitis
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-|-
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Drug induced hepatitis
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-|-
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Autoimmune hepatitis
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Anti-LKM antibody
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Liver biopsy
-|-
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Cirrhosis
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Low platate
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Small liver on ultrasond
-|-
-! rowspan="6" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | Cholestatic Jaundice
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Common bile duct stone
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Dilated ducts on sono
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |CT/ERCP
-|-
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Hepatitis A cholestatic type
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |HAV- AB
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Abdominal ultrasound
-|-
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |EBV / CMV hepatitis
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Positive serology
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
-|-
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Primary biliary cirrhosis
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |AMA positive
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Liver biopsy
-|-
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Primary sclerosing cholangitis
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Beading on MRCP
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Liver biopsy
-|-
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Pancreatic carcinoma
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Mass on ultrasond
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |CT scan for diagnosis
-|-
-! rowspan="11" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Isolated Jaundice
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Crigler-Najjar type 2
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Genetic testing
-|-
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Gilbert
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Genetic testing
-|-
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Rotor syndrome
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Genetic testing
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Liver biopsy
-|-
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Dubin-Johnson syndrome
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Genetic testing
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Liver biopsy
-|-
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Hereditory spherocytosis
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Genetic testing
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Osmotic fragility
-|-
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |G6PD deficiency
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Genetic testing
-|-
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Thalassemia
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Genetic testing
-|-
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Sickle cell disease
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Genetic testing
-|-
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Paroxismal nocturnal hemoglobinoria
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Flocytometery
-|-
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Immune hemolysis
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Autoantibodies
-|-
-| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Hematoma
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -/+
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Anemia
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Truma or surgery in history
-|-
-|}
-|}
-<span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:'''
-'''[[RUQ]]'''= Right upper quadrant of the abdomen, '''LUQ'''= Left upper quadrant, '''LLQ'''= Left lower quadrant, '''RLQ'''= Right lower quadrant, '''LFT'''= Liver function test, SIRS= [[Systemic inflammatory response syndrome]], '''[[ERCP]]'''= [[Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography]], '''IV'''= Intravenous, '''N'''= Normal, '''AMA'''= Anti mitochondrial antibodies, '''[[LDH]]'''= [[Lactate dehydrogenase]], '''GI'''= Gastrointestinal, '''CXR'''= Chest X ray, '''IgA'''= [[Immunoglobulin A]], '''IgG'''= [[Immunoglobulin G]], '''IgM'''= [[Immunoglobulin M]], '''CT'''= [[Computed tomography]], '''[[PMN]]'''= Polymorphonuclear cells, '''[[ESR]]'''= [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], '''[[CRP]]'''= [[C-reactive protein]], TS= [[Transferrin saturation]], SF= Serum [[Ferritin]], SMA= [[Superior mesenteric artery]], SMV= [[Superior mesenteric vein]], ECG= [[Electrocardiogram]]</span>
 ==References==

Primary sclerosing cholangitis differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 17:36, 8 February 2018

Overview

Differentiating Primary sclerosing cholangitis from other Diseases

References

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